MBE外延InSb基CdTe工艺研究

成功制备了CdTe/InSb复合衬底,为长波HgCdTe外延提供了可能。通过工艺研究解决了InSb氧化层去除及In元素扩散控制两个难点问题,使用As钝化法可以解决双腔衬底转移的问题,在常用的退火工艺下,通过厚度的调整可以阻挡In元素的扩散。     

分子束外延的CdTe在碲镉汞中波器件中钝化效果

采用分子束外延技术（MBE）制备了碲化镉（CdTe）原位钝化的中波碲镉汞（HgCdTe）材料。原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果表明,分子束原位外延的CdTe可见cross-hatch,表面粗糙度为1～2 nm,CdTe和HgCdTe界面结合紧密。微波光导测试结果显示,77 K时,与表面处理后非原位CdTe钝化的HgCdTe材料相比,CdTe原位钝化的HgCdTe材料的少子寿命较大。制备了分子束外延CdTe原位钝化的中波HgCdTe光伏器件,和相同材料上的非原位CdTe/ZnS双层钝化制备的器件I-V特性相似。     

Si基CdTe复合衬底分子束外延研究

文章引入晶格过渡的Si/ZnTe /CdTe作为复合外延基底材料,以阻挡Si/HgCdTe之间大晶格失配产生的高密度位错。通过对低温表面清洁化、面极性控制和孪晶抑制等的研究,解决了Si基CdTe分子束外延生长中诸多的技术难题。在国内首次采用分子束外延(MBE)的方法获得了大面积的Si基CdTe复合衬底材料,对应厚度为4～4. 4μm Si/CdTe (211)样品双晶半峰宽的统计平均结果为83弧秒,与相同厚度的GaAs/CdTe (211)双晶平均水平相当。     

Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延材料的生长与性能分析

通过改进推舟液相外延技术,成功地在(211)晶向Si/CdTe复合衬底上进行了HgCdTe液相外延生长,获得了表面光亮的HgCdTe外延薄膜.测试结果表明,(211)Si/CdTe复合衬底液相外延HgCdTe材料组分及厚度的均匀性与常规(111)CdZnTe衬底HgCdTe外延材料相当;位错腐蚀坑平均密度为(5～8)×105 cm-2,比相同衬底上分子束外延材料的平均位错密度要低一个数量级;晶体的双晶半峰宽达到70″左右.研究结果表明,在发展需要低位错密度的大面积长波HgCdTe外延材料制备技术方面,Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延技术可发挥重要的作用.     

Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延材料的生长与性能分析

通过改进推舟液相外延技术,成功地在(211)晶向Si/CdTe复合衬底上进行了HgCdTe液相外延生长,获得了表面光亮的HgCdTe外延薄膜.测试结果表明,(211)Si/CdTe复合衬底液相外延HgCdTe材料组分及厚度的均匀性与常规(111)CdZnTe衬底HgCdTe外延材料相当;位错腐蚀坑平均密度为(5～8)×105 cm-2,比相同衬底上分子束外延材料的平均位错密度要低一个数量级;晶体的双晶半峰宽达到70″左右.研究结果表明,在发展需要低位错密度的大面积长波HgCdTe外延材料制备技术方面,Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延技术可发挥重要的作用.     

As在HgCdTe分子束外延中的表面粘附系数

报道了用二次离子质谱分析 (SIMS)方法对As在碲镉汞分子束外延中的掺入行为的研究结果 .发现As在CdTe、HgCdTe表面的粘附系数很低 ,并与Hg的介入密切相关 .对于单晶HgCdTe外延 ,在 170℃生长温度下As的粘附率相对于多晶室温淀积仅为 3× 10 -4,在此生长温度下 ,通过优化生长条件获得了表面形貌良好的外延材料 .通过控制As束源炉的温度可以很好地控制As在HgCdTe层中的原子浓度 .     

红外探测器材料Ⅱ

一、HgCdTe的外延与分子束外延生长 1.用MOVPE生长在(211)B CdTe/Si衬底上的HgCdTe膜层的特性(S.H.Suh等,韩国科技研究所)     

在InSb和GaAs衬底上用MOCVD法生长CdTe和HgCdTe外延膜

由于HgCdTe的红外探测特性致使生长高质量HgCdTe外延膜具有重要意义。目前一般是在CdTe衬底上生长HgCdTe。CdTe和HgCdTe都是Ⅰ-Ⅵ化合物,具有同样的晶体结构和紧密匹配的晶格。然而,CdTe衬底有缺点。它们价格高,不能制成大面积和不具备高结晶完整性。因此,要求研制在不相同衬底材料上进行HgCdTe外延。最近有文献报导在他种衬底上用分子束外延(MBE)和激光辅助淀积     

热壁外延生长的CdTe外延层的研究

本文论述了用热壁外延的方法在CdTe体材料衬底上生长CdTe,并且用各种方法对CdTe外延层进行的研究。为提高衬底材料的质量。我们采用热壁外延方法在CdTe体材料衬底上再外延生长—层CdTe缓冲层,如果外延条件适当,缓冲层一般可使体材料的一部分缺陷消除或减少,好的外延层同经过仔细表面处理的体材料衬底一样是镜面的,因此可直接用作外延HgCdTe     

用分子束外延法在CdTe上生长InSb膜

研究了用分子束外延在(001)取向CdTe衬底上异质外延生长InSb。用双晶x-射线衍射法和俄歇电子光谱法证明在225-275℃的生长温度下InSb单晶层几乎可以互相密合地生长在衬底上而没有界面反应。     

TEM Characterization of HgCdTe/CdTe Grown on GaAs(211)B Substrates

A microstructural study of HgCdTe/CdTe/GaAs(211)B and CdTe/GaAs(211)B heterostructures grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was carried out using transmission electron microscopy and small-probe microanalysis. High-quality MBE-grown CdTe on GaAs(211)B substrates was demonstrated to be a viable composite substrate platform for HgCdTe growth. In addition, analysis of interfacial misfit dislocations and residual strain showed that the CdTe/GaAs interface was fully relaxed except in localized regions where GaAs surface polishing had caused small pits. In the case of HgCdTe/CdTe/GaAs(211)B, the use of thin HgTe buffer layers between HgCdTe and CdTe for improving the HgCdTe crystal quality was also investigated.     

Recent Progress in MBE Growth of CdTe and HgCdTe on (211)B GaAs Substrates

Alternate substrates for molecular beam epitaxy growth of HgCdTe including Si, Ge, and GaAs have been under development for more than a decade. MBE growth of HgCdTe on GaAs substrates was pioneered by Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS) in the 1980s. However, recent improvements in the layer crystal quality including improvements in both the CdTe buffer layer and the HgCdTe layer growth have resulted in GaAs emerging as a strong candidate for replacement of bulk CdZnTe substrates for certain infrared imaging applications. In this paper the current state of the art in CdTe and HgCdTe MBE growth on (211)B GaAs and (211) Si at TIS is reviewed. Recent improvements in the CdTe buffer layer quality (double crystal rocking curve full-width at half-maximum?≈?30?arcsec) with HgCdTe dislocation densities of ≤10⁶?cm^?2 are discussed and comparisons are made with historical HgCdTe on bulk CdZnTe and alternate substrate data at TIS. Material properties including the HgCdTe majority carrier mobility and dislocation density are presented as a function of the CdTe buffer layer quality.     

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of oxide and Te overlayers on as-grown and etched HgCdTe

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the low-temperature (<80°C) preparation of HgCdTe surfaces with atomic hydrogen for the purpose of CdTe passivation. Atomic hydrogen was used to etch overlayers and surfaces of liquid phase epitaxy and molecular beam epitaxy HgCdTe, CdTe, HgTe, and Te. Oxide layers were easily removed, while carbon overlayers were resistant to atomic hydrogen etching at low temperature. Both Te and HgTe are etched by atomic hydrogen, with the HgTe etch rate about twice that of Te, while CdTe and ZnTe are not etched. Chemi-mechanical polishing of liquid phase epitaxy HgCdTe left a 10 to 20Å Te overlayer that could be removed with atomic hydrogen. In all cases, exposure of HgCdTe to atomic hydrogen led to surface composition shifts to higher x-value, with an x-value plateau near x～0.6. All observations could be explained in terms of the formation of a 15Å surface layer of CdTe which blocks further etching.     

多层HgCdTe异质外延材料的热退火应力分析

前期研究采用高温热处理方法,获得了抑制位错的最佳退火条件.通过比对实验,发现不同衬底上HgCdTe表面的CdTe钝化层在热处理过程中对位错的抑制作用各有不同.结合晶格失配应力和热应力对不同异质结构进行理论计算,借助X射线摇摆曲线的倒易空间分析,解释了CdTe钝化层对HgCdTe位错抑制的影响作用.     

p-type HgTe/CdTe superlattices for very-long wavelength infrared detectors

HgTe/CdTe superlattices (SL) have been studied for applications involving the detection of very-long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detectors. In this study, p-type HgTe/CdTe SLs were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). As-grown arsenic δ-doped HgTe/CdTe SLs and undoped HgTe/CdTe SLs were characterized before and after annealing under different conditions using XRD, temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements, SIMS, and TEM. Incorporated arsenic atoms in a HgTe/CdTe SL were electrically activated without the typical thermal annealing of alloy HgCdTe materials.     

InSb分子束外延原位掺杂技术研究

对InSb分子束外延薄膜的本征掺杂、N型掺杂以及P型掺杂进行了研究,其中分别以Be作P 型以及以Si、Te作N 型的掺杂剂。实验采用半绝缘的GaAs衬底作为InSb分子束外延用衬底,通过采用低温生长缓冲层技术降低大失配应力,获得高质量InSb外延膜。实验样品采用霍尔测试以及SIMS测试掺杂浓度和迁移率分析掺杂规律、掺杂元素偏聚和激活规律的影响因素。     

MBE原位碲化镉钝化的碲镉汞长波光电二极管列阵

采用分子束外延(MBE)技术在表面生长碲化镉(CdTe)介质膜的p型碲镉汞(HgCdTe)材料,并通过离子注入区的光刻、暴露HgCdTe表面的窗口腐蚀、注入阻挡层硫化锌(ZnS)的生长、形成p-n结的B+注入、注入阻挡层的去除、绝缘介质膜ZnS的生长、金属化和铟柱列阵的制备等工艺,得到了原位CdTe钝化的n+-on-p...     

红外半导体材料SIMS分析研究

介绍了二次离子质谱仪(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer, SIMS)的基本原理及其在焦平面红外半导体材料和器件制备工艺中发挥的重要作用。通过对掺砷碲镉汞和CdTe/InSb材料进行SIMS测试,研究了不同离子源和一次束流大小对测试结果的影响,为后续SIMS分析技术在红外探测器材料的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Plasma-Cleaned InSb (112)B for Large-Area Epitaxy of HgCdTe Sensors

Plasma etching of (112)B InSb to prepare this semiconductor for the heteroepitaxy deposition of CdTe and initial studies of CdTe epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on InSb (112)B substrates cleaned with various plasma treatments are presented. X-ray diffraction rocking curve maps of the MBE CdTe epilayers on 3-inch InSb (112)B substrates have full-width at half-maxima (FWHM) values in the range of 20 arcsec to 30 arcsec. An etch pit density analysis of the 3-inch CdTe epilayers reveals a defect density of 1.0 × 10⁷ cm⁻² and 7.7 × 10⁵ cm⁻² at the center and edge of the wafer, respectively. Evaluation of a standard HgCdTe annealing process suggests that the removal of the InSb substrate is likely to be needed prior to any postgrowth annealing in Hg overpressure. Finally, we present a low-energy helium plasma exposure of wet-etched InSb (112)B substrates that provides a uniform epi-ready surface that is nearly stoichiometric, and free of oxide and residual contaminants.