微细粒蛇纹石的可浮性及其机理

通过浮选实验、润湿接触角测定、Zeta电位测试和泡沫水回收率测定,考察pH值、样品粒度、矿浆浓度和起泡剂种类与用量等因素对金川硫化铜镍矿中的主要脉石矿如微细粒蛇纹石可浮性的影响,并对其机理进行分析.结果表明:蛇纹石的润湿接触角为37.6-,属于亲水性矿物,天然可浮性差;随着蛇纹颗粒粒度的减小以及矿浆浓度的增大,其浮选回收率升高;起泡剂对蛇纹石的表面电性和润湿性影响不大,而在微细粒蛇纹石的浮选中,不同起泡剂种类和用量下的泡沫水回收率与矿物浮选回收率具有良好的对应关系,可以推测泡沫夹带是蛇纹石浮选进入精矿的重要原因.     

一水硬铝石型铝土矿铝硅浮选分离的溶液化学

分析了我国铝土矿中一水硬铝石和铝硅酸盐脉石矿物的晶体结构与表面性质,一水硬铝石与铝硅酸盐脉石矿物晶体结构的差异、表面断裂的Al-O和Si-O健及表面离子活性区的差别,可影响矿物表面的润滑性与可浮性,类质同象及各种晶格杂质离子也将影响浮选剂与矿物表面的相互作用和矿物可磨性,提出了正浮选、反浮吕硅分离的技术原型,用溶液化学与计算研究了其基本原理。结果表明,通过溶液化学计算可确定阴离子捕收剂正浮选脱硅时捕收剂,分散剂和PH三者之间的匹配关系,矿物的PZC与捕收剂的pKa值是阳离子捕收剂反浮选的主要控制参数,阴离子捕收剂反浮选时,铅盐和钙盐是浮选铝硅酸盐较理想的活化剂。     

铅锌分离过程中粒度对银导向回收影响的模拟计算

采用经典一阶浮选动力学模型对矿物浮选回收率及分离效率进行了拟合计算,研究矿石粒度对铅锌分离过程中铅、银和锌的浮选行为的影响。建立了BP人工神经网络模型,预测平均给矿粒度对矿物回收率及分离效率的影响。结果表明,中等粒级(-74~+20 μm)下铅和银的浮选回收率最高,而微细粒级锌夹带严重,3种矿物的浮选速率均随矿石粒度的减小而减小;-105~+20 μm粒级下矿物的分离效率最高,过粗或过细均不利于矿物的浮选分离。BP-ANN预测结果表明,该矿石的最佳平均给料粒度为26~94 μm;银具有良好的铅依存性,通过添加锌抑制剂ZCY,配合使用对银矿物有良好选择性的捕收剂DA-1,可以实现银在铅锌分离中的导向回收。     

西峡红柱石矿石的浮选分离

研究应用不同捕收剂时红柱石的浮选行为。采用西峡红柱石纯矿物进行微型浮选试验,利用红柱石矿石进行小型浮选试验,测定纯红柱石表面的电荷。结果表明,红柱石的等电点为pH5.2。在pH值高于等电点时,矿物表面带负电荷,可用胺类捕收剂浮选红柱石。相反,红柱石表面带正电荷,用烷基磺酸盐捕收剂（十二烷基苯磺酸钠）浮选红柱石比较有效。在中性和弱碱性pH范围时用油酸盐可以浮选红柱石。用烷基磺酸盐捕收剂时可以获得含55.3%Al2O3,红柱石回收率为75.6%的红柱石精矿。在用烷基磺酸盐捕收剂时,淀粉是脉石矿物的有效抑制剂。此外,试验发现矿泥对红柱石浮选有不利影响。因此,浮选前必须脱碳和脱泥。     

捕收剂预吸附对硫化矿与硅酸盐分离的影响

通过浮选试验、吸附量试验和红外光谱测试,考察捕收剂戊黄药(PAX)和抑制剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的添加顺序对绿泥石与黄铁矿浮选分离的影响,并研究其作用机理。结果表明:先加抑制剂羧甲基纤维素时,羧甲基纤维素是绿泥石的有效抑制剂,但也会抑制黄铁矿的浮选,影响绿泥石与黄铁矿的浮选分离;先加入捕收剂戊黄药时,羧甲基纤维素对黄铁矿的抑制作用减弱,而绿泥石的浮选回收不受影响,黄铁矿与绿泥石的分离选择性提高。抑制剂羧甲基纤维素能同时吸附在黄铁矿与绿泥石表面,而捕收剂戊黄药只能吸附在黄铁矿表面。戊黄药与羧甲基纤维素在黄铁矿表面存在竞争吸附,先加捕收剂时,戊黄药的预先吸附降低了羧甲基纤维素在黄铁矿表面的吸附量,减弱了羧甲基纤维素对黄铁矿的抑制作用,提高了黄铁矿与绿泥石的分离选择性。     

组合捕收剂浮选锂辉石的作用机理

通过浮选试验、表面张力测试、Zeta电位以及红外光谱分析,考察油酸钠(NaOL)、十二烷基琥珀酰胺(HZ)两种捕收剂及其组合捕收剂对锂辉石的浮选性能和作用机理。结果表明:单一捕收剂在一定浓度下都能较好地浮选锂辉石,其中HZ的捕收性能强于NaOL,组合捕收剂浮选效果明显优于任意单一捕收剂。在药剂用量为200mg/L、pH=9.0左右、组合捕收剂的混合摩尔比n(NaOL):n(HZ)为5:1的条件下,浮选效果最好,浮选回收率达88.48%。红外光谱分析表明NaOL在锂辉石表面以化学吸附为主,HZ则以物理吸附为主,两种捕收剂组合使用后的正协同作用是由于锂辉石矿物表面的不均匀性和表面的活性质点的差异使这两种不同药剂能选择性的吸附在矿物表面的不同位置,从而提高药剂捕收性能。     

组合捕收剂及海藻酸钠在白钨矿和方解石浮选分离中的作用及机理

通过浮选试验、吸附量测试和XPS分析,研究油酸钠和聚醚P123组合捕收剂以及抑制剂海藻酸钠在白钨矿与方解石浮选分离中的作用,考察钙离子对白钨矿与方解石浮选分离的影响,并分析海藻酸钠对方解石的抑制作用机理。结果表明:与常用捕收剂油酸钠相比,油酸钠和聚醚P123组合捕收剂提高白钨矿的浮选回收率,并降低方解石的浮选回收率,但仅用捕收剂在试验所研究的pH范围内无法实现白钨矿与方解石的浮选分离。抑制剂海藻酸钠在白钨矿及方解石表面均能被吸附,但在方解石表面的吸附量显著高于在白钨矿表面的吸附量,从而对方解石具有选择性抑制作用。钙离子的存在对方解石和白钨矿的浮选影响较小,对海藻酸钠的抑制行为也没有影响,使用海藻酸钠做抑制剂能够实现白钨矿与方解石的浮选分离。XPS分析表明海藻酸钠作用后方解石表面钙原子的特征吸收峰发生明显偏移,说明海藻酸钠主要是通过与方解石表面的钙离子发生化学反应而吸附在方解石表面。     

C_8碳链烷基羟肟酸对孔雀石的浮选性能及吸附机理

通过纯孔雀石、硫化-氧化混合铜矿浮选试验、FT-IR光谱分析、Zeta电位测试、捕收剂及矿物溶液化学分析和DFT计算研究2-乙基-2-烯己基羟肟酸(EHHA)对孔雀石矿物的直接浮选性能及吸附机理。纯矿物浮选试验结果表明:EHHA是一种直接浮选孔雀石矿物的优良捕收剂,在矿浆pH值6、用量200 mg/L的浮选条件下,EHHA能直接浮选出95.33%的孔雀石。实际矿石浮选试验结果表明:EHHA在弱酸性条件下直接浮选硫化-氧化铜矿与使用异丁基黄药(IBX)捕收剂硫化浮选相比较,EHHA所取得的粗精矿中Cu回收率高了1.87%。FT-IR光谱和Zeta电位测试结果表明:EHHA通过形成五元螯合环吸附于孔雀石矿物表面。孔雀石和捕收剂的溶液化学分析表明:EHHA通过与矿物表面的Cu~(2+)螯合成沉淀而发生吸附,OHA通过与孔雀石矿物表面的水合铜离子发生表面化学反应而吸附于矿物表面,相关的FT-IR分析结果进一步证实这一结论。DFT计算结果表明:EHHA比IBX拥有更大的偶极矩,更高的Mulliken电荷,对孔雀石矿物的捕收能力更强。     

新型阳离子捕收剂在极难选高硅型铝土矿反浮选中的应用

详细研究了一水硬铝石和脉石矿物在BS-3为捕收剂时的浮选特性,考察了调整剂在矿浆中对浮选的影响,并在此基础上进行了人工配矿和实际矿石的浮选分离试验研究。实际矿石试验结果为:精矿中Al2O3和SiO2的品位分别为64.55%和6.28%,精矿A/S为10.28,Al2O3的回收率高达83.41%。     

铝土矿反浮选体系分散与凝聚理论

在铝土矿反浮选脱硅过程中,矿浆悬浮液的分散和凝聚状态对微细粒－水硬铝石的回收和精矿铝硅比有显著影响。要使各种硅酸盐矿物混合物达到有效的选择性分离,首先必需使矿浆悬浮液处于最佳分散状态,避免各种矿物细粒间的相互混杂和矿泥罩盖。针对高硅铝土矿反浮选脱硅过程,根据经典DLVO理论,从颗粒间的相互作用分析了微细粒－水硬铝石在各种含硅脉石矿物表面的粘附情况。结果表明：一水硬铝石与含硅脉石矿物颗粒间的范德化相互作用总是吸引;而它们间的静电相互作用在弱碱性条件下时为排斥,在弱酸性条件下时为吸引,一水硬铝石的夹带上浮较为严重,不利于铝土矿的反浮选。     

Recovery of molybdenum and copper from porphyry ore via iso-flotability flotation

A copper–molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery of molybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu–Mo ores. The effects of flotation approach, type of collector, feed particle size distribution, rougher pH value and reagent dosage on the recovery of molybdenite were evaluated systematically. The results suggest that compared with kerosene and diesel oil, transformer oil has stronger dispersion capability in water media and better flotation selectivity for molybdenite, providing a higher molybdenum recovery under low reagent dosage. Moreover, compared with bulk flotation approach, the iso-flotability flotation approach using transformer oil as a collector can obtain superior Mo recovery (90.77%) and grade (0.80%) in the cleaner concentrate, and increase the Mo recovery and grade by over 18% and 5% in the final Mo concentrate, respectively. The results of commercial flotation further indicate that the iso-flotability flotation approach is a rational and effective route to beneficiate the porphyry Cu–Mo ores.     

Double reverse flotation process of collophanite and regulating froth action

A new double reverse flotation process was used to beneficiate the Yichang region collophanite of Hubei Province, China. Its final concentrate yield is 67.37%, P2O5 grade is 32.17%, P2O5 recovery is 87.80%, and the main impurities MgO, Fe203 and Al2O3 are 0.95%, 1.04%, 1.36%, respectively. The difficult problem was successfully solved that plentiful froths are bought by the cationic collector reverse flotation in collophanite beneficiation by adding inorganic froth regulator CA to the pulp. The defrothing mechanism was studied through mensurating surface tension and Zeta potential of the pulp after adding CA. It is found that the changing of surface tension and hoisting of Zeta potential may be the main reasons that froths become friable and break up.     

Improvement of flotation behavior of Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore by pulp potential control flotation

The electrochemical behavior of Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore flotation system was studied. Based on the electrochemical characteristics of sulfide mineral flotation system, a stage potential control flotation was developed with the main parameters of pulp potential（φp）, pH value and collector dosage. Using N,N＇ diphenylamino-dithiolphosphoric acid（NNDDC） as a collector, which has good selectivity for galena flotation at pH 8.8 and pulp potential 330 mV, DDTC is used as secondary collector to improve both the grade and recovery of Pb and Ag. The pulp potential values significantly influence the floatability of practical minerals and single minerals when using NNDDC as the collector. The flotation recovery of galena reaches 85% at about 0.3 V and pH8.8. With the usage of pulp potential control during grinding and flotation, the new pulp electrochemical technology for Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore flotation was developed. The results show that the grades of Pb and Ag of galena concentrate are 55% and 1 800 g/t, respectively, while the recoveries of Pb and Ag are 86.5% and 65%, respectively, the grade of Zn of marmatite concentrate is 42.5%, and the recovery of Zn is 91.25%.     

Flotation evaluation and adsorption mechanism of medialan collector to wolframite

Medialan has preferable flotation performance to wolframite,under the conditions of the best flotation pH value 7.0 and low dosage,wolframite recovery is up to80%.Medialan shows poor flotation performance to quartz,but better to fluorite and calcite.However,fluorite and calcite are inhibited in a certain degree by adding medialan mixed with sodium silicate.Adsorption mechanism of medialan collector on wolfram surface was also studied by using infrared(IR)radiation spectrum,adsorption volume,and zeta potential.The results show that medialan can adsorb on wolfram surface in the form of chemistry adsorption,and as medialan collector dosage changes,change law of adsorption volume is similar with that of wolfram pure mineral flotation.Zeta potential results prove that zeta potential of wolfram surface moves negatively after adsorbing medialan collector.     

A new collector used for flotation of oxide minerals

A surfactant containing a mixed aliphatic structure, with a hydrocarbon chain and a diamine group, has proven to be collector for the flotation of quartz, calamine and calcite. And research about its collecting capability was carried out in laboratory. The test results show that the flotation recovery ascends sharply with increasing the concentration of collector. When the concentration of collector reaches 1.83×10⁻⁴ mol/L, the flotation recoveries of quartz, calamine and calcite get their maximum of 97.64%, 91.04% and 95.99%, respectively. The flotation recoveries of quartz, calamine and calcite rise sharply with the rise of pH. And in a wide range of pH, their flotation recoveries all exceed 90%. And in the whole flotation experiment, the flotation recovery of hematite rises with the increase of collector concentration and pH, while the maximal recovery is not more than 55%. Compared with dodecylamine, the N-dodecylethylenediamine has strong capability to quartz and calamine, while the flotation recoveries of calcite are closely. Hydrogen binding adsorption and electrostatic adsorption occur between the collector and the surface of quartz.     

Relationship between solids flux and froth features in batch flotation of sulphide ore

The froth features in the batch flotation of a sulphide ore were investigated by using the digital image parameters of the froth, the small number emphasis（Nsne）, the average grey level（Dagl） and the instability number （Nins）, under different conditions of impeller speeds and aeration rates. It is found that the value of Nsne is strongly dependent on the average bubble size of the froth and Dagl on the volume fraction of solid in the froth, and the froth features during the batch flotation are influenced by impeller speed and aeration rate. A kinetic model of the concen- trate solid flux was developed which relates the flotation process to the image parameters, Nsne and Dagl of the froth and predictions are well consistent with the experimental data.     

Flow of gas-liquid-solid system and its application in packed flotation column

A packed flotation column, which is packed with multiple board ripple packings, was described. Based on comprehensive steady state models, chemical reactor developed previously in chemical engineering subjects, have been extended to packed flotation column for mineral separation. The experimental results verify that tarts in series model is better than axially-dispersed plug flow model to describe flow pattern in the collection zone of column by RTD (residence time distribution), and the error of experimental data and calculated data of both models are 0. 07 % - 0. 1% and 0. 18 % - 0.45 % respectively. And, RTD of gas phase was also considered, results also show that gas in the whole column appears plug flow. The cleaning process through adding wash water in froth zone of column was described, and the effect of superficial air vdodty and superficial wash water vdocity on the cleaning action of froth zone were discussed. Flotation experiment for single column was conducted for phosphate ores. The recovery for P2Os was 85.8%, and the grade was 26.8%.     

石煤提钒的浮选工艺及吸附机理

针对传统石煤提钒工艺中钒回收率低、环境污染严重等问题,在工艺矿物学研究的基础上,采用浮选的方法对含钒石煤矿进行条件实验和闭路实验,设计出提钒浮选流程,并利用分子动力学模拟研究捕收剂分子在矿物解理面的吸附过程。结果表明:石煤中主要含钒矿物为钒云母,主要的脉石矿物为石英;通过闭路浮选实验,得到了五氧化二钒品位为3.20%(质量分数)、回收率为74.50%的钒精矿;捕收剂分子容易在钒云母(001)面发生吸附,而在石英(001)面几乎不吸附,从而实现了石煤中钒云母和石英的浮选分离。     

Selective flotation of smithsonite,quartz and calcite using alkyl diamine ether as collector

The flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite and quartz using a alkyl diamine ether (GE-609) as the collector was investigated through micro-flotation experiments and the real ore flotation experiments. The results show that GE-609 exhibits good collecting capability to three minerals without selectivity. The presence of sodium sulfide enhances the flotation of smithsonite and calcite while inhibits quartz. Moreover, both sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate exhibit good selective inhibition to calcite. The real ore test results show that a zinc concentrate containing 23.51% Zn with the recovery of 71.02% is obtained in the closed-circuit test. To understand the adsorption of GE-609 on smithsonite surface, zeta potential measurement and FTIR analysis were carried out, and the results indicate that the collector GE-609 can adsorb on smithsonite surface through both electrostatic adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the presence of sodium sulfide enhances the adsorption of GE-609.