弧光离子源耦合轴向磁场等离子体渗氮处理奥氏体不锈钢

目的 提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度、抗磨损性能。方法 利用弧光离子源耦合轴向磁场,对奥氏体不锈钢表面进行等离子体渗氮处理。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜对渗氮层表面形貌及厚度进行分析。利用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机、维氏显微硬度测试仪对渗氮试样的耐磨损性能及硬度进行分析。使用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪对渗氮层表面的相结构及成分进行分析。结果 当磁场强度低于80 Gs时,渗氮层主要以扩张奥氏体相（γN相）为主。随着磁场强度的增加,渗氮层中逐渐析出铁氮化物及氮化铬相,渗氮层厚度出现增加—减小—增加的变化趋势;渗氮层表面显微硬度先增加,当磁场强度为80 Gs时达到最大值1100 HV0.05,而后略有降低。与未渗氮样品相比,渗氮样品的磨损率明显降低,磁场强度为80 Gs的样品磨损率达到最低值。结论 弧光离子源耦合到轴向磁场后,不仅大大提高了渗氮效率,对渗氮样品的表面显微硬度及耐磨性也都有明显提高。     

AISI304奥氏体不锈钢阳极渗氮层的组织与摩擦磨损性能

为避免传统直流离子渗氮存在的表面打弧和边缘效应等弊端,采用活性屏阳极渗氮法对AISI 304奥氏体不锈钢进行表面处理。将样品放置于阳极电位,在440~520℃范围内,渗氮处理8 h。分析了渗氮层的微观组织结构与形貌,并考察了渗氮前后的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:在低温440℃下,在表面制备了高硬度的S相强化层。XRD与TEM表明S相为面心立方结构,且无Cr N相析出。高温520℃渗氮表面硬度值(1100 HV0.1)是基体的5倍,但Cr N相明显析出。在干摩擦条件下,渗氮处理后的摩擦系数在0.8左右,相对渗氮前降低约0.2,特别是磨损率只有渗氮前的十分之一量级。磨损机制从原始基体的严重粘着转变为轻微的氧化和磨粒磨损。     

AISI 316不锈钢表面银氮复合共渗及其磨损和抗菌性能

为提高奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和耐磨性并赋予其良好的抗菌性能,应用改进的活性屏离子渗氮技术(ASPN)对AISI 316不锈钢进行了银氮(Ag-N)共渗处理。用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM、辉光放电光谱仪(GDOES)表征复合共渗层的成分和组织结构。对不锈钢基体(SS)和复合共渗层的显微硬度、空气和腐蚀介质中的磨损性能、抗腐蚀性能以及对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抗菌性能进行了分析。结果表明,Ag-N复合共渗处理后形成的复合共渗层连续致密,主要由Ag掺杂S相纳米结构沉积层和S相扩散层构成。复合共渗层表面硬度较基材提高了约3~4倍,干摩擦条件下的磨损量较基体最高降低了约84.6%。复合共渗处理后试样在人工模拟体液(SBF)中的耐蚀性较基体不锈钢略有降低,比磨损率较基体降低了约35%。抗菌试验表明,复合共渗层与金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)接触12 h后,达到了100%的杀菌率。     

离子渗氮AISI 420马氏体不锈钢耐蚀行为研究

采用不同温度对AISI 420马氏体不锈钢进行离子渗氮处理.借助光学显微镜和X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析了渗氮层的微观组织结构,利用显微硬度计测试了渗氮层的硬度分布,通过电化学极化曲线测试和盐雾腐蚀试验研究了离子渗氮AISI 420不锈钢在模拟工业环境中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:AISI 420不锈钢350℃低温离子渗氮层由ε-Fe3N和N过饱和固溶体αN相组成,其化学稳定性高,加之固溶Cr元素的联合作用,明显提高了AISI 420不锈钢基材的腐蚀抗力.AISI 420钢经450℃和550℃渗氮处理,渗氮层中的αN分解成了α相和CrN,造成基体贫Cr,降低了基材的耐蚀性能.马氏体不锈钢低温离子渗氮处理不仅可以提高表面硬度,而且可以获得良好的耐蚀性能.     

不锈钢表面含Cu功能梯度复合改性层的制备及抗菌性能

为提高奥氏体不锈钢(ASS)的耐磨性及赋予其抗菌性能,应用改进的活性屏离子渗氮(ASPN)技术,将纯铜冲孔板置于不锈钢冲孔板上面作为活性屏的顶盖,对316奥氏体不锈钢在低温下(430℃)进行表面渗氮处理,在其表面形成由含Cu抗菌沉积层和S相(氮在奥氏体中的过饱和固溶体γ_N)硬质支撑层组成的功能梯度复合改性层。用扫描电镜(SEM)及其所附能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征复合改性层的组织形貌、成分及相结构。用显微硬度计和往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了基体和复合改性层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,用金黄色葡萄球菌进行体外抗菌试验评价复合改性层的抗菌性能。结果表明,在偏压达到250 V后,形成了连续分布的硬质S相扩散层和含Cu沉积层组成的复合改性层。改性层表面最高硬度可达928 HV0.05,与Si₃N₄小球对磨时比磨损率较基体降低约57.76%,显著提高了不锈钢的耐磨性。抗菌试验表明,复合改性层与金黄色葡萄球菌接触24 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率提高到98.5%。改进的活性屏离子渗氮技术制备的功能梯度复合改性层可以有效提高...     

工件电位对奥氏体不锈钢活性屏离子渗氮的影响

用活性屏离子渗氮技术分别对处于悬浮电位和阳极电位的AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢进行低温渗氮处理.并对渗氮层的组织、形貌、相结构、显微硬度和耐蚀性能进行分析.结果表明,在这两种电位状态下处理的试样均可获得具有S相结构特征的单相硬化层.渗氮层不仅具有高的硬度,还有良好的耐蚀性能.在活性屏离子渗氮过程中,从活性屏上溅射下来的中性S相粒子也可以起到氮载体的作用.活性屏空间中性粒子和电子的撞击足以消除不锈钢表面钝化膜对氮的阻隔作用.     

添加合金元素对奥氏体不锈钢等离子渗氮和渗碳的影响

奥氏体不锈钢众所周知有良好的耐蚀性,但是在工业上没有用于承受摩擦的工件上,因为它的硬度低,摩擦磨损性能差。奥氏体不锈钢经低温等离子体渗氮或渗碳能生成一层特殊的氮化物或碳化物层,称为S相,它具有高的硬度和优良的耐蚀性。这项研究中各种奥氏体不锈钢都经低温等离子体渗氮或渗碳,用各种分析技术研究了添加合金元素对S相特性的影响,用了光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察,做了X射线衍射分析,在5%H2SO4溶液中测量阳极极化,用球对平面摩擦装置做摩擦磨损测试。氮化物或碳化物层厚度随处理温度增加而加厚,AISI316钢上生成的渗层厚度是所有的基体钢材中最厚的。超过临界温度,由于氮化铬工碳化铬沉淀使耐蚀性降低。临界温度由渗氮的基材决定。另一方面,在渗碳层中临界温度不随基材变化。大部分样品上S相层的耐蚀性比没有处理的不锈钢的低。但是,AISI316和JIS-SUS304J3钢在400℃渗碳后都有和未处理钢一样优良的耐蚀性。每种不锈钢经渗氮或渗碳后耐磨性都有明显的改进。     

F51双相不锈钢离子渗氮层的组织与性能

目的提高F51双相不锈钢的硬度以及耐磨性能。方法将F51双相不锈钢进行低温(450℃)和高温(550℃)离子渗氮处理,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察F51双相不锈钢渗氮层的微观组织,利用X射线衍射(XRD)方法对渗氮层沿深度方向相组成的变化进行分析,采用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损实验机分别对渗氮层的显微硬度及耐磨性能进行测试,采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)对磨痕形貌进行观察。结果F51双相不锈钢低温渗氮层主要由N相组成,由表及里为N N+N(少量);高温渗氮层主要由CrN+N相组成,由表及里为CrN+N N+N。高温渗氮层厚度约为低温渗氮层厚度的3倍。低温渗氮样品的平均表面硬度约为基体表面硬度的3.5倍;高温渗氮样品的平均表面硬度约为基体硬度的4倍。基体的摩擦系数约为0.71,低温和高温渗氮处理后样品的摩擦系数大大降低,分别为0.24和0.17。渗氮样品磨痕的宽度和深度较基体显著降低。结论F51双相不锈钢低温渗氮层主要由N相组成,高温渗氮层主要由CrN+N相组成,两种温度渗氮后的样品硬度和耐磨性均得到显著提高。     

渗扩时间比对AISI 316不锈钢渗氮层组织与性能的影响

采用真空两段渗氮工艺,在不同的强渗、扩散时间下对AISI 316不锈钢进行渗氮处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、显微硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验等分析了渗氮层的组织和性能。结果表明,经过12 h的真空渗氮后,AISI 316不锈钢表面形成了一层由γ′-Fe₄N、ε-Fe_2-3N和CrN等相组成的渗氮层,其表面硬度和耐磨性能相较于基体均有明显的提高。其中,渗扩时间比为1∶1(强渗6 h、扩散6 h)时的渗层厚度约为96 μm,表面硬度约为1069 HV0.5,是基体表面硬度的4.5倍,在20 N载荷下的磨损量约为基体的1/3;渗扩时间比为1∶2(强渗4 h、扩散8 h)时的渗层厚度约为120 μm,ε-Fe_2-3N相衍射峰增强,在20 N载荷下的磨损量约为基体的1/30。延长扩散时间能增加渗氮层厚度,改善表面形貌,进一步提高不锈钢的耐磨性。     

离子渗氮温度对不锈钢组织及性能的影响

对1Cr18NigTi、1Cr13、0Cr18Ni9不锈钢进行了不同温度的离子渗氮.利用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察了渗氮层显微组织形貌;利用能谱仪测试了渗层中元素的含量及分布情况;利用HVS-1000型数显显微硬度计测定了渗层不同深度处的硬度变化;采用改制的摩擦磨损试验机测试了渗氮层的摩擦磨损特性;利用盐雾腐蚀试验箱测试了渗氮层的耐腐蚀性.结果表明,随渗氮温度增加,3种钢的渗层表层组织中氮化物量减少,高氮浓度的ε相转变为γ'相,440 ℃渗氮形成了氮在基体中的过饱和固溶相;1Cr13不锈钢比1Cr18Ni9Ti及0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的渗层厚;渗层表面硬度降低,但从表面向心部的峰值硬度增加;在一定范围内渗层耐磨性降低,但比未渗氮试样均提高4倍左右;渗层的耐盐雾腐蚀性降低,但440℃的低温渗层的耐蚀性与未渗氮试样差不多.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.