金鸡菊属药用植物研究进展

金鸡菊属植物约有100种,主要分布于美洲、非洲南部及夏威夷群岛等地,其中我国常见的该属植物有7种。金鸡菊属植物两色金鸡菊Coreopsis tinctoria为我国维吾尔族民间草药雪菊的基原植物,《中华本草》名曰蛇目菊,具有清热解毒、化湿止痢之功效。金鸡菊属植物的化学成分主要为黄酮类、苯丙素类、倍半萜类、聚炔类及甾醇类,具有抗炎等多种活性。该文综述了金鸡菊属植物的化学成分和药理作用,并对其开发前景进行了展望,以期为该属植物的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

甜荞麦花叶化学成分研究

目的 :研究甜荞麦Fagopyrum esculentum花叶的化学成分。 方法 :采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法等进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。 结果 :从荞麦花叶中分离鉴定了8个化合物,分别为槲皮素(1),山奈酚(2),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮苷(4),木犀草素-7-O-β-葡萄糖苷(5),芦丁(6)胡萝卜苷(7),β-谷甾醇(8)。 结论 :化合物3,5为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1,2,4,6为首次从甜荞麦花叶中分离得到。     

山胡椒属药用植物化学成分研究进展

对山胡椒属植物所含化学成分进行分类综述,归纳出黄酮、生物碱和倍半萜为该属植物所含主要化学成分,为今后山胡椒属植物的开发利用奠定基础。     

鹅掌柴属化学成分与药理活性研究进展

鹅掌柴属Schefflera植物是五加科Araliaceae无刺乔木或灌木,广泛分布于两半球的热带与亚热带区域,在中国主要分布于西南与东南地区。该属中多种植物可以药用,常被用于治疗风湿痹痛、跌打肿痛、骨折、头痛、牙痛、腰痛、脘腹疼痛等多种疼痛。该属植物的化学成分主要是三萜及其皂苷类,除此还有长链化合物、甾体及其苷类、倍半萜、有机酸、苄苷类、单糖及寡糖、木脂素、醌类、二萜等。药理活性主要表现在镇痛抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、受体结合活性、抗过敏、抗疟疾等方面。为了更好的开发利用本属药用植物,该文综述了该属植物的化学成分与药理活性的研究进展。     

绵枣儿属药用植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

绵枣儿属Scilla植物是百合科多年生草本,约90种,广布于欧洲、亚洲和非洲的温带地区,少数也见于热带山地。我国产1种和1变种,即绵枣儿和白绿绵枣儿。该属中多种植物可以药用,常被用于治疗跌打损伤,腰腿疼痛、筋骨痛等。该属植物的化学成分主要是尤可甾醇衍生的三萜及其糖苷、蟾蜍甾、高异黄酮、生物碱、二苯乙烯及少量的木脂素等。药理活性主要表现在抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和糖苷酶抑制等方面。为了更好地开发利用本属药用植物,该文综述了其化学成分与药理活性的研究进展。     

山芎属植物化学成分及生物活性的研究进展

山芎属植物在我国的分布主要包括山芎、台湾山芎、鞘山芎,其中有关鞘山芎的研究较多,而其余两种植物的研究较少。文章综述了近年来山芎属植物的化学成分及其生物活性的研究进展,为今后对该属植物资源的开发和利用提供一些参考。     

江香薷极性成分的研究

目的: 研究江香薷Mosla chinensis 'jiangxiangru'的化学成分。 方法: 利用葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、硅胶和MPLC等色谱方法进行化合物的分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质、光谱数据进行结构鉴定。 结果: 从江香薷正丁醇部位分离得到6个化合物,分别为:methyl-3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate(1)、corchoionoside C(2)、prunasin(野樱苷,3)、 sambunigrin(4)、benzyl-D-glucopyranoside(苯甲基-D-葡萄糖苷,5)和 (s)-pencedanol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6)。 结论: 所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,也是首次从石荠苎属植物中分离得到。     

山胡椒属植物药理作用研究进展

樟科山胡椒属植物具有丰富的化学成分和多种药理活性,对近20年发表的山胡椒属植物药理作用研究进行归纳总结,为进一步研究开发该属药用植物资源提供参考依据。     

细梗胡枝子三萜类化学成分的研究

目的 :研究细梗胡枝子全草的化学成分。 方法 :采用现代色谱技术对其进行分离和纯化,根据光谱数据和理化性质鉴定化合物结构。 结果 :从细梗胡枝子70％乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离鉴定了8个三萜类化合物,分别为马斯里酸(Ⅰ)、2α-羟基熊果酸(Ⅱ)、β-香树脂醇(Ⅲ)、α-香树脂醇(Ⅳ)、木栓醇(Ⅴ)、白桦脂酸(Ⅵ)、羽扇豆醇(Ⅶ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅷ)。 结论: 化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅶ和Ⅷ为首次从胡枝子属植物中分离得到,Ⅳ和Ⅵ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

龙胆属植物中的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

结合国内外文献综述了龙胆属植物化学成分的研究进展,并对该属药用植物的药理活性进行了总结.龙胆属植物含有多种化学成分,主要有环烯醚萜及裂环环烯醚萜、(口山)酮、黄酮等;其中环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类成分90多种,(口山)酮类成分100多种,黄酮类成分34种,黄酮类成分主要从该属植物的地上部分得到.该属植物具有显著的保肝、利胆、抗炎、抗病毒等活性.     

The genus Desmodium (Fabaceae)-traditional uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Plants of the genus Desmodium (Fabaceae), such as Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. and Desmodium gyrans (L. f.) DC., have a long history of medical use in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat various ailments including rheumatism, pyrexia, dysentery, wounds, cough, malaria, hepatitis, hemoptysis, etc. In the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, most species have the effect of relieving internal heat or fever, neutralizing toxins, inhibiting pain, invigorating blood circulation, suppressing cough and alleviating dyspnea.

Materials and methods

A bibliographic investigation was accomplished by analyzing secondary sources including Chinese Herbal Classics, and worldwide accepted scientific databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, SciFinder) were scrutinized for the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Desmodium species.

Results

The genus Desmodium is a large member of the Papilionaceae (Fabaceae) family. It contains about 350 plant species used for both feeding stuffs and herbal medicines, of which only about 30 species have been phytochemically or pharmacologically investigated. Desmodium plant extracts, as well as the active principles, have been experimentally studied for their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antinephrolithic, antibacterial, and nootropic activities in vitro or in vivo. And so far, a total of 212 compounds have been isolated from 15 Desmodium species and characterized mainly as flavonoids and alkaloids, followed by terpenoids, steroids, phenols, phenylpropanoids, glycosides and a number of volatile oils. The remaining unrevealed species are recorded chiefly in Asia and Africa being used in empirical treatment for various diseases.

Conclusions

Desmodium species have long been used in TCM to treat various ailments. Available scientific references revealed that the traditional medical uses of some important Desmodium species in TCM have been evaluated by modern pharmacological studies. As literature demonstrated, flavonoids and alkaloids are perhaps responsible for most of the activities shown by the plants of this genus. Further studies are still required to reveal the structure-activity relationship of these active constituents.     

The genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae): Chemical and pharmacological perspectives

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Twenty six species of the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) have been traditionally used in various systems of medicine for the treatment of ailments such as nervous disorders, syphilis, gout, malaria, dysentry, rheumatism, asthma, and as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antitumour, antibacterial and anticancer.

Aim of the review

To emphasize on ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, pharmacology, toxicology and clinical studies of various species of the genus Clematis.

Materials and methods

The available information on Clematis species was collected through electronic search of major scientific databases.

Results

A survey of literature revealed that triterpene saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, coumarins, macrocyclic compounds, phenolic glycosides, anemonin and volatile oils constitute major classes of chemical constituents in the genus Clematis. Preliminary analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antiarthritis, hepatoprotective, hypotensive and HIV-1 protease inhibitor activity studies have been carried out on crude extracts of 26 traditionally used and medicinally promising species of Clematis genus.

Conclusions

The species of the genus Clematis emerged as good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Although few experimental studies validated their traditional claims, but employed uncharacterized crude extracts. Such Clematis species need to be explored properly following bioactivity-directed fractionation with a view to isolate bioactive constituents, and to evaluate their possible mode of actions. These species hold great potential for detailed clinical studies so that these could be exploited as potential drugs. The review will help researchers to select medicinally potential species of Clematis genus for future research.     

五层龙属植物的化学成分研究进展

目的：观察参乌健脑胶囊治疗老年慢性失眠（脏腑虚损、精血不足证）的疗效及对血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平的影响。方法：120例患者随机按数字法分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组服用乌灵胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。观察组服用参乌健脑胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组疗程均为8周。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评价治疗前后睡眠质量;进行治疗前后抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分;记录治疗前后中医证候评分;检测治疗前后血清TNF-α和IL-6水平。结果：观察组疾病疗效总有效率为91.67%,对照组为76.67%,观察组优于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后观察组PSQI睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能等各维度评分均低于对照组（P<0.01）;观察组治疗后PSQI总分和中医证候评分低于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗后SDS和SAS组间比较差异无统计学意义;治疗后两组血清TNF-α水平较治疗前上升,观察组高于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗后两组血清IL-6水平均比治疗前下降,观察组低于对照组（P<0.01）。结论：参乌健脑胶囊治疗老年失眠（脏腑虚损、精血不足证）临床疗效显著,其作用机制可能与升高血清TNF-α水平和降低IL-6水平有关。     

乌骨藤脂溶性成分抗肿瘤活性及其成分分析

目的:研究乌骨藤脂溶性成分的抗肿瘤活性,并分析其化学成分。方法:采用超临界流体萃取法提取中药乌骨藤的脂溶性成分,采用MTT法研究其对人肝癌细胞系HepG-2细胞的细胞毒活性,并利用气相-质谱联用技术分析其化学成分。结果:乌骨藤脂溶性成分对人肝癌细胞系HepG-2细胞有明显的细胞毒活性,同时分析了其化学成分,鉴定了其中24个化合物,并测定了相对含量。结论:乌骨藤的脂溶性成分具有抗肿瘤活性,其药理活性与所含有的化学成分相关。     

苦苣菜属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

通过中国科学院上海药物研究所图书数据库平台查阅国内外有关苦苣菜属植物的化学成分与药理作用的报道.对菊科苦苣菜属植物的化学成分及其药理作用研究的内容进行文献整理和分析.苦苣菜属的化学成分较为复杂,研究主要集中在倍半萜内酯及其苷类成分,药理活性的研究主要集中在抗肿瘤和抗氧化的作用上,该属一些植物已作为保健食品.作者对近20年国内外报道该属成分的化学结构、主要生物活性及其在植物中的分布进行了归纳,以期为该属植物的深入研究和开发提供一定参考依据.     

红厚壳属植物中色满酮衍生物的研究进展

红厚壳属植物具有很高的药用价值,常作为民间药物用于治疗疾病,如牙痛、风湿、腹泻、慢性胃溃疡、皮肤感染以及创伤.该属植物富含色满酮衍生物,且此类次生代谢产物具有抗病毒、抗真菌、抗细菌以及细胞毒等药理活性.为了对红厚壳属植物中的色满酮衍生物有更完整的了解,以便从我国红厚壳属植物中寻找新的活性成分,故对该属植物中色满酮衍生物的化学结构和药理活性进行了概述,并探讨了此类成分可能的生源途径.     

Terminalia macroptera, its current medicinal use and future perspectives

The tree Terminalia macroptera (Combretaceae) is widespread in Western Africa, and in this area, different parts have been utilized in the treatment of various diseases. In this article, we report on the medicinal use of T. macroptera in three different districts in Mali (Siby, Dioïla and Dogonland), based on interviews with 78 healers in these districts. Roots, root bark, stem bark, leaves and fruits have all been employed by healers, as has parasitic Loranthus species growing on the tree. Major areas of use comprise treatment of wounds and sores, infections, pain, cough, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Some of the medicinal uses of T. macroptera appear to be rationally explained by its chemical constituents.     

松萝属地衣类化学成分及药理活性研究进展

目的:总结松萝属地农的化学成分及药理活性研究进展.方法:通过系统地文献调研,对松萝属地衣化学成分进行分类归纳,并对该属地衣的主要药理活性研究现状进行综述.结果:松萝属地农含有多种化学成分,主要有单取代苯环类、缩酚类、蒽醌类、二苯并呋喃类、甾体类、萜类、脂肪酸类等成分以及多糖,具有抗肿瘤,抗菌,抗炎、抗氧化、抗血栓等生物活性.结论:为松萝属地衣的进一步研究、开发提供了有益的参考.     

龙眼肉的化学成分与药理作用研究进展

目的: 综述国内外学者对龙眼肉药材的研究近况。 方法: 通过检索近几年的国内及国外文献,对文献中所记载的有关龙眼肉的化学成分、药理研究等方面进行归纳,整理和分析。 结果与结论: 龙眼肉含有丰富的活性成分,具有多种药理作用,为龙眼肉的进一步深入研究与开发提供了参考。