山蚂蝗属植物化学成分与生物活性研究进展

豆科Leguminosae山蚂蝗属Desmodium植物的化学成分主要为萜类、黄酮类、甾体、生物碱类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗菌消炎、保肝,解热镇痛、利胆利尿等药理活性。该文综述了2003年来山蚂蟥属20余种植物的化学成分及生物活性研究进展,为该属植物的研究与利用提供理论依据。     

鹅掌柴属化学成分与药理活性研究进展

鹅掌柴属Schefflera植物是五加科Araliaceae无刺乔木或灌木,广泛分布于两半球的热带与亚热带区域,在中国主要分布于西南与东南地区。该属中多种植物可以药用,常被用于治疗风湿痹痛、跌打肿痛、骨折、头痛、牙痛、腰痛、脘腹疼痛等多种疼痛。该属植物的化学成分主要是三萜及其皂苷类,除此还有长链化合物、甾体及其苷类、倍半萜、有机酸、苄苷类、单糖及寡糖、木脂素、醌类、二萜等。药理活性主要表现在镇痛抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、受体结合活性、抗过敏、抗疟疾等方面。为了更好的开发利用本属药用植物,该文综述了该属植物的化学成分与药理活性的研究进展。     

玉簪属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

本文综述了玉簪属植物的化学成分及药理活性方面的研究进展。该属植物主要含甾体、黄酮、生物碱、脂肪酸类等化学成分,药理研究表明该属植物及其中所含成分具有抗炎、抗肿瘤等方面的药理活性。对该属植物进行进一步的研究和开发具有重要意义。     

金鸡菊属药用植物研究进展

金鸡菊属植物约有100种,主要分布于美洲、非洲南部及夏威夷群岛等地,其中我国常见的该属植物有7种。金鸡菊属植物两色金鸡菊Coreopsis tinctoria为我国维吾尔族民间草药雪菊的基原植物,《中华本草》名曰蛇目菊,具有清热解毒、化湿止痢之功效。金鸡菊属植物的化学成分主要为黄酮类、苯丙素类、倍半萜类、聚炔类及甾醇类,具有抗炎等多种活性。该文综述了金鸡菊属植物的化学成分和药理作用,并对其开发前景进行了展望,以期为该属植物的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

云实属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

目的：对云实属植物化学成分及药理活性的研究进展作一综述。方法：通过系统文献调研，对该属植物的化学成分进行分类归纳，并对该属植物的主要药理活性研究进行综述。结果：云实属植物中含有单宁、萜类、黄酮类、氨基酸类、生物碱类等多种化学成分；该属植物多具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗癌、抗疟疾等药理活性。结论：大量研究表明，云实属植物含有多种化学成分，并具有较强的药理活性，所以该属植物具有广阔的开发前景和较大的利用价值，本文为云实属植物的进一步研究开发提供了科学依据。     

天胡荽属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

伞形科天胡荽属植物是我国民间常用药物。其化学成分主要有黄酮类、三萜类、挥发油类、植物甾醇类等,该属植物有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗菌、肝损伤保护等多种药理活性。通过对天胡荽属植物国内外文献进行查阅整理,系统综述该属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,为综合利用与深入研究该药用植物资源提供理论依据。     

素馨属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

介绍了素馨属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究概况。该属植物主要含挥发油、脂肪酸、生物碱、黄酮类、环烯醚萜苷等化学成分 ,药理研究表明其成分具有麻醉、镇静、镇痛、神经系统和毒性等多方面药理活性。该属植物在我国资源非常丰富 ,对其进行进一步的研究和开发具有重要意义。     

狼毒属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

近年来,国内外学者对瑞香科Thymelaeaceae狼毒属Stellera植物的化学成分及药理活性进行了较为深入的研究,发现该属植物的化学成分主要包括萜类、香豆素、黄酮、木脂素及挥发油等化合物;药理学研究表明狼毒属植物中二萜及双黄酮成分具有抗肿瘤、抗HIV病毒以及免疫调节等方面的活性。该文对狼毒属植物的化学成分及药理活性方面的研究进行了系统综述,以期为该属植物活性物质的深入研究、药用价值的提升及其综合开发利用提供科学依据。     

海桐花属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

海桐花属植物中含有多种化学成分,按结构类型主要有三萜及其苷、倍半萜、类胡萝卜素、甾醇等化合物。海桐花属植物的粗提物和单体成分具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、保肝等药理活性。系统总结了该属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,为海桐花属植物的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

巴戟天属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

茜草科巴戟天属植物在国内外医药中有广泛的应用。其化学成分主要有醌类、环烯醚萜类、脂肪类、黄酮类等,该属植物有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌等多种药理活性。该文系统综述巴戟天属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究新进展,为该属植物的深入研究提供理论依据。     

Ethnobotany,phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Caragana used in traditional Chinese medicine

The genus Caragana is a member of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae and is native to arid and semi-arid areas of the temperate zones of Asia and Eastern Europe. Many species are cultured for dune-fixation, livestock forage and biological resources for fuel energy and fiber production. More than 10 species in this genus have a long history of use in traditional Chinese, Mongolian and Tibetan medicines and are believed to “nourish yin, invigorate the spleen, temper the blood and promote blood flow”. They have been used for the treatment of a wide range of ailments including fevers, inflammation, wounds and infections, dizziness, headache, hypertension, female disorders, arthritis and cancer. Over 100 phytochemicals have been identified with flavonoids and stilbenoids being the major constituents of this genus. Clinical studies have demonstrated the pharmacological activities of different Caraganum species, e.g. Caragana sinica for the treatment of hypertension, and in vivo and/or in vitro studies have provided some support for other traditional uses, e.g. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, phytoestrogenic, immunostimulant and immunosuppressant activities. However, further studies to identify the active components and further verify the pharmacological activities are warranted. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Caragana.     

A review of the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Sapium

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Several species from the genus Sapium possess a broad range of medicinal properties and they have been used as traditional medicines by indigenous groups in several regions such as Malaysia, Africa, Southern China and Bolivia. Most of the species reported to possess therapeutic effects which are used for the treatment of skin-related diseases such as eczema and dermatitis, but they may also be used for overstrain, lumbago, constipation and hernia. Species of this genus are also used to treat wounds and snake bites. In addition, the saps/latex of Sapium glandulosum, Sapium indicum and Sapium sebiferum have/has toxic effects and are used as bird and fish poisons. This review discusses the current knowledge of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicities of species from the genus Sapium to reveal their therapeutic potentials and gaps offering opportunities for future research.

Materials and methods

This review is based on a literature study of scientific journals and books from libraries and electronic sources, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed and ACS.

Results

As many as 65 compounds are included in this review. They belong to different classes of compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids and several other types of compounds, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids and amides. The pharmacological studies revealed that various types of preparations, extracts and single compounds of species from this genus exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. However, Sapium glandulosum, Sapium indicum and Sapium sebiferum were reported to possess toxic effects and Sapium sebiferum was found to contain phorbol esters acting as a tumor-promoting agent.

Conclusion

The genus Sapium consists of 23 accepted (high confidence) species. However, only very few of species have been phytochemically and pharmacologically studied. There is great potential to discover new chemical constituents from this genus because only a few species have been phytochemically investigated thus far. Only 27 compounds of 65 identified compounds have been studied for their biological activities. Several extracts and single compounds from this genus were reported to exhibit interesting biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the toxicity studies of some phorbol esters suggested that the compounds acted as potential tumor-promoting agents by stimulating protein kinase C. This is an interesting fact in which a plant with medicinal properties also possesses toxic effects as well. Therefore, more clinical studies on the toxicity of the extracts of the plants and the compounds isolated from this genus are also crucial to ensure their safety and to assess their eligibility for use as sources for modern medicines.     

红厚壳属植物中色满酮衍生物的研究进展

红厚壳属植物具有很高的药用价值,常作为民间药物用于治疗疾病,如牙痛、风湿、腹泻、慢性胃溃疡、皮肤感染以及创伤.该属植物富含色满酮衍生物,且此类次生代谢产物具有抗病毒、抗真菌、抗细菌以及细胞毒等药理活性.为了对红厚壳属植物中的色满酮衍生物有更完整的了解,以便从我国红厚壳属植物中寻找新的活性成分,故对该属植物中色满酮衍生物的化学结构和药理活性进行了概述,并探讨了此类成分可能的生源途径.     

肉豆蔻属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

肉豆蔻科肉豆蔻属植物全球约有120余种,分布于南亚,从玻利尼西亚西部、大洋洲、印度东部至菲律宾。国内外学者已从该属植物中分离得到164个化合物,其中大部分是木脂素,此外还包括苯丙素、黄酮和酚类成分等,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌、降血糖、保肝等生物活性。该文总结了该属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展,为综合利用与深入开展该药用植物资源提供参考依据。     

紫堇属藏药的化学与药理学研究进展

我国有紫堇属植物约298种,其中特有10组219种,广泛用于藏医藏药。紫堇属藏药主要用于感冒发烧、肝炎、水肿、胃炎、胆囊炎、高血压等多种疾病。其化学成分主要为异喹啉生物碱。现代药理学研究表明紫堇属植物对心血管系统、中枢神经系统、抗菌、镇痛、抗炎、保肝、抗氧化等,皆有明显的作用。该文对我国紫堇属藏药的种属、分布、化学成分、药理活性等进行系统综述,并对其相关研究现状和前景进行了展望,以期为紫堇属藏药的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

Sideritis spp.: uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities--a review

The genus Sideritis (Lamiaceae) comprises more than 150 perennial and annual vegetal species widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, together with Canary and Madeira islands. It is a controversial botanic genus, with a complex taxonomical classification due to the high number of hybridizations that occur between species; their study requires a deep research experience. Sideritis species have been traditionally used as teas for feeding, flavoring agents and in folk medicine as antiinflammatory, antiulcerative, antimicrobial, vulnerary, antioxidant, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, analgesic and carminative agents.The chemical components found in Sideritis genus include terpenes, flavonoids, essential oil, iridoids, coumarins, lignanes and sterols, among others. Diterpenes, flavonoids and essential oil occur in almost every species and are the main compounds responsible for the observed in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities.The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on the botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects from the genus Sideritis, with the objective of establishing scientific basis that explains its ethnopharmacological use.     

The genus Desmodium (Fabaceae)-traditional uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Plants of the genus Desmodium (Fabaceae), such as Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. and Desmodium gyrans (L. f.) DC., have a long history of medical use in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat various ailments including rheumatism, pyrexia, dysentery, wounds, cough, malaria, hepatitis, hemoptysis, etc. In the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, most species have the effect of relieving internal heat or fever, neutralizing toxins, inhibiting pain, invigorating blood circulation, suppressing cough and alleviating dyspnea.

Materials and methods

A bibliographic investigation was accomplished by analyzing secondary sources including Chinese Herbal Classics, and worldwide accepted scientific databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, SciFinder) were scrutinized for the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Desmodium species.

Results

The genus Desmodium is a large member of the Papilionaceae (Fabaceae) family. It contains about 350 plant species used for both feeding stuffs and herbal medicines, of which only about 30 species have been phytochemically or pharmacologically investigated. Desmodium plant extracts, as well as the active principles, have been experimentally studied for their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antinephrolithic, antibacterial, and nootropic activities in vitro or in vivo. And so far, a total of 212 compounds have been isolated from 15 Desmodium species and characterized mainly as flavonoids and alkaloids, followed by terpenoids, steroids, phenols, phenylpropanoids, glycosides and a number of volatile oils. The remaining unrevealed species are recorded chiefly in Asia and Africa being used in empirical treatment for various diseases.

Conclusions

Desmodium species have long been used in TCM to treat various ailments. Available scientific references revealed that the traditional medical uses of some important Desmodium species in TCM have been evaluated by modern pharmacological studies. As literature demonstrated, flavonoids and alkaloids are perhaps responsible for most of the activities shown by the plants of this genus. Further studies are still required to reveal the structure-activity relationship of these active constituents.     

Jacaranda—An ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review

The genus Jacaranda, an important representative of the tribe Tecomeae in the family Bignoniaceae, is interesting from both biological and chemical perspectives. In this review, a contemporary summary of biological and pharmacological research on Jacaranda species will be presented and critically evaluated. Significant findings in the treatment of protozoa-caused diseases as well as of skin illnesses have been presented in ethnobotanical reports and recent studies were performed on crude extracts for certain Jacaranda species. Jacaranone, the most important constituent isolated is known to possess anti-cancer activity. Recently, high cutaneous toxicity together with moderate activity against leishmaniasis was described. Very few additional data are available on the biological activities and cytotoxicity of pure compounds from Jacaranda.     

Medicinal plants of the genus Gelsemium (Gelsemiaceae,Gentianales)—A review of their phytochemistry,pharmacology, toxicology and traditional use

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In the genus Gelsemium, Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Champ.) Benth. has been recognized as a toxic plant that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia and has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid pain, neuropathic pain, spasticity, skin ulcers and cancers for many years. Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil. has been used since the nineteenth century in homeopathy for treating anxiety, neuralgia, migraine and spasmodic disorders, such as asthma and whooping cough in North America. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological research and toxicology of medicinal plants in the genus Gelsemium. The overall objective is to explore the evidence supporting its ethnopharmacological effectiveness.

Materials and methods

A literature survey was performed by searching the scientific databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus, Web of Science and the Chinese CNKI, in addition to traditional Chinese medicine and homeopathic texts for information on Gelsemium.

Results

Plants of the genus Gelsemium have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of migraines, neuralgia, sciatica, cancer and various types of sores. Studies into the phytochemical composition of this genus have shown that all of the species are rich sources of monoterpene indole alkaloids and that they have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their markedly diverse and complex architecture. To date, a total of 121 alkaloids have been isolated and identified from the genus. The crude extracts, as well as the monomeric compounds, from the genus possess anti-tumor, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating pharmacological activities.

Conclusion

It is evident from the available literature that Gelsemium species possess potential for use as a beneficial therapeutic remedy. However, the analysis of previous pharmacological research suggests that a clear assignment of active molecules and mechanisms of action is remain lacking. Due to their high toxicity, the studies available on toxicity and safety are inadequate for providing information on clinical utilization.