Study on the Mechanism of Compound Mistletoe Fluidextract in Relieving Hypertension

To observe the effect of Fufang Jisheng Liujin Gao （复方寄生流浸膏 Compound Mistletoe Fluidextract） on blood pressure in the spontaneous hypertensive rats （SHR） and the renal hypertensive dogs （RHD）. Methods： The blood pressure-decreasing effects of single administration and 14-day consecutive administration of Compound Mistletoe Fluidextract （CMF） in SHR and RHD were investigated and compared with that of Niuhuang Jiangya Wan （牛黄降压丸 Bezoar Hypertension-relieving Pills）. Results： Both single administration and 14-day consecutive administration of CMF had significant hypotensive effects in SHR and RHD. Conclusion： The hypotensive action of CMF is gradual, but lasts for a longer period, with a dose-effect relationship in a range of doses.     

清热降压胶囊抗高血压的实验效应及作用机制的研究

目的 观察清热降压胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)及左旋硝基精氨酸(L-NNA)诱导的高血压大鼠降压作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 采用套尾法测定大鼠清醒状态下尾动脉血压；采用酶联免疫吸附法测定SHR血浆肾素(Renin)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)及环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)；采用容积计量法测定SHR给药前后24 h尿量,采用电磁流量计计量法测定L-NNA诱导高血压大鼠主动脉血流量.结果 清热降压胶囊对SHR及L-NNA诱导的高血压大鼠均有抗高血压作用,而且能减慢心率,降低SHR血浆Renin和AngⅡ,提高血浆cAMP浓度,增加L-NNA诱导的高血压大鼠的主动脉血流量,增加SHR 24 h尿量的作用.结论 清热降压胶囊具有良好的抗高血压作用,其机制与降低血浆Renin和AngⅡ含量、提高血浆cAMP浓度和降低血容量有关.     

黄连清降合剂对自发性高血压大鼠影响的实验研究

选用自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR) ,观察黄连清降合剂的降压效应及作用机制。结果表明 ,黄连清降合剂对 SHR单次给药和连续 14d给药均有明显的降压效应 ,降压作用起效较慢、维持时间较长 ,其机制与降低血浆(清 ) ET、TNFα、L PO、Ang ,升高血清 NO、红细胞 SOD等因素密切相关     

钩藤碱对自发性高血压大鼠心肌保护作用实验研究

目的:研究钩藤碱(Rhy)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压效果及对心肌的保护作用。方法:将自发性高血压大鼠分为正常组、SHR模型组、阳性对照组(Cap 6.25mg/kg)、Rhy低(1.25mg/kg)、中(2.50mg/kg)、高(5.00mg/kg)剂量组,连续给药3周,用药期间观察各组大鼠的一般状态,每周测定各组大鼠尾动脉收缩压、心肌肥厚指数、心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ、血清NO及NOS含量指标。结果:(1)Rhy可显著改善SHR的一般状态;(2)Rhy给药3周可显著降低SHR尾动脉收缩压,与SHR模型组及用药前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);(3)Rhy可显著降低心肌AngⅡ含量并增加NO及NOS的活性,与SHR对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);结论:Rhy对自发性高血压大鼠有显著的降压作用,且对心肌有保护作用。     

无患子皂苷对大鼠动脉血压影响的实验研究

目的:研究无患子皂苷(sapindussaponin,Sap)对大鼠动脉血压的影响和降压作用的时效关系。方法:①将原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)分为模型对照组、阳性对照组、Sap大、中、小剂量组,每组又均分为单次给药、连续给药7d两批动物进行实验,末次药后进行颈总动脉插管,用MedlabU/4CS生物信号采集处理系统分别测量给药40min后各时间点大鼠血压变化情况;②对正常大鼠血压的影响,实验方法同①。结果:①对SHR,Sap单次给药后,大、中剂量有明显的降压作用,与模型组比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。连续用药7d后,3个剂量组均有明显的降压效果,与模型组比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。②对正常大鼠,Sap各剂量不论是单次给药还是连续给药对动脉血压均无明显降低作用。结论:Sap单次给药和连续给药7d对SHR动脉压均有显著降压作用;单次和连续给药对正常大鼠动脉血压无显著影响。     

中药复方联合水解酪蛋白肽对自发性高血压大鼠的降压作用及机制探讨

目的:考察中药复方(何首乌、罗布麻、丹参)联合水解酪蛋白肽对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:分别采用SD大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠,实验前随机分为正常对照组、高血压模型组、卡托普利组、水解酪蛋白肽组、中药复方组及中药复方+水解酪蛋白肽低、中、高剂量组,每周测定尾动脉收缩压,连续给药4 w,末次给药24 h后,采用ELISA法检测大鼠血浆儿茶酚胺、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALS)水平和血清肾胺酶、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)含量,检测大鼠血脂水平。结果:水解酪蛋白肽配伍中药复方何首乌、罗布麻、丹参可显著降低SHR尾动脉收缩压并能显著降低大鼠血浆儿茶酚胺、AngⅡ、ALS及血清ET-1、TC、TG、LDL-C水平,升高血清肾胺酶、NO水平(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:水解酪蛋白肽配伍中药复方何首乌、罗布麻、丹参有良好的降压效果,配伍用药明显优于单独用药,主要通过调节血脂、交感神经-肾上腺素系统、肾素-血管紧张素系统、血管内皮紧张因子-收缩因子系统等机制来降低血压。     

灵芝三萜类物质抗高血压实验研究

目的研究灵芝三萜类物质对原发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)的降压作用。方法以SHR和正常wistar-kyoto(WKY)大鼠为实验对象,1次ig给药,观察灵芝三萜类物质对SHR和WKY血压的影响。结果给药剂量分别为450 mg/kg(体重)和900 mg/kg(体重)时,灵芝三萜类物质对SHR大鼠具有显著降压效果(P<0.05或P<0.01),3 h后降压幅度分别达(20.5±11.9)mmHg和(25.1±13.8)mmHg;给药3 h后SHR血压降至最低点,此后15 h内血压趋于稳定,15 h后SHR血压开始回升,至21 h血压基本恢复到给药前水平,且灵芝三萜类物质对正常WKY大鼠无明显降压作用。相同质量(45 g)灵芝子实体和菌丝体灵芝三萜提取物喂食SHR大鼠,子实体提取物具有明显降压效果(P<0.05),而菌丝体提取物降压效果不明显。结论灵芝三萜类物质对SHR大鼠具有明显的降压作用。     

盐酸乌拉地尔滴鼻剂对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的观察自制盐酸乌拉地尔滴鼻剂对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用。方法将自发性高血压大鼠9只SHR在清醒状态下随机分成3组,实验组3只在清醒状态下予盐酸乌拉地尔滴鼻剂滴鼻给药,阳性对照组予盐酸乌拉地尔注射剂尾静脉注射给药,阴性对照组予生理盐水滴鼻。给药后即测尾动脉血压。结果实验组和阳性对照组降压作用与生理盐水组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论自制盐酸乌拉地尔滴鼻剂能够使自发性高血压大鼠血压迅速降低。     

川牛膝醇提物对自发性高血压大鼠血压及血管紧张素转换酶表达的影响

目的:探讨川牛膝醇提物对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用以及对SHR肾脏的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)表达的影响。方法:将40只SHR随机分为5组采用尾动脉测压法测量给药前及给药后4、8周SHR收缩压,于给药8周后,检测肾脏的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的表达水平。结果:给药8周后,川牛膝醇提物明显降低了SHR的血压,其中高剂量组的降压幅度与依那普利组比较无显著性差异,但中、低剂量组与依那普利组仍有显著性差异,同时川牛膝各组均能降低大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的表达。结论:川牛膝醇提物的降压作用与降低肾脏的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的表达水平有关。     

复方钩藤片对自发性高血压大鼠的降压作用及其机制

目的 初步探讨复方钩藤片对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用及机制.方法 选择16周龄雄性SHR 40只分为:模型组,复方钩藤片高、中、低剂量组,替米沙坦组,另纳入8只同龄雄性WKY大鼠为正常对照组,干预持续28d.采用无创尾动脉法观察复方钩藤片对SHR的降压作用;放免分析法测定血浆醛同酮、内皮素含量;HR染色观察肾、海马组织的形态学变化.结果 复方钩藤片高、中剂量可明显降低血压、血浆醛固酮、内皮素的含量,与模型组比较有显著差异;同时可明显减轻肾、脑的病理损害.结论 复方钩藤片对SHR有降压作用,其降压机制可能与降低SHR血浆醛固酮、内皮索的含量有关.     

益肾平肝方对肝阳上亢型高血压大鼠血压及炎性细胞因子的影响

目的观察益肾平肝方对肝阳上亢型高血压大鼠血压及血IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的影响。方法采用自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)加灌服附子汤剂复制肝阳上亢型高血压模型。将复制成功的肝阳上亢型高血压大鼠随机分为中药组(7只,给予益肾平肝方)、西药组(7只,给予洛汀新),模型组(7只,给予蒸馏水),并以WKY大鼠作正常对照组(7只,给予蒸馏水)。测量各组大鼠干预后血压,并用ELISA法测大鼠血IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血压、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,中药组、西药组血压、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量明显降低(P<0.01);中药组和西药组比较,各项指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论益肾平肝方可以降低SHR血压和血IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量。     

青钱柳叶水提物对Nω-硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐诱导的高血压大鼠的影响

目的:探讨青钱柳叶水提物对Nω-硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(L-NAME,Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride)诱导的高血压大鼠的影响.方法:用L-NAME ig给药4周复制高血压大鼠模型.将40只高血压大鼠随机分为模型组、青钱柳叶水提物低、中、高剂量组(3.0,6.0,12.0 g·kg-1·d-1)和卡托普利组(0.010 g·kg-1·d-1),每组8只.另外正常8只SD大鼠作为空白组.采用无创尾动脉测压法,每周测定大鼠血压1次,共6周.计算大鼠左心室质量指数和肾脏质量指数,观察胸主动脉形态学变化.结果:给予青钱柳叶水提物6周后,高血压大鼠的收缩压和舒张压明显降低(P ＜0.01或P＜0.05),其中低、中、高剂量组的收缩压下降率分别为16.18％,16.92％,16.92％;舒张压下降率分别为15.98％,15.73％,16.64％.同时治疗组左心室质量指数和肾脏质量指数下降(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),能够缓和胸主动脉中膜增厚现象.结论:青钱柳叶水提物对L-NAME诱导的高血压大鼠血压有降低作用.     

Investigation of antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in 2K1C hypertensive rat

This study sought to examine the antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rat. In this study, the effect of garlic on serum and tissue including: aorta, heart, kidney, lung as well as circulatory (serum) ACE activity in 2K1C rats were examined. Four groups of rats were selected: control "CTL", sham-operated "SHAM", hypertensive "H" and garlic-treated hypertensive "GT" group. Hypertension was induced by surgery. Four weeks post-clipping, single daily dose of 50mg of aqueous extract of garlic was given orally to "GT" rats for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method.ACE activity was determined using HPLC. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly increased in "H" compared to "CTL" group. In "GT" group, blood pressure was significantly decreased compared to "H" group. The ACE activity in all tissues of "H" group was significantly increased compared to controls which was significantly decreased in garlic-treated compared to non-treated hypertensive rats. These results indicated a negative correlation between consumption of garlic, blood pressure and ACE activity in serum and different tissues in 2K1C rats, suggesting that garlic has a significant blood pressure lowering effect, which could partly be mediated by reduction in ACE activity.     

柴胡止血液对置器家兔子宫组织C-型利钠肽含量的影响

观察柴胡止血液对置含铜宫内节育器 (CU -IUD)家兔子宫局部组织C -型利钠肽 (CNP)含量的影响 ,并与中药归脾汤及西药消炎痛组进行比较。结果 :柴胡止血液能减少家兔子宫局部组织CNP的含量 ,其中柴胡止血液大剂量组作用最明显 ,与造模对照组比较 (P <0 0 1) ,其次是消炎痛组、归脾汤大剂量组。提示 :柴胡止血液可通过降低置器子宫局部CNP的含量 ,从而调节置IUD子宫内膜血管收缩功能 ,起到治疗IUD所致子宫出血的效果。     

达卡配合西医基础治疗脑溢血急性期23 病例疗效分析

目的: 使用藏医外治疗法“达卡”技术治疗高血压脑出血急性期血压的降低或稳定,为藏医特色“达卡”技术合理使用提供依据。方法: 采用前瞻性病例观察研究,进行自身对照,比较首次藏医达卡治疗的血压变化和第2 次藏医“达卡”治疗的血压变化,观察23 例高血压脑出血急性期的血压变化。结果:采用藏医达卡疗法治疗高血压脑出血急性期23 例,达卡技术对高血压脑出血急性期患者收缩压降低效果明显（P<0.05）,舒张压降低无显著差异。结论：藏医外治技术“达卡”疗法对高血压脑出血急性期患者降低血压有显著疗效。“达卡”疗法尽早使用对患者稳定血压,防治再次出血,降低死亡率,促进血肿吸收有一定意义,有推广价值。     

基于液质联用技术的肺痹汤有效成分测定及药代动力学特征初探

目的通过液质联用技术研究肺痹汤有效成分及肺痹汤在大鼠体内的药代动力学改变。方法采用UPLC/Q-Tof仪对肺痹汤水煎剂药效物质基础进行检测;19只SD大鼠分为单次给药组、给药7天组及空白对照组,给药组大鼠按照单次及连续7天方法分别灌胃肺痹汤,空白对照组予7天等量生理盐水,灌胃后由股动脉插管进行不同时间段采血,质控样品复溶后采用Waters XEVOTQ-S质谱仪在负离子模式下测定大鼠含药血浆中三种成分的血药浓度并计算药代动力学参数。结果肺痹汤在浓度为1~1600 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,定量下限为1 ng/mL。低中高浓度分别为20、200和1200 ng/L的血浆质控样品,其方法学给药7天组考察中相对标准偏差均小于15%。肺痹汤给药后药代动力学参数曲线符合房室模型,通过比较单次给药组与给药7天组各成分的药代动力学参数,7天给药组中MRT、t1/2明显增加,CLz/F降低,AUC0-t、Cmax增高,在20~1200 ng/L范围内线性关系良好。结论本实验方法可测定肺痹汤水煎剂及大鼠含药血浆相关有效物质的含量,并发现肺痹汤7天给药较单次给药可提高药物成分在大鼠体内的暴露水平。     

针刺“足三里”对高血压大白鼠的降压作用

本文探讨了“足三里”穴治疗高血压的效果及其作用机制。以“两肾一夹”造成高血压模型 ,针刺“足三里”1 0天后测尾动脉血压及心率。结果 :治疗组与模型对照组比较血压有非常显著差异 (P <0 0 1 ) ,而与正常对照组比较差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。提示针刺“足三里”穴能有效地使高血压大白鼠血压下降 ,而对心率无影响 ,其机制可能是外周血管的扩张所致。     

Hypertensive effects of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Solanum torvum fruits in l-NAME treated rats: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Solanum torvum fruits are commonly used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for treatment of arterial hypertension. It has been previously shown that intravenous administration of aqueous extract from dried fruits (AEST) reduced blood pressure.

Aim

The present work evaluates acute toxicity and effects of oral administration of AEST in chronic arterial hypertension induced by l-NAME. Effects of AEST were also evaluated on isolated aorta.

Materials and methods

AEST (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given solely or concomitantly with l-NAME (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 30 consecutive days. Animal body weight, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured before stating the treatment and at the end of each week. Urinary volume and urinary sodium and potassium contents were quantified before and at days 1, 15 and 30 of the treatment. Aorta from treated animals was tested for their sensitivity to noradrenalin and carbachol. Aorta from normal untreated rats was used to evaluate the in vitro vascular effect of AEST.

Results

The results showed that AEST did induce neither mortality nor visible signs of toxicity. When given solely or in co-administration with l-NAME, AEST significantly reduced animal's body weight. It amplified the hypertensive and cardiac hypertrophy effect of l-NAME and did not affect these parameters in normotensive animals. AEST increased the sensitivity to noradrenalin in normotensive and significantly reduced it in hypertensive animals. AEST significantly increased urinary volume and sodium excretion in l-NAME treated animals while reducing the sodium excretion in normotensive. In vitro, AEST induced a potent partial endothelium-dependent contraction of aortic ring; contractions that were partially antagonized by prazosin and verapamil and were not relaxed by carbachol.

Conclusion

These results suggest that oral chronic administration of AEST induced potentiation of arterial hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in l-NAME treated rats. These effects may result from a reduction in sensitivity to vasorelaxant agents and increase in hypersensitivity to contractile factors. AEST possess potent in vitro vasocontractile activity that may result from activation of both α₁-adrenergic pathway and calcium influx.     

Experimental and clinical antihypertensive activity of Matricaria chamomilla extracts and their angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity

Three different extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L. were evaluated for their antihypertensive activity, these extracts were total alcohol extract (Extract 1), oil extracted (Extract 2), and water lifted after oil extraction (Extract 3). Quantitative and Qualitative analyses were carried out for all extracts. The 3 extracts were proved to be safe for human use. A single oral administration of the plant extracts (200 mg/kg) decreases both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of normotensive rats after 1, 1.5, and 2 hr. Furthermore, groups treated with the evaluated extracts (100 & 200 mg/kg) or Captopril (20 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in the elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Extract 3 showed the most antihypertensive activity. Serum biochemical parameters and lipid profile levels of treated groups were improved in comparison with induced‐hypertensive untreated rats. In evaluation of oxidative damage parameters Glutathione and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in some organs, the investigated extracts or captopril restored the amount of reduced Glutathione in tissues in addition to an increase in the activity of the SOD after a significant depletion of SOD activity. In the clinical study, there was a significant dose dependent decrease in Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate compared with their basal values in both normotensive and hypertensive human volunteers after oral administration of Matricaria chamomilla beverages.     

Combined antihypertensive effect of luteolin and buddleoside enriched extracts in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Flos Chrysanthemi is used in a variety of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine including hypertension, and the total flavonoids (rich in luteolin (LUT) and buddleoside (BUD)) of Flos Chrysanthemi is known to modulate vascular functions and reduce the blood pressure. However, the active flavonoids and their synergistic effects on anti-hypertension are still unclear. To investigate the combined anti-hypertension effects of LUT and BUD enriched extracts on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as the anti-hypertensive mechanism of LUT&BUD mixture.

Materials and methods

CODA Mouse & Rat Tail-Cuff Blood Pressure System was used to measure the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of SHR after treated with extracts contains with LUT and/or BUD. The expressions of Ang II, PRA, ALD, ET, PGI₂ and TXB₂ were investigated by ELASA. Serum NO concentration was measured by the method of Nitric acid reductase.

Results

A single administration of LUT, BUD, or LUT:BUD=1:1 significantly reduced SBP by about 3.35 mmHg, 4.39 mmHg and 15.42 mmHg, respectively. Chronic administration of LBM (at 60 mg/kg; p.o. for 30 days) reduced both SBP and DBP by 4.04% and 5.24% of the vehicle group, respectively. Oral administration of LBM at 60 mg/kg inhibited the serum levels of ANG, ALD and ET, but increased serum NO concentration.

Conclusion

This study shows the synergistic anti-hypertension effects of LUT and BUD in SHR. The effects of LBM on blood pressure are associated with RAAS and endothelial system. Thus, our experiments suggest that the combination of luteolin and buddleoside from Flos Chrysanthemi are potentially useful for the therapeutic treatments for hypertension.