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1.
本文根据一种气团客观分类方法,在对研究区域气团类型进行分类的基础上,研究了局地SO2浓度随气团类型的变化。结果表明,SO2浓度值作为气团类型的函数变化是显著的;较高的SO2浓度值出现在那些变性深、移动慢、持续时间长的反气旋中;个例分析了揭示了一次持续时间长较的高SO2浓度事件的出现与对流层中层的一次中期天气过程的发生、发展、崩溃过程间的良好对应关系。 相似文献
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一个考虑二氧化碳的非线性气侯模式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立一个包含年平均二氧化碳含量[CO_2]、下垫面温度、边界层气温以及云量的零维气候模式,用于研究CO_2对气候的影响。结果表明,该模式能模拟出现代气候态以及[CO_2]变化的趋势。进而用与该模式相应的现代气候平衡态的偏差方程,考察了在CO_2的作用下,气候系统由定常态到周期态再到混沌态的演变过程。 相似文献
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热带西太平洋定点海域降水的化学特征研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对热带西太平洋定点(4°S,156°E)海域长达4个月的降水化学调查,研究了降水中化学成分的变化特征、连续性与断续性降水过程和西风暴发事件(WWBE)及大风暴降雨过程中降水的化学成分。结果表明:定点海域(4°S,156°E)纯“海洋性”降水的pH为5.55,其Mn/Fe比值为0.54,Cl-与SO2-4是降水中最大量的离子;连续性降水pH呈“∨”型分布,Eh呈“∧”分布,总-2价硫的浓度S(-Ⅱ)呈降低分布,且最后趋于稳定,SO2-4,NH+4,PO3-4等在降雨开始后一段时间出现最大值,呈现与其它组分相反的行为;断续性降水pH,Eh趋于升高。西风暴发事件(WWBE)期间,绝大多数组分在降水中浓度高于WWBE发生前、后的浓度,而NH+4低于WWBE发生前、后的浓度,PO3-4,SiO2-3则是低于WWBE发生前的浓度,而高于发生后的浓度,大风暴降雨Cl-,SO2-4的浓度比正常降雨时可高达数倍,说明海上大风暴使大量海水滴被卷入空中,又随降雨落下,这时的降水pH也有显著增高。 相似文献
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本文介绍了1993年10月14-26日在生态环境“全球五百佳”的小张庄和同年10月28日-11月6日在合肥市(中国科学技术大学东区校园)两地所进行的地面SO2和O3的观测结果,并给出了两地SO2和O3浓度平均概况及随时间变化的一些特征。结果表明,观测期间两地SO2和O3环境质量是好的,与SO2浓度相比,两地NOx的相对含量较高。分析还表明,风向对小张庄SO2浓度无明显影响;雨和雾对两地SO2和O3 相似文献
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用IAP/LASG GOALS模式模拟CO_2增加引起的东亚地区气候变化(英文) 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
用一个全球耦合的海洋──大气──陆地系统模式(IAP/ LASG GOALS)研究因 CO2增加引起的全球增暖,重点是讨论东亚地区气候变化。完成了两个试验,一个是CO2含量保持不变的对照试验,一个是CO2浓度按每年10%增加的扰动试验。结果表明,在对照试验中没有出现气候漂移,在CO2含量加倍时全球平均地面气温将增加1.65℃。GOALS模式能较好模拟观测的东亚温度和降水的空间分体和年循环,但模拟的年平均温度略偏低、年降水稍偏大。在CO2含量加倍时,东亚地区温度和降水将分别增加2.1℃和5%,最大增温出现在中纬度大陆上,最大的降水增加出现在25°N附近。 相似文献
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气相化学过程是硫沉降过程中的重要过程。气相化学反应既是SO2气体的氧化去除过程,也为液相化学过程提供初值条件。首先建立了一个适合于研究硫沉降过程的气相化学数值模式,模式包括了52个方程、31个物种。然后利用这个气相化学模式探讨了SO2的气相氧化过程对大气温度、湿度、太阳光强等条件的敏感性并给出了SO2气相氧化率的日变化。 相似文献
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用STEM—Ⅱ模式研究东亚地区春季沙尘气溶胶对硫化物输送和沉降的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用STEM-II三维区域尺度大气化学模式,研究了1994年3月1日至14日东亚地区春季沙尘气溶胶对硫化物输送和沉降的影响。结果表明,SO2和SO24的大值区主要出现在我国东部地区。在模拟时段,日本地区火山源的排放对该地区大气中S分布的贡献达10%~30%。并与当时飞机的观测结果相吻合。模拟区域内SO2和SO24的收支的分析研究表明,在硫的总排放量中,从东边界面流出去的输送通量最大,并出现在30~400N带的2~6km高度上,这是与该地区最大的人为排放源所在地相一致的。最后,给出了模拟时段整个对流层大气SO2-4气溶胶含量的分布,还仨算了SO2-4气溶胶对地气系统的直接辐射强迫和温度变化的影响。 相似文献
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利用2000—2004年天津市城区气象和污染物资料,采用统计分析方法,研究了城区静风分布及污染物浓度变化规律。结果表明:静风分布有明显的日、年变化规律,在华北地形槽或低压、高压前部和高压的天气形势下易出现静风天气现象且持续时间较长。污染物浓度与风速呈现出较好的负相关,即风速越大、污染物浓度越小。但风速达到一定临界值时,TSP与风速呈正相关,大风可以引起二次扬尘并增加了空气中颗粒物的含量;PM10,SO2和NO2三种污染物在静风日的浓度值均高于非静风时的浓度值。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):313-325
Some peak PM10 episodes, occurred during PM monitoring campaigns performed on October 2005 and February and June 2006 in Bari town, have been characterized. Moreover back trajectories of air masses and Principal Component Analyses were applied. Three of the peak PM10 episodes investigated were related to local emissions of primary pollutants during poor atmospheric dispersion conditions. The other two peak PM10 episodes considered are related with long range transport air masses toward Apulia region: in one case the chemical characterization and the back trajectories analysis indicate that high PM10 value detected is due to the Saharan dust advection in the Apulia region; in the other case air masses with different origin give rise to high PM10 value.Moreover PM10 daily mean concentrations, presented in this paper collected from January 2005 to August 2007 and obtained by automatic device in six stations of air quality monitoring networks in Bari territory, do not show a seasonal trend for PM10 concentrations, contrary to the PM10 trend shown in the towns of North Italy. This can be explained mostly considering that our region presents generally meteo-climatic conditions that favour pollutants dispersion. 相似文献
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Martino Amodio Paolo Bruno Maurizio Caselli Gianluigi de Gennaro Paolo Rosario Dambruoso Barbara Elisabetta Daresta Pieirna Ielpo Francesco Gungolo Claudia Marcella Placentino Vincenzo Paolillo Maria Tutino 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):313-ICNAA07
Some peak PM10 episodes, occurred during PM monitoring campaigns performed on October 2005 and February and June 2006 in Bari town, have been characterized. Moreover back trajectories of air masses and Principal Component Analyses were applied. Three of the peak PM10 episodes investigated were related to local emissions of primary pollutants during poor atmospheric dispersion conditions. The other two peak PM10 episodes considered are related with long range transport air masses toward Apulia region: in one case the chemical characterization and the back trajectories analysis indicate that high PM10 value detected is due to the Saharan dust advection in the Apulia region; in the other case air masses with different origin give rise to high PM10 value.Moreover PM10 daily mean concentrations, presented in this paper collected from January 2005 to August 2007 and obtained by automatic device in six stations of air quality monitoring networks in Bari territory, do not show a seasonal trend for PM10 concentrations, contrary to the PM10 trend shown in the towns of North Italy. This can be explained mostly considering that our region presents generally meteo-climatic conditions that favour pollutants dispersion. 相似文献
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B. D. Katsoulis 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1988,39(3-4):203-212
Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine some meteorological aspects of air pollution in the Athens area, Greece. Over recent years much attention has been directed to the importance of spells of weather in providing conditions that give rise to inversion of temperature at or near ground level, and hence to risks of severe incidents of air pollution. So, emphasis is given to the importance of anticyclonic conditions, associated with pronounced stability during ground level radiation inversions, when the same sampling sites show high concentration of both SO2 and smoke. Fifteen years of surface and radiosonde data obtained from Hellinikon Airport Athens are used for a climatological base. The meteorology of high concentration episodes has also been examined and the synoptic characteristics for the onset and end of such episodes have been identified. Finally, trends of pollution episodes and calculation of an air stagnation index for Athens have been obtained, which give a predicting indication about the occurrence of high pollution concentration.With 11 Figures 相似文献
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Synoptic and local scale atmospheric circulation associated with air pollution episodes in an urban Mediterranean area 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
H. Flocas A. Kelessis C. Helmis M. Petrakakis M. Zoumakis K. Pappas 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,95(3-4):265-277
Air pollution episodes in urban coastal areas follow certain pre-determined patterns, being associated with certain local meteorological conditions and emission of primary pollutants. In this study, the synoptic and local scale atmospheric circulation that prevails during air pollution episodes in a coastal major city in Greece, Thessaloniki, is examined for a period of 15 years (1989–2004). The study signifies the importance of studying air pollution meteorological patterns between coastal areas with different terrain characteristics. For Thessaloniki, it was found that the episodes occur mainly during the cold period of the year, while four types of synoptic scale circulation were recognized (I, II, III, IV) and five patterns of the local scale circulation (A1, A2, B1, B2 and B3). The highest percentage of episodes is associated with the presence of an anticyclone over the northern Greece (types I and IV), being characterized by weak or very weak surface pressure gradient intensity, according to the position and extension of the anticyclone. Moreover, a temperature increase of at least 1°C during the previous 3 days is required in the lower troposphere. Consistent with the synoptic conditions, the development of the sea breeze plays a crucial role in the occurrence of the episodes, even in the cold period of the year, when the sea breeze can still develop with smaller frequency and intensity. Finally, it was found that a small number of episodes is related with the advection of polluted air masses from the industrial area in the northwest of the city and from the Eordaia area in the west, which is the largest lignite producing area of Balkans. 相似文献
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W.-L. Cheng J.-L. Pai B.-J. Tsuang C.-L. Chen 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2001,78(1-2):11-21
Summary
Recent studies have shown that regional orography and synoptic patterns greatly affect ozone concentrations. The orography
of certain locations is unfavorable for pollutant dispersion, and specific synoptic patterns in these locations lead to serious
air pollution episodes. Frequent ozone episodes (defined as hourly ozone ≥ 120 ppbv) in west-central Taiwan during recent
years have generated much concern. High ozone days (defined as hourly ozone ≥ 80 ppbv) are also occurring more frequently.
High ozone days occur mainly during autumn, but there has been no clear linear relationship demonstrated between any single
meteorological variable and pollutant concentration. In this study, statistical data from 1997–1999 has shown that high ozone
levels occur with two types of synoptic patterns. The first type consists of a continental anticyclone emanating from mainland
China which is swept towards Taiwan. The second is a tropical low pressure system moving northwards closer to Taiwan.
West-central Taiwan is located in the lee of the Central Ranges (altitude of 2500 ∼ 3500 m). These synoptic patterns are unfavorable
for pollutant dispersion and cause high ozone days.
Received October 14, 2000/Revised January 5, 2001 相似文献
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Synoptic and mesoscale weather conditions during air pollution episodes in Athens,Greece 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Based on regular climatological and air quality data from the Greater Athens Area (GAA), the air pollution episodes observed in Athens during the period 1983–1990 were analysed and classified. The main characteristics of atmospheric conditions during days with high air pollution concentrations are summarized too. Model simulations show that the worst air pollution episodes in Athens occur during days with a critical balance between synoptic and mesoscale circulations and/or during days with warm advection in the lower troposphere. 相似文献
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利用2017年福建漳州和南部海岛气象观测资料,通过统计分析和人工订正判识海陆风日,再结合天气形势和污染物浓度资料分析海陆风日的天气特征及其与污染物浓度的关系。结果表明:漳州海陆风日是海岛站的2.2倍,春夏季是海陆风的高发季节,秋冬季相对较少。冬季海陆风日主导天气形势为变性冷高压、高压后部、锋前暖区等,气象要素场配置为气压梯度小、气温高、风速小、日照时间长、湿度低、云量少,气象条件不利于污染物的稀释、扩散;海陆风影响下除了O3,其他5种污染物浓度均高于系统风日2—3倍,其中颗粒物浓度明显偏高。与冬季不同,春季海陆风不仅对颗粒物浓度升高有利,对O3浓度升高贡献更加明显,主导天气形势、气象要素场配置与冬季类似;海陆风影响下所有污染浓度均高于系统风日1—2倍,且易出现O3超标现象。研究显示,漳州的海陆风全年发生频率虽然不到30%,但其特有的日变化规律和局地环流结构对污染物累积、输送具有重要的影响。 相似文献
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I. N. Kuznetsova I. B. Konovalov A. A. Glazkova E. V. Berezin M. Beekmann E. -D. Schulze 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(3):150-158
The CHIMERE mesoscale chemistry transport model is used for the quantitative assessment of the contribution of transboundary transport of anthropogenic admixtures from China to the surface concentrations of major suspended pollutants, aerosol PM10, ozone O3, and nitrogen oxides NOx in the Far Eastern region. Analyzed in detail are the time series of concentration of mentioned substances computed with the model taking account and not taking account of anthropogenic emissions in China. It is revealed that the transboundary transport of anthropogenic pollutants can cause the recurring episodes of manyfold increase in the concentration of PM10 in the south of Khabarovsk region, as well as more rare variations of O3 and NOx concentration. The trajectory and synoptic analysis demonstrated that the episodes of the increase in the concentration of PM10 and O3 in the south of the region mainly depend on the carryover of air masses from northeastern China in the front part of continental cyclones. 相似文献
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øystein Hov Asgeir Sorteberg Norbert Schmidbauer Sverre Solberg Frode Stordal David Simpson Anne Lindskog Hans Areskoug Pedro Oyola Heikki Lättilä Niels Z. Heidam 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,28(1-3):173-193
Observations and model calculations of the concentration of hydrocarbonsat five Scandinavian rural sites during March–June 1993are reported.Decreasing concentrations from March to June are observedat all sites. The highest concentrations of hydrocarbons were found in air massescoming in from the southwest to southeast, indicating that long rangetransport fromcontinental Europe and the U.K. is important in pollution episodes. An episode of elevated concentrations of hydrocarbons observed at three of the sites in the middle of Marchis described and discussed in relation to the synoptic situation and thepresenceof other chemical compounds (NO2, PAN, total nitrate andozone).A Lagrangian numerical model is used to calculate the concentrations of theindividual hydrocarbons at the fivesites and comparison with observations is made.The calculated concentrations for nonmethane hydrocarbons with quite longchemicallifetimes agree well with the observations.For the sum of observed and calculated hydrocarbons the correlationcoefficientsare in the range of 0.65–0.88 for the five sitesand the ratio between calculated and measured concentrations was0.72–0.97, indicating thatthe European VOC emission inventory is quite well estimated. 相似文献
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江苏地区一次罕见持续性强浓雾过程的成因分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
2013年11月30日—12月9日,江苏出现持续10 d的强浓雾天气。利用秒级探空资料、能见度资料、江苏省高速公路沿线高时空密度的交通气象观测站资料以及NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°的分析资料,结合天气形势、气象要素、物理量场,对这次持续性强浓雾的特点和形成、维持机制进行分析。结果表明,(1)此次雾过程持续时间长、范围广、强度大、污染重。(2)在大陆高压控制下,江苏长时间处于高压带的均压区内是这次连续性强浓雾过程的重要天气条件。(3)地面辐射冷却、低空下沉气流以及东南暖湿气流是强浓雾形成的重要原因。(4)双层逆温和深厚的逆温层是出现强浓雾的重要热力条件。(5)弱冷空气入侵,是雾体爆发增强的促发因子。 相似文献