丁苯橡胶中皂和有机酸含量的测定方法比较

对ISO 7781中指示剂滴定法和电位滴定法测定乳聚丁苯橡胶中皂和有机酸的含量进行对比，比较了2种方法测定原理和测定结果之间的差异，并通过加标实验对2种方法测定结果的准确性进行了考察。结果表明，电位滴定法与指示剂滴定法测定乳聚丁苯橡胶中有机酸含量的结果一致。测试乳聚丁苯橡胶中皂含量时，指示剂滴定法受胺类防老剂和填充油影响较大，电位滴定法受胺类防老剂的影响较小，而且不受填充油的影响，测定结果更加准确。     

塞曼偏振原子吸收分光光度计测定高含量锌简

本文主要讨论并解决火焰原予吸收法测定高含量锌时的自吸问题，采用锌的次灵敏线307．6nm直接测定高含量锌，消除了自吸干扰和多次高倍稀释所带来的误差，该方法与EDTA容量法相比快速简便，劳动强度少，节省成本，适合商含量锌样品的快速大批量分析测定，具有显著的经济效益和推广价值。用该法对已知结果的样品进行测定，测定结果与EDTA滴定法及标准样品结果相符。选矿试验样品测定结果也验证了方法的有效性。     

显微镜光度计测定煤镜质组反射率的研究

分析了自动测定与人工测定煤镜质组反射率的特点，给出了与人工测定结果相关的自动测定方法和条件。按回归方程换算后，自动测定怀人工测定结果的偏差小于不同单位人工测定的偏差。     

EDTA置换滴定法和返滴定法测定矿石中铝含量

就铝盐测定的两种方法进行了讨论。并且就置换滴定法测定的现象进行对照实验，从理论上对其结果进行了分析，发现此方法很难测定出准确结果。     

氧化铁黑耐热性能测试

常规测定氧化铁黑耐热性的方法是将其制成色浆，通过肉眼观察其经散射光照射后的颜色变化，结果往往不令人满意。采用色差仪测定颜色空间座标值来评价氧化铁黑的耐热性，提高了测定结果的可信度     

钢丝帘线破断伸长率测定结果的修正

分析钢丝帘线破断伸长率测定的影响因素，提出不同拉力机测定结果的修正方法。不同的拉力机对标距长度控制精度不同，钢丝帘线破断伸长率测定结果亦有差异。用线性回归方程对试验结果进行修正，可减小不同拉力试验机钢丝帘线破断伸长率测定结果之间的差异。     

一元线性回归方程校正炭黑DBP吸收值测定结果

鉴于标准参比炭黑的DBP吸收值的测定值与标准值存在差异，导致以标准参比炭黑为准测定的炭黑DBP吸收值不准确，根据标准参比炭黑的DBP吸收值标准值和测定值建立一元线性回归方程，对炭黑样品的DBP吸收值测定结果进行校正，此方法数据处理速度快、操作简便，校正后提高了炭黑DBP吸收值测定结果的准确性。     

铬酸雾产生来源及测定条件的研究

介绍了铬酸雾产生来源及测定条件，采用二苯碳酰二肼法，选择不同尺寸的比色皿，研究对铬酸雾测定，标准物质，标准曲线的影响；同时考察不同的显色剂配制方式对实验灵敏度的影响。通过实验比较，选择2 cm比色皿，d种方式测定，铬酸雾标准曲线线性更好，截距为正，测定结果更稳定，标准物质结果更接近中位值。     

X射线衍射原子分布函数法测定煤的真密度

用ｘ射线广角衍射原子分布函数方法测试了不同煤化程度煤的真密度，并与按常规方法（国家标准）测定的结果进行了对比。结果发现，两种测定结果随煤化程度的变化关系相一致，都呈一凹面向上的曲线。ｘ射线方法测定结果较国家标准测定方法所测结果略高，这是由于煤中存在封闭孔所致。     

硫化胶中防老剂NLB含量的测定

试验研究高效液相色谱法和紫外分光光度法测定硫化胶中防老剂NLB含量。结果表明，两种方法均可用于硫化胶中防老剂NLB含量的测定，回收率较高DCP硫化体系硫化胶中防老剂NLB含量测定结果较硫黄硫化体系偏低。高效液相色谱法因具有分离功能，测定结果准确性高，适于各种老化处理后的硫化胶样品测定；紫外分光光度法不适用于油介质老化的硫化胶样品测定。     

利用控制图准确测定丁二烯橡胶的凝胶含量

对性能稳定质量优良的国产丁二烯橡胶(BR)9000样品,进行凝胶含量测定,根据测定结果各统计量绘制凝胶含量测定的X-R(或S)控制图。根据X图、R图和S图,可以综合判断出实验室丁二烯橡胶样品凝含量的测定结果处于良好的受控状态,实验室具有较高的系统和随机控制的能力,测定结果准确可靠。在测定丁二烯橡胶凝胶含量时,系统误差控制在±0.02%范围内,随机误差应小于0.05%,标准偏差应小于0.05。     

煤中氮含量测定方法的改进

针对传统开氏定氮法测定煤中氮含量消化时间过长,导致测定结果偏低有时甚至测不出结果的缺陷,进行了反复地分析、研究,并对其进行了改进。结果表明,经过改进后的煤中氮含量的测定方法能准确测定年老无烟煤的氮含量,其准确度和精密度能满足国家标准的要求,具有精度高、误差小、分析成本低、操作简便、对环境污染小等特点。     

Minimization of the Theoretical Error of Input Parameters for a Vapor Permeation Apparatus

All input experimental errors for membrane flux determination were analyzed. The overall error in pressure did not largely influence the determination of membrane flux. The main contribution to errors was ascribed to flow meters and membrane thickness. The choice of an optimal operational range for input parameters led to elimination of at least 2/3 of the theoretical relative error for subsequent evaluation of the permeability of individual species. This is especially valuable for low‐permeable membranes, whereas a very low relative theoretical error can be obtained in the case of highly permeable materials.     

近红外光谱技术结合支持向量回归法测定烯草酮的含量

采用近红外光谱(NIR)技术结合支持向量回归法(SVR)建立了烯草酮乳油的定量分析方法。通过添加烯草酮原药、烯草酮助剂到二甲苯溶剂来配制不同浓度的校正集,采用SVR法建立了烯草酮的定量分析模型,模型的决定系数(R2)、校正集均方根误差(RMSEC)、检验集均方根误差(RMSEV)、预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为1.0000、0.0260、0.0569和0.0550。结果表明,近红外光谱技术结合支持向量回归法可以准确地定量分析乳油中烯草酮的含量,方法简单、快捷,在农药质量检测中具有实际应用价值。     

乙酰丙酮法测定玩具中甲醛的前处理方式探讨

文章对乙酰丙酮法测定玩具中甲醛的两种前处理方式进行了比较。结果表明用超声提取法进行样品前处理比较快捷,高效。但部分样品表面可溶性带色附着物可能在提取过程中脱落并对甲醛的测定构成干扰。而采用直接蒸馏法提取玩具中甲醛可以有效避免这种误差,对玩具中甲醛的测定起到必要的补充作用。     

On the Determination of Continuous Submicrometer Liquid Aerosol-Size Distributions with Low Pressure Impactors

The aspects associated with the determination of continuous submicrometer aerosol-size distributions using multijet low pressure impactors have been studied. Multiple sets of error-free and noisy, simulated data sets have been inverted, and impactors have been compared with the differential mobility particle-size analysis (DMA) method by using well-defined, laboratory-generated liquid oleic acid aerosols tagged with ammonium fluorescein. Impactors included in this study were a Berner-type impactor HAUKE 25/0.015 (BLPI), a modified University of Washington Mark 5 impactor (KLPI), and the impactor designed at the University of Florida (LLPI). The inversion of simulated error-free impactor data (i.e., the data with perfect kernel functions) for unimodal submicrometer aerosols with a small (2.5%) stage mass error estimate yields results very close to input distributions, when the method based on constrained regularization is used in the inversion. When the error estimate is increased, inverted spectra are flattened. However, they remain clearly unimodal. When normally distributed random error is added to the data and the error estimate for each data point equals the standard deviation of the random error, the fraction of bimodal and trimodal inverted spectra increases with a rise in the random error level and with the asymmetricity of the kernel functions. When the random error level and data error estimates are equal to or smaller than 10%, inverted spectra are mainly unimodal close to input distribution for both error-free and noisy data. The inversion of impactor data from the detailed laboratory experiments (i.e., the data with real kernel functions) indicates that only BLPI kernel functions are accurate enough to yield unimodal distributions close to those measured with the DMA. When the stage mass error estimate is increased beyond the stage mass determination error, unimodal spectra also for the KLPI and LLPI are found. The decrease of the BLPI stage mass error estimate below the experimental error increases the agreement with DMA results. In most cases the error estimate for BLPI stage masses can be decreased to 2.5%, indicating the validity of both BLPI submicrometer kernel functions and the fluorometric method used to determine stage mass concentrations.The aspects associated with the determination of continuous submicrometer aerosol-size distributions using multijet low pressure impactors have been studied. Multiple sets of error-free and noisy, simulated data sets have been inverted, and impactors have been compared with the differential mobility particle-size analysis (DMA) method by using well-defined, laboratory-generated liquid oleic acid aerosols tagged with ammonium fluorescein. Impactors included in this study were a Berner-type impactor HAUKE 25/0.015 (BLPI), a modified University of Washington Mark 5 impactor (KLPI), and the impactor designed at the University of Florida (LLPI). The inversion of simulated error-free impactor data (i.e., the data with perfect kernel functions) for unimodal submicrometer aerosols with a small (2.5%) stage mass error estimate yields results very close to input distributions, when the method based on constrained regularization is used in the inversion. When the error estimate is increased, inverted spectra are flattened. However, they remain clearly unimodal. When normally distributed random error is added to the data and the error estimate for each data point equals the standard deviation of the random error, the fraction of bimodal and trimodal inverted spectra increases with a rise in the random error level and with the asymmetricity of the kernel functions. When the random error level and data error estimates are equal to or smaller than 10%, inverted spectra are mainly unimodal close to input distribution for both error-free and noisy data. The inversion of impactor data from the detailed laboratory experiments (i.e., the data with real kernel functions) indicates that only BLPI kernel functions are accurate enough to yield unimodal distributions close to those measured with the DMA. When the stage mass error estimate is increased beyond the stage mass determination error, unimodal spectra also for the KLPI and LLPI are found. The decrease of the BLPI stage mass error estimate below the experimental error increases the agreement with DMA results. In most cases the error estimate for BLPI stage masses can be decreased to 2.5%, indicating the validity of both BLPI submicrometer kernel functions and the fluorometric method used to determine stage mass concentrations.The aspects associated with the determination of continuous submicrometer aerosol-size distributions using multijet low pressure impactors have been studied. Multiple sets of error-free and noisy, simulated data sets have been inverted, and impactors have been compared with the differential mobility particle-size analysis (DMA) method by using well-defined, laboratory-generated liquid oleic acid aerosols tagged with ammonium fluorescein. Impactors included in this study were a Berner-type impactor HAUKE 25/0.015 (BLPI), a modified University of Washington Mark 5 impactor (KLPI), and the impactor designed at the University of Florida (LLPI). The inversion of simulated error-free impactor data (i.e., the data with perfect kernel functions) for unimodal submicrometer aerosols with a small (2.5%) stage mass error estimate yields results very close to input distributions, when the method based on constrained regularization is used in the inversion. When the error estimate is increased, inverted spectra are flattened. However, they remain clearly unimodal. When normally distributed random error is added to the data and the error estimate for each data point equals the standard deviation of the random error, the fraction of bimodal and trimodal inverted spectra increases with a rise in the random error level and with the asymmetricity of the kernel functions. When the random error level and data error estimates are equal to or smaller than 10%, inverted spectra are mainly unimodal close to input distribution for both error-free and noisy data. The inversion of impactor data from the detailed laboratory experiments (i.e., the data with real kernel functions) indicates that only BLPI kernel functions are accurate enough to yield unimodal distributions close to those measured with the DMA. When the stage mass error estimate is increased beyond the stage mass determination error, unimodal spectra also for the KLPI and LLPI are found. The decrease of the BLPI stage mass error estimate below the experimental error increases the agreement with DMA results. In most cases the error estimate for BLPI stage masses can be decreased to 2.5%, indicating the validity of both BLPI submicrometer kernel functions and the fluorometric method used to determine stage mass concentrations.The aspects associated with the determination of continuous submicrometer aerosol-size distributions using multijet low pressure impactors have been studied. Multiple sets of error-free and noisy, simulated data sets have been inverted, and impactors have been compared with the differential mobility particle-size analysis (DMA) method by using well-defined, laboratory-generated liquid oleic acid aerosols tagged with ammonium fluorescein. Impactors included in this study were a Berner-type impactor HAUKE 25/0.015 (BLPI), a modified University of Washington Mark 5 impactor (KLPI), and the impactor designed at the University of Florida (LLPI). The inversion of simulated error-free impactor data (i.e., the data with perfect kernel functions) for unimodal submicrometer aerosols with a small (2.5%) stage mass error estimate yields results very close to input distributions, when the method based on constrained regularization is used in the inversion. When the error estimate is increased, inverted spectra are flattened. However, they remain clearly unimodal. When normally distributed random error is added to the data and the error estimate for each data point equals the standard deviation of the random error, the fraction of bimodal and trimodal inverted spectra increases with a rise in the random error level and with the asymmetricity of the kernel functions. When the random error level and data error estimates are equal to or smaller than 10%, inverted spectra are mainly unimodal close to input distribution for both error-free and noisy data. The inversion of impactor data from the detailed laboratory experiments (i.e., the data with real kernel functions) indicates that only BLPI kernel functions are accurate enough to yield unimodal distributions close to those measured with the DMA. When the stage mass error estimate is increased beyond the stage mass determination error, unimodal spectra also for the KLPI and LLPI are found. The decrease of the BLPI stage mass error estimate below the experimental error increases the agreement with DMA results. In most cases the error estimate for BLPI stage masses can be decreased to 2.5%, indicating the validity of both BLPI submicrometer kernel functions and the fluorometric method used to determine stage mass concentrations.     

粒子滤波算法测定混合染液染料浓度

针对如何准确测定混合染液染料浓度,尤其当混合染液浓度太大时由于染料自身发生如水解等化学变化以及染料之间的相互作用,其吸光度体系呈非线性的情况,提出了通过建立非线性吸光度模型,并利用粒子滤波算法同时测定混合染液中各染料浓度的解决方法。以3种活性染料的混合染液为例,对该方法的可行性进行验证,并与扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行滤波效果对比。实例证明,非线性吸光度模型是准确的,基于粒子滤波算法的测定方法是有效可行的。     

水泥生料中Fe2O3、Al2O3快速测定的误差分析及最佳条件选择

通过实验对水泥生料中Fe2 O3、Al2 O3 快速测定产生误差的原因进行分析 ,确定了得到稳定、准确结果的最佳条件。应用该方法对标样进行测定 ,结果的精密度及准确度均较好 ,可满足生产控制要求。     

近红外光谱技术结合支持向量回归法测定非法对硫磷的含量

[目的]采用近红外光谱(NIR)技术结合支持向量回归法(SVR)建立乳油中非法对硫磷的定量分析方法.[方法]通过向1.8％阿维菌素乳油中加入对硫磷原药和二甲苯溶剂来配制不同质量分数的校正集,采用SVR法建立非法对硫磷的定量分析模型.[结果]模型的决定系数(R2)、校正集均方根误差(RMSEC)、检验集均方根误差(RMSEV)、预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.9994、0.4377、0.5065、0.7482.[结论]该法可以定量测定乳油中非法对硫磷的含量.     

Analysis of alloys and salt solutions by β-ray backscattering

This investigation reports the results of a study undertaken to assess the suitability of using the GM counter for measuring the intensity of β-backscattered radiation to determine the chemical composition of binary solid alloys, and aqueous salt solutions containing a metallic radical. The results indicate that the technique is not suitable for the determination of the composition of binary alloys since the error is in the range of 1.2–2.3 wt-% metal. The technique can be conveniently adapted for aqueous salt solutions where the maximum error is approximately 0.2 wt-% metal for metallic elements with atomic number greater than 20.