Stability analysis of large diameter thin-walled tube beam-columns

Based on a blind spot in the current design standard of steel structures, the large diameter thin-walled tube beam-columns are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method in this paper. The influence of several factors on stability capacity of the large diameter thin-walled tube beam-columns is taken into account. Thus, according to the correlative design standard of steel structures, and on the basis of the numerical analytical results by the finite element methods, the calculation formulas of the stability bearing capacity are presented for beam-column members of the large diameter thin-walled tubes. Three tests of thin-walled steel tube beam-columns were reported. Test results for deformations and ultimate strength are found to be in a good agreement with the corresponding values predicted by the calculation formulas, and the proposed methods can be used in design practice. __________ Translated from China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40(3): 11–17 [译自: 土 木 工 程 学 报]     

大直径薄壁钢管压弯构件的稳定分析

针对我国现行钢结构设计规范未对径厚比为100以上的大直径薄壁钢管压弯构件的稳定计算作相应规定,采用非线性有限元方法,分析初始缺陷、长细比及两端作用不等弯矩等因素对该类构件稳定承载力的影响。研究结果表明,随着径厚比的逐渐增大,该类构件的稳定承载力显著降低。通过有限元分析结果及参照相关规范提出了该类压弯构件稳定承载力的建议计算公式。最后,对3根薄壁钢管压弯构件进行了试验研究,得到每个试件的荷载位移曲线、破坏屈曲和压弯极限承载力,试验荷载位移曲线与有限元方法计算得出的曲线基本吻合,实测极限荷载值与建议公式计算值偏差幅值控制在20%之内,进一步验证了该理论分析方法是有效的、可靠的,研究成果可为类似构件的设计提供依据。     

大型薄壁钢管构件的轴压稳定分析

采用非线性有限元方法对大直径薄壁钢管构件在轴压荷载下的受力性能进行了综合分析,考虑多种因素对大直径薄壁钢管轴压稳定承载力的影响。通过分析及参照相关规范提出了大直径薄壁钢管构件轴压稳定承载力的建议计算公式。     

Local buckling of steel plates in concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular beam-columns

The availability of high strength steels and concrete leads to the use of thin steel plates in concrete-filled steel tubular beam-columns. However, the use of thin steel plates in composite beam-columns gives a rise to local buckling that would appreciably reduce the strength and ductility performance of the members. This paper studies the critical local and post-local buckling behavior of steel plates in concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular beam-columns by using the finite element analysis method. Geometric and material nonlinear analyses are performed to investigate the critical local and post-local buckling strengths of steel plates under compression and in-plane bending. Initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses presented in steel plates, material yielding and strain hardening are taken into account in the nonlinear analysis. Based on the results obtained from the nonlinear finite element analyses, a set of design formulas are proposed for determining the critical local buckling and ultimate strengths of steel plates in concrete-filled steel tubular beam-columns. In addition, effective width formulas are developed for the ultimate strength design of clamped steel plates under non-uniform compression. The accuracy of the proposed design formulas is established by comparisons with available solutions. The proposed design formulas can be used directly in the design of composite beam-columns and adopted in the advanced analysis of concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular beam-columns to account for local buckling effects.     

大型薄壁钢管受弯构件的稳定分析

考虑多种因素对大直径薄壁钢管受弯构件稳定承载力的影响,采用非线性有限元方法对大直径薄壁钢管受弯构件的受力性能进行综合分析.通过分析及参照相关规范,提出大直径薄壁钢管构件受弯构件稳定承载力的建议计算公式.     

Performance-based analysis of concrete-filled steel tubular beam-columns, Part I: Theory and algorithms

This paper presents a performance-based analysis (PBA) technique based on fiber element formulations for the nonlinear analysis and performance-based design of thin-walled concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) beam-columns with local buckling effects. Geometric imperfections, residual stresses and strain hardening of steel tubes and confined concrete models are considered in the PBA technique. Initial local buckling and effective strength/width formulas are incorporated in the PBA program to account for local buckling effects. The progressive local buckling of a thin-walled steel tube filled with concrete is simulated by gradually redistributing normal stresses within the steel tube walls. Performance indices are proposed to quantify the section, axial ductility and curvature ductility performance of thin-walled CFST beam-columns under axial load and biaxial bending. Efficient secant algorithms are developed to iterate the depth and orientation of the neutral axis in a thin-walled CFST beam-column section to satisfy equilibrium conditions. The analysis algorithms for thin-walled CFST beam-columns under axial load and uni- and biaxial bending are presented. The PBA program can efficiently generate axial load-strain curves, moment-curvature curves and axial load-moment strength interaction diagrams for thin-walled CFST beam-columns under biaxial loads. The proposed PBA technique allows the designer to analyze and design thin-walled CFST beam-columns made of compact or non-compact steel tubes with any strength grades and normal and high-strength concrete. The verification and applications of the PBA program are given in a companion paper.     

钢管压弯构件稳定分析

采用非线性有限单元法,利用ANSYS程序分析钢管压弯构件的极限承载力。在此基础上,分析初始缺陷、长细比及两端作用不等弯矩等因素对该类构件稳定承载力的影响。     

冷弯薄壁C型钢绕强轴偏心受压构件的极限承载力

冷弯薄壁型钢结构多采用有效截面法对构件承载力进行计算,该方法计算繁杂且未考虑构件的畸变屈曲性能。直接强度法采用全截面计算各类参数,能够考虑各种单独屈曲模式及其相关屈曲对构件稳定性能的影响,但目前该方法并不能应用于压弯构件。对冷弯薄壁C形钢绕强轴偏压构件的稳定性能进行参数分析,探讨了构件长度、偏心距、腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比和卷边高厚比等因素对构件承载力的影响规律。结合有限元分析结果,基于轴压构件和纯弯构件的直接强度法公式,提出了冷弯薄壁型钢绕强轴偏压构件的极限承载力计算方法。     

钢管桁架拱结构极限承载力及其影响因素分析

利用已有的桁架结构承载力试验结果,验证了本文极限承载力有限元计算程序的正确性。在此基础上,采用实际工程中常用的圆钢管倒三角形桁架拱为标准模型,探讨了高跨比、宽高比、立面腹杆尺寸及荷载分布对结构承载力的影响,可为该类结构设计提供参考。     

Biaxially loaded high-strength concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns,Part I: Multiscale simulation

The steel tube walls of a biaxially loaded thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-column may be subjected to compressive stress gradients. Local buckling of the steel tube walls under stress gradients, which significantly reduces the stiffness and strength of a CFST beam-column, needs to be considered in the inelastic analysis of the slender beam-column. Existing numerical models that do not consider local buckling effects may overestimate the ultimate strengths of thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns under biaxial loads. This paper presents a new multiscale numerical model for simulating the structural performance of biaxially loaded high-strength rectangular CFST slender beam-columns accounting for progressive local buckling, initial geometric imperfections, high strength materials and second order effects. The inelastic behavior of column cross-sections is modeled at the mesoscale level using the accurate fiber element method. Macroscale models are developed to simulate the load-deflection responses and strength envelopes of thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. New computational algorithms based on the Müller's method are developed to iteratively adjust the depth and orientation of the neutral axis and the curvature at the column's ends to obtain nonlinear solutions. Steel and concrete contribution ratios and strength reduction factor are proposed for evaluating the performance of CFST slender beam-columns. Computational algorithms developed are shown to be an accurate and efficient computer simulation and design tool for biaxially loaded high-strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. The verification of the multiscale numerical model and parametric study are presented in a companion paper.     

High strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns,Part II: Behavior

Experimental and numerical research on full-scale high strength thin-walled rectangular steel slender tubes filled with high strength concrete has not been reported in the literature. In a companion paper, a new numerical model was presented that simulates the nonlinear inelastic behavior of uniaxially loaded high strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns with local buckling effects. The progressive local and post-local buckling of thin steel tube walls under stress gradients was incorporated in the numerical model. This paper presents the verification of the numerical model developed and its applications to the investigation into the fundamental behavior of high strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. Experimental ultimate strengths and load-deflection responses of CFST slender beam-columns tested by independent researchers are used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. The verified numerical model is then utilized to investigate the effects of local buckling, column slenderness ratio, depth-to-thickness ratio, loading eccentricity ratio, concrete compressive strengths and steel yield strengths on the behavior of high strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. It is demonstrated that the numerical model is accurate and efficient for determining the behavior of high strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns with local buckling effects. Numerical results presented in this study are useful for the development of composite design codes for high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns.     

High strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns,Part I: Modeling

High strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns under eccentric loading may undergo local and overall buckling. The modeling of the interaction between local and overall buckling is highly complicated. There is relatively little numerical study on the interaction buckling of high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns. This paper presents a new numerical model for simulating the nonlinear inelastic behavior of uniaxially loaded high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns with local buckling effects. The cross-section strengths of CFST beam-columns are modeled using the fiber element method. The progressive local and post-local buckling of thin steel tube walls under stress gradients is simulated by gradually redistributing normal stresses within the steel tube walls. New efficient Müller's method algorithms are developed to iterate the neutral axis depth in the cross-sectional analysis and to adjust the curvature at the columns ends in the axial load–moment interaction strength analysis of a slender beam-column to satisfy equilibrium conditions. Analysis procedures for determining the load–deflection and axial load–moment interaction curves for high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns incorporating progressive local bucking and initial geometric imperfections are presented. The new numerical model developed is shown to be efficient for predicting axial load–deflection and axial load–moment interaction curves for high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns. The verification of the numerical model and parametric studies is given in a companion paper.     

G550高强冷弯薄壁Z形钢受弯构件承载力试验与直接强度法研究

为了研究高强冷弯薄壁型钢构件的受弯性能和完善直接强度法,对卷边形式为斜卷边、直卷边和复杂卷边的12个G550高强冷弯薄壁Z形钢受弯试件进行了静力试验。试验结果表明,卷边形式对试件屈曲模式和受弯承载力有显著影响,试件发生了局部与畸变相关屈曲或畸变屈曲,直卷边试件的承载力高于斜卷边试件的承载力,复杂Ⅱ型卷边试件的承载力高于复杂Ⅰ型卷边试件的承载力。根据试验结果并结合现有国外直接强度法公式,回归出G550高强冷弯薄壁Z形钢受弯构件发生局部与畸变相关屈曲变形时的承载力直接强度法修正公式,当此类构件发生畸变屈曲时,无需再修正现有直接强度法公式。建立有限元模型对试验进行了分析,分析结果与试验结果吻合良好。在此基础上,利用大量有限元分析结果验证了直接强度法修正公式比现有直接强度法公式对此类构件的承载力的预测更为安全可靠。     

Experimental research on mechanical behavior of concrete-filled thin-walled stiffened square steel tubular short column under axial load

为研究带肋薄壁方钢管混凝土轴压短柱的受力性能,以钢管宽厚比、加劲肋宽度和加劲肋个数为参数,对26个薄壁方钢管混凝土短柱进行了试验研究。研究结果表明：对于无肋试件,在达到承载力以前管壁已经发生鼓曲,且试件宽厚比越大,鼓曲越早发生,鼓曲部位的钢管截面越早退出工作,没有发挥出钢管混凝土的优势。设置加劲肋后薄壁方钢管混凝土短柱的受力性能得到明显改善,钢管壁的局部鼓曲得以延缓,材料强度得到了充分利用,试件承载力提高。当试件宽厚比为60、80时,加劲肋宽度对试件承载力影响最明显,加劲肋宽度越大,承载力越高,增加加劲肋个数对试件承载力影响不大;而当试件宽厚比为100时,设置单个加劲肋已不能满足对管壁局部屈曲的抗弯刚度要求,必须增加加劲肋的个数以增加约束钢管变形的支撑点,减小管壁局部屈曲的波长,提高试件局部屈曲的临界荷载。同时利用ABAQUS有限元计算软件对薄壁带肋方钢管混凝土轴压短柱的受力全过程进行了模拟,并将试验结果与有限元模拟结果进行了对比,两者吻合良好,为下一步分析奠定基础。     

格构式压弯杆平面内稳定计算

对我国几本钢结构设计规范 (程 )中格构式压弯杆的平面内稳定计算公式与数值分析的结果进行了对比 ,定量地说明了当前格构式柱子平面内稳定性计算公式存在偏不安全的问题。根据数值分析结果 ,建议对格构式压弯杆采用与实腹式压弯杆相同的计算公式。     

实心与空心钢管混凝土构件防火计算方法

目前关于钢管混凝土的耐火研究还主要集中在实心构件上,空心钢管混凝土的相关研究则不足。而实心钢管混凝土可以看作是空心钢管混凝土的特例,因此,很有必要将实心和空心钢管混凝土统一在一起进行研究。采用理论和有限元计算相结合的方法,对钢管混凝土构件在标准火灾下的承载力进行了研究。最终,给出了实、空心钢管混凝土构件在标准火灾下任意时刻的承载力计算公式和保护层厚度的计算方法。     

平面非对称钢框架结构在水平荷载下的极限承载力估计

平面不规则框架结构由于外力作用中心和刚度中心的不重合,会产生扭转,使得部分框架的承载力不能充分发挥.提出了一种塑性设计中对于钢框架结构整体水平极限承载力的简化估计方法,给出了完整的计算过程、公式和示意图,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对9个框架进行了分析,给出这种框架水平承载力以及相应的结构层间变形的有限元分析和简化估计结果,并进行比较,证明此简化估计方法能给出较好和偏于安全的结果.     

多室式钢管混凝土T形偏压短柱性能分析

采用ABAQUS软件,建立了多室式钢管混凝土T形短柱的有限元模型。对3个轴压短柱试件进行了模拟分析,得出荷载-位移曲线,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比。在此基础上对多室式钢管混凝土T形短柱的偏压性能进行了大量数值模拟计算,得出了其N/Nu-M/Mu相关曲线,分析了各参数对其N/Nu-M/Mu相关曲线的影响。参考矩形钢管混凝土柱承载力的计算理论和方法,在分析计算数据的基础上,建立了多室式钢管混凝土T形短柱偏压承载力的简化计算公式。分析结果表明,所提出的偏压强度承载力计算公式与数值模拟结果符合良好,可供工程设计参考。     

钢管自密实混凝土短柱的有限元分析

钢管自密实混凝土在工程结构中得到了广泛的应用.通过理论分析,建立了轴心受压钢管自密实混凝土短柱的承载力计算公式.并借助有限元分析软件ANSYS,考虑了钢管与混凝土两种材料本构关系的非线性,对轴心受压钢管自密实混凝土短柱进行了大量的非线性有限元分析,建立了钢管自密实混凝土短柱在轴心压力作用下的非线性有限元计算模型.通过数值模拟,对提出的轴心受压钢管自密实混凝土短柱的承载力计算公式得出的结果进行了验证,发现计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合良好.     

Structural behaviour and design of lightweight structural panels using perforated cold-formed thin-walled sections under compression

Cold-formed thin-walled steel sections are widely used as primary loadbearing members in lightweight panels that form walls in residential and other low rise structures. In cold regions, the webs of the steel sections are often perforated to reduce the cold bridging effect in order to increase thermal comfort and reduce energy waste. Perforating the web of a steel section will reduce its loadbearing capacity. This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study to investigate the compression behaviour of lightweight structural panels using perforated sections. The primary objective of the tests is to provide experimental data to validate the numerical simulations, which were carried out using the commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The validated FE analysis was used to develop a simple design calculation method to convert a section with perforated web to a section with solid web. In the equivalent solid web, the thickness of the solid web would have the same elastic local buckling strength as the original perforated web with the gross thickness while the thickness of the unperforated flanges remains unchanged. By converting a thin-walled section with perforated web to a solid section with an effective web thickness, the conventional design methods for thin-walled structures can be applied.