波动谱元模拟中透射边界稳定性分析

无限域波动数值模拟中,人工边界的稳定性是获得可靠模拟结果的前提。具有高阶精度的谱元法和透射边界两者结合的数值模拟方案显示出较好的模拟精度和数值稳定性,然而,仍然存在数值失稳现象,其失稳机理和稳定条件尚不明确,相应的理论分析极为欠缺。该文针对透射边界在高阶谱元法中的稳定性,依据高阶谱单元中非等间距节点的周期延拓特点,通过构建内域和边界数值格式的向量形式来分析人工边界反射系数。进而保证边界对谱元法中存在的真实模态和虚假模态的反射系数均小于等于1,从而得到透射边界的稳定条件,其表现为无量纲边界参数和谱元参数之间的关系,其含义为透射边界人工波速与介质物理波速的比值限定在一定范围内。同时揭示了透射边界引发高频失稳的机理,即边界对谱元法中虚假模态的反复反射放大所致。最后采用数值实验验证了透射边界稳定条件。     

管道声传播问题的一种高精度数值模拟

采用高精度的切比雪夫谱元法对管道声学模型的声场进行数值模拟。该解法对基于线性化欧拉方程的声场传播控制方程在空间上进行谱元离散,并推导了隐式时间积分的公式。通过Gaussian扰动波问题进行了算法测试,然后对带有管壁反射边界和进出口吸收边界的管道声学模型进行数值模拟,并给出具体算例进行求解分析,其结果符合线性声学理论,表明谱元方法对求解和分析计算气动声学问题具有良好的适应性和有效性。     

谱元法与透射边界的配合使用及其稳定性研究

在无限域波动模拟中引入透射边界条件时,目前多将边界上的透射公式与内域的有限元法结合使用,其计算精度由有限元方法决定,而谱元法因结合有限元和频谱法的优势则比有限元空间域积分具有更高的计算精度。该文基于谱元法非等距网格划分特性,研究了内域的谱元法与边界上的透射公式结合的理论方法,给出了相应的透射公式使用方法,并基于建立的谱元法波动数值模型探讨了透射公式的稳定性问题。研究表明:空间域插值系数需控制在一个合理范围内,空间域插值方法相对于时间域插值方法更为稳定,高频失稳出现可能性相对较小;Gamma算子的使用可提高模拟的精度,采用Gamma算子后对于高阶透射公式仍可出现低频漂移现象,可结合降阶消漂的方式实现稳定精度高的透射边界应用。     

基于谱元法的复合材料裂纹梁Lamb波传播特性研究

基于谱元法提出了一种弹簧元来模拟复合材料梁由于横向裂纹导致的轴弯耦合效应,分析复合材料裂纹梁中Lamb波的传播特性。由断裂力学的相关知识求得弹簧元的刚度,建立复合材料裂纹梁的损伤谱元模型。通过模拟复合材料裂纹梁内Lamb波传播,并和传统的有限元结果进行比较,验证了所提出模型的可行性和有效性。推导了频域内Lamb波各模态的能量计算公式,裂纹处的能量守恒证明了所提出模型的正确性,同时计算表明复合材料梁中裂纹处反射与透射的Lamb波各模态能量随着裂纹深度的变化规律具有单调性,结论可以为定量识别复合材料梁裂纹提供实用依据。     

求解远场声辐射问题的一种快速边界元法

针对传统边界元法奇异性的固有缺陷,研究一种求解结构辐射声场的间接边界元法。通过在内域虚拟曲面上配置一系列单偶极子源,等效模拟结构外辐射声场,并根据单元体积速度匹配法的边界条件方案,给出数值计算辐射声场的间接边界元模型。结合球冠形辐射器的仿真算例,表明该间接边界元法在求解远场声特性时具有较高的计算效率和精度,为分析设计具有大空间指向性的辐射器提供参考。     

运动介质中奇异边界元积分式的精确求解

采用边界元方法求解与运动介质相关声学问题时,难点之一是如何精确计算场点与源点重合所导致的奇异积分式。论文提出一种将具有奇性的单元面积分式拆分为奇性和非奇性积分部分分别进行计算的新方法。对奇性积分部分,经过严格的数学推导给出解析解;而对非奇性积分部分则通过高斯积分法处理。新方法可有效地提高边界元计算精度和效率,对运动介质中的有关声学问题的边界元数值计算具有重要意义。     

一种高效的发动机辐射噪声计算方法研究

为了解决发动机辐射噪声计算的精度和效率问题,基于表面速度振动原理,利用Matlab程序,开发了一种高效的发动机辐射噪声声功率模拟计算软件。分别用边界元法、快速多级边界元法和Matlab程序软件对比分析了普通平板、发动机缸盖罩和发动机动力总成辐射声功率的计算精度和效率,结果显示,在保证高的计算精度情况下,用Matlab程序软件计算发动机缸盖罩辐射声功率的效率是边界元法的25倍,是快速多级边界元法的123倍;用Matlab程序软件计算发动机动力总成辐射声功率的效率是边界元法的141倍,是快速多级边界元法的108倍。     

激光干涉仪反射镜三维温度场的快速多极边界元分析

温差造成光刻机激光干涉仪反射镜热变形,从而影响光刻机的精度。该文将基于二次单元的快速边界元法用于激光干涉仪反射镜的大规模温度场模拟。不连续单元的引入可以有效处理角点问题;新型快速多极算法用于边界元法的加速求解。建立统一的二次单元多极展开格式以处理混合边界。数值算例分析了快速多极边界元法的计算精度和效率,并和常规算法比较;使用该算法对激光干涉仪反射镜进行了大规模温度场计算,并和有限元法比较。结果表明:基于二次单元的快速多极边界元法可以高精度求解大规模三维传热问题。     

真实梁板壳局部应力分析的高性能边界元法

经过数十年的发展边界元法在学术界已被看成有限元法的重要补充,但是要使这种补充成为工程界的实际需要还必须用它解决一些有限元法和其他方法难以解决的问题,这就是要充分发挥其高精度的优势,对一些复杂问题得到可靠的结果。为此作者近年通过误差分析提出了一种高精度边界元法计算方案,它在没有解析解和其他数值解做比较的情况下也能求得边界元法的收敛解。这种新方法的一个重要应用领域就是真实梁板壳结构的局部应力分析,即考虑梁板壳结构边缘实际几何、和基座或周围构件联合进行三维高精度边界元分析。该文给出了两个二维高精度边界元分析的算例,一个是真实悬臂薄板梁的横向弯曲,另一个是承受内压的无限长加肋圆柱壳,其中前一个算例揭示了真实悬臂薄板梁端部的局部应力远高于由梁弯曲理论所得到的应力。该文同时建立了悬臂薄板梁三维分析的边界元模型,其边界自由度数已经超出了在微机上用常规边界元法能够求解的规模。因此必须将高精度边界元法结合快速算法才能胜任此类分析,这就是作者提出的高性能边界元法的含义。最后作者展望了这两个相关新领域将要开展的研究内容,希望起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

基于谱元法的复杂地形风场大涡模拟

以Askervein山为研究对象,基于开源平台Nek5000,自编程序完成复杂地形下谱元法的网格建模,添加计算湍流粘性项子程序,对复杂地形风场进行大涡模拟,并与场地实测数据及其它数值结果进行对比。结果表明,谱元法的大涡模拟结果与Askervein山的场地实测结果符合较好,表明该方法在复杂地形风场的预测上有较高的精度,可用于复杂地形的风能资源评估。     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

Thermodynamic similarity and prediction of the properties and characteristics of substances and processes

Principles of the theory of thermodynamic similarity are considered in application to all aggregate states of a substance, including phase transitions, and to the change in dissipative structures in open systems.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 709–716, November, 1987.     

Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究现状及其展望

碳化硼陶瓷具有极高的硬度,然而其低韧性、低抗弯强度、难以致密化限制了它的广泛应用.已有一些研究集中于碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化,对这一方面国内外研究进展进行了归纳与评述,阐明各种增韧补强和致密化方法的优缺点,提出碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究值得发展的一些方向.     

Measurement and analysis of elastic and anelastic properties of alumina and silicon carbide

Measurements of dynamic Young's modulus, E, and damping as a function of temperature, T, were made for alumina and silicon carbide. The Young's modulus data were compared with some from the literature, and analysed in terms of a theoretical framework relating the Debye temperature, θD, with the elastic constants. For both materials this analysis yielded a ratio T₀/θ_D which was near 0.4, where T₀ is an empirical fitting constant for the plot of (E(0)−E)/T versus 1/T (E(0) is the value of E at 0 K). The analysis of the damping data in terms of an Arrhenius type dependence led to effective activation energies near kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanisms of Corosion and Oxidation of Metals and Alloys

Selected topics in field of the study of the mechanisms of corrosion and of oxidation of metals or alloys are presented. The first part reports a new model for the mechanism of the breakaway oxidation of ferritic stainless steels in water vapour. The second part is devoted to the physico‐chemical aspects of oxidation and presents experimental methods useful in the kinetic modelling applied to two alloys, the zircalloy‐4 and an AlMg5 % in the liquid state. In the third part the physical and numerical modelling of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour in face‐centered cubic (fcc) alloys is detailed, which enables the study of the influence of macroscopic parameters (such as the temperature or hydrogen activity) on the fracture process.     

Surface-charge density and potential of coal-liquid mixtures and control of their stability and fluidity

The preparation conditions of concentrated (>70%) aqueous suspensions of coal were optimized, as were the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal-water suspensions. The theoretical study showed that (1–3) or (2–3) electrolytes such as Na₂SO₄ or Na₅P₃O₁₀, greatly increase the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal particles in water. This study has led to the interesting result that thinners and stabilizing agents of concentrated clay suspensions, such as lignosulphonates, tripolyphosphates, polynaphtalene sulphonates, etc., must also be good thinners and stabilizing agents for ground coal-water suspensions. Two parameters were controlled: the stability and the fluidity of the suspensions. A penetrometry technique revealed the importance of the resistance coefficient,C _r that can be used as a criterion for the evaluation of coal-water mixture stability and fluidity. Concentrated coal suspensions (about 75% of solid by weight) were prepared in water by using different additives, for instance sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) and surfactants like lignosulphonates (by coupling of the dispersion and stabilizing effects) with the optimum concentration ratio of these two products equal to 1.9. The stability of the suspensions was then greater than 2 months and the viscosity was 1900 cP.     

SARS传染病数学建模及预测预防控制机理研究

首先，利用疾病传播的一般规律及人口守恒统计法则建立了四类人的SARS传染病数学模型，然后运用数学方法对四类人的SARS传染病数学模型进行分析，得出了其生理意义和预防、控制机理。其次，利用人工神经网络理论建立了SARS的预测模型，以北京市的SARS数据为例进行了预测和分析，预测结果显示该模型简单易行，预测精度高。     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。