谱元法与透射边界的配合使用及其稳定性研究

在无限域波动模拟中引入透射边界条件时,目前多将边界上的透射公式与内域的有限元法结合使用,其计算精度由有限元方法决定,而谱元法因结合有限元和频谱法的优势则比有限元空间域积分具有更高的计算精度。该文基于谱元法非等距网格划分特性,研究了内域的谱元法与边界上的透射公式结合的理论方法,给出了相应的透射公式使用方法,并基于建立的谱元法波动数值模型探讨了透射公式的稳定性问题。研究表明:空间域插值系数需控制在一个合理范围内,空间域插值方法相对于时间域插值方法更为稳定,高频失稳出现可能性相对较小;Gamma算子的使用可提高模拟的精度,采用Gamma算子后对于高阶透射公式仍可出现低频漂移现象,可结合降阶消漂的方式实现稳定精度高的透射边界应用。     

透射边界与谱元法的结合及对波动模拟精度的改进

实现与高精度的谱元法具有一致精度的人工边界条件,对基于谱元法的波动数值模拟具有重要意义。给出了具有多阶精度的多次透射公式(MTF)与节点不等间距分布的谱元法的结合方法,并在通用的采用显式Newmark预估校正式和并行计算技术的谱元程序SPECFEM2D和SPECFEM3D中实现。利用改进后的谱元程序模拟了二维和三维模型下波源问题的响应,模拟结果与程序自带的黏性边界的结果及远置解的对比表明,结合MTF的谱元程序显著提高了对边界处大角度入射的体波及面波的吸收效果,消除了黏性边界存在的漂移现象。高阶MTF是与高精度的谱元法相匹配的边界条件。     

弹性波模拟中局部透射边界的反射特征及参数优化EI北大核心CSCD

研究一种新型局部透射边界对弹性波的反射特征,以提高模拟复杂波动问题时的边界精度。此时存在P-P、P-S和S-P、S-S两组(4种)反射,反射系数基于P波和S波势函数定义。将势函数表示的波场转化为u和w分量形式,再代入边界公式,推导出反射系数R_(pp),R_(ps),R_(sp),R_(ss)的表达式。理论分析与数值试验相结合,得出如下研究结果:新型边界的多种计算波速配置能够很好地实现对P,S两种物理波速波动能量的同步吸收;弹性介质自身特性给反射系数带来了附加零反射角度,这对边界精度有利;S-P反射有时会出现异常大值,这会严重破坏边界精度,不过,当大部分(如1/1,2/2,2/3,3/4,3/5,…)人工波速参数被严格设定为S波波速时就不会出现这个问题。     

无限域波动问题的有限元模型

本文基于半解析波动方程,推导了无限域粘弹性人工边界单元。在有限元波动模型中,统一了节点计算稳定性问题;提出了合理的人工边界反射系数公式,为有限元模型提供了理论基础。SH波数值分析表明本文有限元模型具有多向波动透射能力。     

采用粘弹性人工边界单元时显式算法稳定性分析

在土-结构地震反应或近场地震波动问题的分析中,常采用粘弹性人工边界单元将无限域问题转化为近场有限域问题进行计算。由于粘弹性人工边界单元的材料参数和单元尺寸与内部介质单元不同,采用显式时域逐步积分算法时,人工边界区与内部系统的数值稳定条件存在差异,但目前尚未有针对性的分析方法和研究成果,影响了显式数值稳定条件的确定和稳定积分时间步长的正确选取。针对二维粘弹性人工边界单元,该文提出一种分析显式时域逐步积分算法稳定性的方法:建立可代表人工边界区域特征的,包含人工边界单元的若干局部子系统,对各子系统的传递矩阵进行分析,给出采用显式时域逐步积分算法时各子系统的稳定条件解析解。通过对各子系统的稳定条件进行对比分析,获得了采用粘弹性人工边界单元时,显式时域逐步积分算法的统一稳定性条件。当内部介质区也满足该稳定条件时,这一条件成为使整体系统数值计算稳定的充分条件,可用于指导数值分析中离散时间步长的选取。     

基于ABAQUS的动水压力波双渐近透射边界单元及应用

高阶双渐近透射边界能够在全频范围内迅速逼近准确解,具有很高的计算精度和计算效率。基于大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS提供的用户子程序接口UEL开发了动水压力波双渐近透射边界单元,实现了有限元-双渐近透射边界时域耦合分析模型。双渐近透射边界单元的刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵均为常矩阵,在分析计算中仅需计算一次,因此可以预先求解再读入ABAQUS以提高计算效率。通过数值算例验证了双渐近透射边界单元程序的正确性,并将其应用到大坝-库水动力相互作用分析。算例分析结果表明,双渐近透射边界单元具有良好的稳定性和计算精度,适用于实际大坝的地震响应分析。     

采用粘弹性人工边界时显式算法稳定性的改善研究

在显式动力计算中引入粘弹性人工边界时,受人工边界刚度和阻尼等因素影响,整体模型的数值积分稳定性将变得更为严格,这在一定程度上限制了粘弹性人工边界在大规模显式动力计算中的应用。该文基于对采用粘弹性人工边界的显式时域逐步积分算法稳定性条件的分析及其影响因素的研究,提出通过对人工边界附加集中质量来改善其数值积分稳定性的方法,发展了稳定性更优的改进粘弹性人工边界。为确定合理的人工边界质量值,利用基于局部子系统的稳定性分析方法推导得到改进粘弹性人工边界的稳定性条件,通过比较分析给出人工边界质量参数的建议值。采用该建议值后,粘弹性人工边界区的数值积分稳定性条件优于内部计算域的稳定性条件,整体计算模型的稳定性由内部计算域控制,此时可以用常规的稳定性判别准则来确定临界时间积分步长。数值算例表明,该文提出的粘弹性人工边界数值积分稳定性改善方法在提高计算效率的同时保持原人工边界的计算精度,具有较强的实用性。     

一种高阶精度人工边界条件:出平面外域波动问题

针对无限外域中的出平面波动问题,提出一种用于近场波动有限元分析的高阶精度人工边界条件。首先,采用变量分离法求解远场初边值问题,建立了时空全局的精确动力刚度人工边界条件;然后,发展了一种由有理函数近似和辅助变量实现构成的时间局部化方法,并将其应用于动力刚度人工边界条件,得到时间局部的高阶精度人工边界条件;最后,沿人工边界离散高阶精度人工边界条件,并将其与近场集中质量有限元方程耦合,形成对称的时间二阶常微分方程组,采用一种新的显式时间积分方法进行求解。数值算例表明:提出的高阶精度人工边界条件精确、高效、稳定并且容易在现有的有限元代码中实现。     

波浪与弹性板作用的数值模拟

该文采用高阶有限元和边界元联合的方法求解波浪与弹性板的相互作用。其中流场采用边界元法求解,结构弹性响应方程采用基于Mindlin板理论的有限元方法求解,通过模态叠加技术实现了弹性板变形与流场相互作用的解耦。通过对一矩形板的计算,验证了该文方法与他人试验结果和数值模拟结果都吻合良好。利用这一模型进一步分析了波浪与弹性圆形板的作用问题,并对圆形板运动响应的收敛性进行了分析。     

基于多模态展开的黏弹性材料复纵波波速反演方法

黏弹性材料广泛应用于水下航行器的降噪、减振或消声,精确获取其动力学参数的需求随着数值仿真技术发展而迅速提升。针对参数获取的声管测量方式,提出了一种使用复反射系数对黏弹性材料复纵波波速快速反演的方法。通过引入多模态展开方法,将复纵波波数超越方程的复平面搜根问题转化为展开系数系统矩阵特征值分解问题,推导出了三种典型背衬情况下展开系数系统矩阵,并分析了多模态展开截断阶次和复反射系数测量误差对复纵波波速反演精度的影响。数值仿真表明,该方法可以快速、准确地反演黏弹性材料的复纵波波速。     

A time discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for generalized thermo-elastic wave analysis, considering non-Fourier effects

Generalized thermo-elastic theory, which is based on the non-Fourier theory, indicates that there is a time delay between the heat flux vector and the temperature gradient. At present, the traditional numerical method for solving the thermo-elastic problem subjected to high-frequency heat source generally fails to properly capture discontinuities of impulsive waves in space and produces spurious numerical oscillations in the simulation of high modes and sharp gradients. In the paper, a time discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM) for the solution of generalized thermo-elastic coupled problems is presented on the basis of well-known Lord–Shulman theory. The essential feature of the DGFEM is that the general temperature-displacement vector and its temporal gradient are assumed to be discontinuous and interpolated individually at each time level in time domain, respectively. In order to filter out the spurious wave-front oscillations, an artificial damping scheme is implemented in the final finite element formula. Numerical results show that the present DGFEM shows good abilities and provides much more accurate solutions for generalized thermo-elastic coupled behavior. It can capture the discontinuities effectively at the wave front and filter out the effects of spurious numerical oscillation induced by a high-frequency thermal shock.     

扭转振动数值分析的粘弹性传输边界

传输边界是动力问题有限元计算中常见的边界处理方式。该文针对扭转振动引起半无限域内柱面剪切波有限元分析的传输边界,通过两种近似推导,提出了两种粘弹性传输边界,并对其计算精度进行了计算分析。数值分析结果显示,两种粘弹性边界都可以较好地模拟扭转振动分析时地基的无限性。同时,对这里考虑的扭转振动来说,粘弹性边界条件中的弹簧刚度与实际静力刚度相等时,传输边界的精度更高。     

An efficient finite element time‐domain formulation for the elastic second‐order wave equation: A non‐split complex frequency shifted convolutional PML

The perfectly matched layer (PML) technique has demonstrated very high efficiency as absorbing boundary condition for the elastic wave equation recast as a first‐order system in velocity and stress in attenuating non‐grazing bulk and surface waves. This paper develops a novel convolutional PML formulation based on the second‐order wave equation with displacements as the only unknowns to annihilate spurious reflections from near‐grazing waves. The derived variational form allows for the use of e.g. finite element and the spectral element methods as spatial discretization schemes. A recursive convolution update scheme of second‐order accuracy is employed such that highly stable, effective time integration with the Newmark‐beta (implicit and explicit with mass lumping) method is achieved. The implementation requires minor modifications of existing displacement‐based finite element software, and the stability and efficiency of the proposed formulation is verified by relevant two‐dimensional benchmarks that accommodate bulk and surface waves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半圆柱型沉积盆地对SH波散射的数值分析

该文实现了一种半无限域SH波散射问题的数值分析方法。采用传递矩阵法得到SH波斜入射时的自由场,将其作为输入;采用集中质量显式有限元方法计算区域内节点的位移;采用透射人工边界计算人工边界点的位移;通过编写的FORTRAN程序实现计算过程。运用该方法对均匀半空间内半圆柱型沉积盆地在SH波入射下的散射进行了分析,与Trifunac M D的解析解进行了对比,验证了该文方法的有效性,分析了不同入射角对地表位移和位移谱放大系数的影响。最后,对成层半空间内半圆柱型沉积盆地在SH波入射下的散射进行了分析。相对于解析方法而言,该方法可以考虑更为复杂地形情况。     

应用非线性Lamb波识别三维铝板中的微裂纹方向的研究

针对结构中不同裂纹方向的检测问题,采用数值模拟的方法,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立了一种包含人工粘弹性吸收边界的三维铝板模型,对Lamb波S0模态信号与微裂纹的非线性关系进行研究。在该模型中,将三维埋藏微裂纹嵌入到模型内部的固定位置,在相同激励条件下改变裂纹方向并对仿真获得的时域信号进行频谱分析,然后对不同裂纹方向的二次谐波与基波信号的幅值比指向性图的变化规律进行了比较和讨论。仿真结果表明,不同方向的裂纹对Lamb波在裂纹区的散射场分布有明显的影响,波的传播路径满足反射定律,且前向散射信号的幅值比普遍大于后向散射的幅值比。加上人工吸收边界后,前向散射与后向散射的幅值比差值随着裂纹方向角度的增大而增大。检测结果表明,该方法可以在误差允许范围内对任意裂纹方向的角度进行识别。     

Transmitting boundary conditions for 1D peridynamics

The peridynamic theory reformulates the equations of continuum mechanics in terms of integro‐differential equations instead of partial differential equations. It is not straightforward to apply the available artificial boundary conditions for continua to peridynamic modeling. We therefore develop peridynamic transmitting boundary conditions (PTBCs) for 1D wave propagation. Differently from the previous method where the matching boundary condition is constructed for only one boundary material point, the PTBCs are established by considering the interaction and exchange of information between a group of boundary material points and another group of inner material points. The motion of the boundary material points is recursively constructed in terms of their locations and is determined through matching the peridynamic dispersion relation. The effectiveness of the PTBCs is examined by reflection analyses, numerical tests, and numerical convergent conditions. Furthermore, two‐way interfacial conditions are proposed. The PTBCs are then applied to simulations of wave propagation in a bar with a defect, a composite bar with interfaces, and a domain with a seismic source. All the analyses and applications demonstrate that the PTBCs can effectively remove undesired numerical reflections at artificial boundaries. The methodology may be applied to modeling of wave propagation by other nonlocal theories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Approach to Lamb Wave Lateral Crack Quantification in Elastic Plate Based on Reflection and Transmission Coefficients Surfaces

Ultrasonic guided wave is promising in structure integrity management, but there is still much to learn about it because of its complex mechanism. Defect sizing or quantification is very important for structure inspection using ultrasonic guided waves, and this inverse problem is also very difficult to solve. The work presented in this article aims to resolve the lateral crack quantification problem in the inspection of thin elastic plate using Lamb wave. First, two-dimensional (2D) boundary element method (BEM) simulation was used to study the interaction of one chosen pure mode Lamb wave with lateral crack defect, and this could be defined as the forward problem. Then reflection and transmission coefficients surfaces were built from the results of the numerical simulation. Finally, an approach for lateral crack quantification based on these reflection and transmission coefficients surfaces was proposed. The quantification examples show that the presented approach gives acceptable accuracy. Some limitations of this approach are also discussed.     

Ultrasonic Guided Wave NDT for Hidden Corrosion Detection

An experimental study of hidden corrosion detection by using ultrasonic guided waves is presented combined with a BEM numerical simulation. Both corrosion simulation specimens by machine cutting and real corrosion specimens by electrochemical processing were used in the investigation, with a range of corrosion depths from 0.02 to 0.4 mm (1.5 to 20% of the original plate thickness). Various wave modes were subsequently generated on these specimens to examine the implications of thinning on mode cutoff, group velocity, and transmission and reflection amplitudes. The transmission and reflection of guided waves upon entering the corrosion zone were simulated by a hybrid BEM calculation that combines a normal mode expansion technique of Lamb waves for far fields with the boundary element representation for the scattered near fields. A quantitative technique for hidden corrosion depth with guided waves is developed based on a frequency compensation concept. The estimated depth of the real corrosion by this method shows good agreement with that by an optical microscope.