21—4N钢的过热与锻造裂纹

２１－４Ｎ钢在１２１０￣１２５０℃加热时，不同程度地出现晶粒粗化，晶界被Ｍ２Ｎ和Ｍ７Ｃ３弱化的过热组织特征，温度愈高，过热程度愈大。过热后，不适当的锻造另工温度促使锻造裂纹的形成，锻造裂纹起源于锻坯表面，沿大晶粒间界扩展。     

锻造工艺对7A09铝合金锻件晶粒组织的影响

采用7A09铝合金过热处理工艺实验,研究其过热显微组织形态;采用4种锻造温度(440、460、480、500℃)对应3种变形程度ε(45%、68.3%、76.7%)进行了锻造实验,分析了锻造温度和变形程度对锻后晶粒组织的影响。过热处理工艺实验研究表明,随着加热温度的升高、保温时间的延长,晶粒变大;在加热温度440℃保温时间6 h后锻件的显微组织图上出现了织构组织,在加热温度500℃保温时间10 h后过烧现象明显;锻造工艺实验研究表明,获得锻后晶粒细小组织的最佳锻造工艺参数是锻造温度440℃和变形程度76.7%。     

轧辊用钢加热时重结晶的某些特性

为了得到细晶粒的组织,轧辊锻坯在终锻时的加热温度取决于变形程度(锻造比)。当锻造比小于1.6时,加热温度可降低100～150℃。低温加热,在大多数加热炉中难以配套装炉,导致钢的变形抗力增大,因此,锻造生产率下降、此外,低温锻造时,钢的塑性降低,促使裂纹的形成。对于在热变形温度区向,具有低塑性的高碳轧辊钢90X来说,这样的锻造特别危险。很多结构钢锻件,可以加热到最高锻造温度(1200～1250℃),而与随后的变形程度无关,因为在锻造后进行热处理时,伴随着αγ转变,使晶粒细化,从而保证得到零件所必须的组织和性能。本文试图评定用热处理方法,矫正高碳轧辊用钢90Xφ,9X_2Mφ和75X_2ΓMφ锻造加热时所得到的粗晶粒组织的可能性。     

钛合金β晶粒生长规律及晶粒尺寸对损伤容限性能的影响

分别对α+β两相区及β单相区锻造的TC4合金在相变点以上温度保温,然后对不同温度条件下原始β晶粒尺寸进行统计,并测试了几种不同晶粒尺寸下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率及断裂韧性.晶粒尺寸统计结果显示:原始β晶粒尺寸不仅与热处理温度和时间有关,也与锻造工艺有关.原始β晶粒尺寸与保温时问呈指数关系;在1 h条件下原始β晶粒尺寸并不总是随温度的升高一直增大,在某个温度范围内有一极值;锻造工艺不同,原始β晶粒尺寸波动也不同.从晶粒生长的热力学及动力学两方面对上述现象进行了分析.力学性能结果显示晶粒尺寸对裂纹扩展速率及断裂韧性均有影响,并对影响机理进行了分析.     

1Mn18Cr18N钢无磁性护环锻件的试制

1Mn18Cr18N钢系无磁性高锰奥氏体不锈钢,该钢种合金含量高,可锻温度区间窄,在锻造过程中易出现表面裂纹。采用电炉冶炼、电渣重熔工艺获得优质钢锭。锻造加热温度为1190~1210℃,终锻温度在900℃以上。多火次,小压下量锻造,把表面裂纹减轻到最低程度。固溶处理后生产出了满足用户需求的护环锻件。     

用复合正火法细化过热锻件的粗大晶粒

在锻造加热过程中,如加热温度过高或在高温下停留时间过长,都容易使金属的晶粒过分长大,形成大于一号晶粒的组织,这种现象就是过热。过热会使金属的强度降低,塑性及冲击韧性变差,使钢的机械性能恶化。有些过热组织用正常热处理方法可以消除,这种过热称为不稳定过热;有些过热组织用正常的热处理方法却不能完全消除,这种过热称为稳定过热。     

石油管道阀体大锻件晶粒尺寸的数值模拟及实验研究

通过DEFORM-3D三维模拟软件,模拟了石油管道阀体大锻件锤上热模锻成形过程。利用相应的微观组织模型,分析了不同始锻温度对阀体锻件晶粒尺寸的影响,并探讨了阀体锻件成形的晶粒细化机理,同时对晶粒尺寸进行了预测。模拟结果表明:始锻温度为1150和1200℃的阀体大锻件的晶粒细化程度要优于始锻温度为1100℃的阀体大锻件的晶粒细化程度;当初始锻造温度为1150℃时,晶粒细化效果最好,整体锻件平均晶粒尺寸为46.2μm;当初始锻造温度为1200℃时,锻件晶粒发生局部粗化的现象。经生产验证:通过改进始锻温度参数,可以实现晶粒进一步的细化,从而使得产品的机械性能及使用性能提高。     

CrNiMoV钢锻件过烧断口研究

Cr-Ni-Mo-V钢锻造后,锻件表面出现肉眼可见的显微裂纹。低倍酸浸腐蚀后,发现在锻件表层的10mm深的区域内,原来钢锭细晶粒层的晶粒显著长大、晶粒尺寸可达2mm。观察低倍断口,在表层10mm区域内呈现石状断口、恰好与等轴细晶粒区相对应。本文用SEM505扫描电镜及EDAX-9100/60能谱仪,BS-613透射电镜研究了石状断口,认为锻造裂纹沿着晶界扩展,由于晶粒粗大产生石状断口,这是由于锻造时钢锭加热温度超过钢的过热度而引起的过烧责任事     

W6M05Cr4V2钢直柄麻花钻淬火晶粒异常的原因分析

W6M05Cr4V2钢制φ10mm轧制直柄麻花钻,经正常温度淬火后发现晶粒异常长大。采用金相检验、化学成分分析、轧制工艺验证和原材料淬火试验等分析了晶粒异常的原因。结果表明,该批直柄麻花钻异常大的淬火晶粒是由于坯料的锻造变形量过小及终锻温度过高所致。     

40CrNi2MoA提环开裂原因分析

40CrNi2MoA提环在弯曲锻造时发现裂纹,通过对试样进行化学分析、金相检验及断口SEM分析对开裂的原因进行了分析。分析发现,锻件裂纹具有明显的锻造裂纹的特征,但组织无明显的过热及过烧等现象。结合裂纹分析和现场具体生产工艺,结果表明,该裂纹的产生系锻件终锻温度过低所致,并在随后的冷却过程中造成裂纹的进一步扩展,最终造成产品开裂报废。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.