基于仿射重投影的增强现实三维注册方法

针对增强现实虚实配准中的无标志点虚实场景注册问题,提出一种基于仿射重投影与自然特征点追踪相结合的虚实注册方法.该方法以仿射变换为桥梁来建立欧氏空间下的摄像机坐标系与世界坐标系之间的变换关系,它与OpenGL等当前流行的图形渲染工具一致,具有更强的通用性;采用基于分类的自然特征匹配策略,能够在视角和视点发生大幅度变化情况下依然正常工作;提出基于特征点集合的仿射坐标系定义方法,使增强现实系统在最小配置下只需4点追踪成功即可完成注册,比需要6点的透视投影方法具有更好的健壮性和精确性.实验结果表明,该方法的运算速度能够达到18帧/s,具有较好的实时性;同时注册误差保持在5mm以内,达到令人满意的配准精度.     

增强现实中的虚实注册技术研究

增强现实是把计算机产生的虚拟物体或其他信息合成到用户看到的真实世界中的一种技术 .实现虚拟信息与真实景象的正确匹配或有机结合是每个增强现实实用系统都必须完成的一项重要任务 ,且它的具体实现需依赖于计算机硬件和软件系统的相互配合及协调 .为了有效地降低增强现实应用系统中的虚实注册误差 ,在对基于位置跟踪和相机定标技术的传统虚实注册技术进行分析的基础上 ,首先研究了仿射变换技术理论在增强现实中的应用 ,并提出了在全局仿射坐标系下 ,获取像素相对深度参数的一种策略 ;然后在对 AR中的虚实注册问题进行研究分析的基础上 ,进一步讨论了图象分析技术在虚实注册问题中的应用问题 ,并提出了一种基于数值背景表达的快速虚实注册策略 ,以提高虚实注册过程中 ,场景特征点提取的精度和速度 ;最后还分别用该仿射理论进行了动态和静态的虚实注册实验 ,实验结果表明 ,该方法能有效地降低增强现实应用系统的虚实注册误差 .     

基于增强现实的人机物理交互仿真系统研究

在增强现实系统中,真实物体和虚拟物体除了要实现视觉上的融合之外,还要能够实现视觉交互和物理交互.仿真系统采用了基于单目视觉的ARToolKit增强现实开发平台,首先对CMOS摄像头采集的图像进行处理,利用模式识别的方法对标识物进行图像匹配,然后对从标识物坐标系到摄像机坐标系的变换矩阵进行计算,实现虚实注册,最后通过对标识物空间位置的改变实现了虚实物体问的单向物理交互.实验结果表明,该系统操作简单直观,具有良好的实时性,交互性及可扩展性.     

基于改进随机蕨的跟踪注册方法研究

针对无标识增强现实跟踪注册方法在复杂环境下存在跟踪注册失败、速度较慢的问题,提出一种基于改进随机蕨的无标识增强现实跟踪注册方法。该方法以真实场景中的目标物体图像作为模板,使用随机蕨分类器进行目标检测,解决环境光照变化或目标被遮挡跟踪注册失败的问题。使用FAST角点进行特征检测提升检测速度,对随机蕨的仿射过程进行改进来弥补特征点尺度不变性和仿射不变性缺失。通过该分类器进行特征匹配,进而估计三维位姿并渲染注册虚拟物体。实验结果证明,该方法具有较好的准确性、实时性和鲁棒性。     

线结构光视觉传感器与CMM集成的一种标定算法

建立了视觉传感器仿射坐标系,在给出仿射坐标系 与CMM坐标系初始转换矩阵的条件下用函数逼近方法拟合出视觉传感器映射关系,并在此基 础上采用基于目标特征点的优化算法来反复修正仿射坐标系与CMM坐标系之间的转换关系, 使坐标转换矩阵估计参数收敛于最小二乘意义下的最优值,实现了视觉传感器建模及其与CM M的集成．本文最后给出了标定实验结果．     

仿射变换虚实配准的空间信息增强表达

伴随着移动GIS和可穿戴计算的出现,GIS作业空间被拓展到户外,户外增强现实空间信息表达致力于将虚拟空间信息叠加到真实地理场景上,增强、拓展用户对地理场景的认知。为了有效地降低空间信息增强表达的虚实配准误差,汲取计算机视觉中的算法思想,提出通过建立全局仿射坐标系,解算虚拟物体到真实场景图像的投影坐标,找到获取像素相对深度参数的方法,进而避开相机定标这个复杂过程,最终为户外增强现实系统提供位置相关的信息源,也为空间信息可视化表达提供了新界面。     

基于动态特征模板匹配的ARToolKit三维注册

针对ARTool Kit三维注册易受光照、遮挡以及旋转变化的影响,提出一种基于动态特征模板匹配的ARTool Kit三维注册方法。通过对摄像头摄入的一帧视频二值化处理后形成的模板图片采用ORB算法检测特征点;然后采用动态特征模板匹配技术进行特征模板匹配;最后计算出三维注册矩阵来将虚拟信息叠加到现实世界中。将Open GL生成的虚拟信息叠加仿真实验,并将该方法与ARTool Kit注册方法对比。仿真结果表明,复杂环境条件下动态模板匹配算法具有较高的实时性和标识物识别率,且基于动态特征模板匹配的ARTool Kit注册具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

一种基于平面模板的虚实配准算法

虚实配准是增强现实的关键技术。因为有运算量小实时性强的特点，利用平面模板进行虚实配准被广泛使用。本文算法利用平面模板进行虚实配准中的单应性映射关系，建立从平面模板坐标系到摄像机坐标系3维空间坐标转换和从摄像机坐标系到投影平面的3维-2维空间坐标转换，既减小了运算量，又解决了人工定标的问题。在实现虚实配准的基础上，进一步探讨了配准的优化问题，对关键的单应性矩阵进行优化筛选，提高虚实配准的强劲性，实现部分标志点被遮挡情况下的虚实配准。实验结果证明，本文算法成功实现了虚实配准，并在抗遮挡性上有强劲的表现。     

基于视频的静止虚拟摄像机生成

虚拟摄像机的生成是虚拟广告系统中一项关键技术,提出一种静止虚拟摄像机生成方法。首先,在视频图像中自动检测比赛场地的特征点,然后根据特征点在图像坐标系与世界坐标系上的匹配关系,利用摄像机定标技术计算出真实摄像机的内外参数,接着把摄像机的内参数和外参数分别转换为虚拟摄像机的视点转换矩阵和投影矩阵,最后在此虚拟摄像机下对虚拟场景进行渲染,把渲染出的图像插入到视频中。实验结果表明该方法简单、有效、易实现。     

利用自然特征的增强现实注册算法

在投影重现技术的基础上提出了一种利用自然特征的注册算法.这种算法由两步组成:嵌入和重现.嵌入中指定四个点,这四点在将叠加虚拟物体的地方建立世界坐标系.在重现中,用KLT特征跟踪器来跟踪视频中相应的自然特征,用已跟踪的自然特征来估计图像序列中相应的投影矩阵,接着,用投影重现技术变换所指定的四个点,从而计算出增强矩阵.还提出一种估算投影矩阵的强有力的方法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。