电动汽车中感应电动机控制系统设计

针对电动汽车用感应电动机控制系统进行设计,采用基于前馈解耦的矢量控制方案。提出了一种基于转子磁链q轴分量校正转子磁场定向的控制策略,以提高转矩控制精度和动态响应。从硬件和软件方面分别对感应电动机转矩控制系统进行了设计。通过仿真和实验对提出的转矩控制策略进行测试和验证。     

电动汽车用永磁同步牵引电动机直接转矩控制

为提高电动汽车电传动系统性能,提出永磁同步牵引电动机直接转矩控制策略.根据电机的运行状态选择空间电压矢量获得快速动态转矩响应,同时有效降低逆变器的开关损耗.为提高系统效率,采用基于实时输入功率检测的定子磁链优化控制方法.仿真及实验结果证明了控制策略的有效性.     

异步电动机的效率优化快速响应控制研究

考虑异步电动机定转子铜损和铁损，建立了按转子磁场定向的如坐标系下异步电动机的损耗模型，通过研究不同运行条件下电动机损耗与转子磁通的关系，提出了基于损耗模型的矢量控制变频调速异步电动机的效率优化控制策略；针对电机弱磁运行情况下存在动态响应速度慢的问题，采用一种简单有效的动态电流分配方法，使动态电磁转矩快速上升，实现快速转矩响应和速度跟踪性能。以数字信号处理器TMS320LF2407为控制电路核心搭建实验系统，仿真和实验结果表明该控制策略能够使矢量控制变频驱动异步电动机运行损耗明显降低，运行稳定，并具有良好的动态响应性能。     

基于参数在线校正的电动汽车异步电机间接矢量控制

异步电机间接矢量控制在电力传动领域应用广泛。该控制方案依赖于电机的互感和转子电阻等参数。这些参数往往在运行中发生变化,从而导致驱动系统控制性能下降,在以转矩为控制目标的电动汽车驱动系统中该问题尤为突出。本文推导了间接矢量控制中电磁转矩和转子磁链与电机参数偏差之间的关系式。通过引入稳态转子磁链观测器,提出利用稳态转子磁链的幅值和位置角偏差对互感和转子时间常数等的倒数进行在线校正的新算法。该稳态转子磁链观测器以电压模型为基础,但其中的积分环节可转化为简单的代数运算,避免了纯积分数值计算所需的特殊处理。仿真和实验验证了新的校正算法在改善转矩的控制性能方面的有效性。     

电动汽车电驱动系统高速区快响应控制策略

电动汽车电驱动系统要求宽调速范围内转矩响应迅速,同时要有较高的效率.本文首先结合汽车典型循环工况,分析了电动汽车行驶过程中电动机的工作特点,给出了一种基于损耗模型的感应电机效率优化方法,并探讨了其在基频以上的最优磁通选择限制;然后在分析优化运行对感应电机动态响应速度影响的基础上,提出一种适用于基频以上的快速转矩响应控制策略,根据动态过程中电压限制的偏移调整分配电机的励磁和转矩电流给定,突破了基于稳态分析的最大转矩控制策略在分析和解决动态过程转矩输出能力问题时的局限性;并以TMS320LF2407A DSP为控制核心组建了实验系统.仿真和实验结果表明,提出的控制策略可在动态中提供较大的转矩输出,减小了采用效率优化控制对电动汽车高速运行时动态响应速度的影响.     

低转矩磁链脉动型电励磁同步电机直接转矩驱动系统的研究

电励磁同步电动机定子电感通常较小,转子阻尼绕组的存在使得电机暂态电感更小。若采用转矩及磁链滞环型直接转矩控制(基本DTC)策略电机电磁转矩及定子磁链脉动较大。针对电励磁同步电动机引入一种空间矢量调制型直接转矩控制(SVM-DTC)策略。它基于电励磁同步电动机中转矩角控制电磁转矩原理,利用空间电压矢量合成出最佳电压矢量实时补偿定子磁链矢量误差,以达到减小电动机在运行中电磁转矩及定子磁链脉动量之目的,同时又能基本维持开关频率恒定。仿真和实验结果证明,与基本DTC相比较,SVM-DTC电磁转矩和定子磁链脉动大幅度降低;电机起动电流峰值大大减小,稳态电流畸变较小;同时系统能够平稳地由恒转矩区过渡到弱磁区运行。     

基于PSCAD的双馈风力发电系统DTC策略研究

为了解决矢量控制对电机精确参数的依赖性,将直接转矩控制策略应用到双馈风力发电机系统中,根据转子磁链和电磁转矩滞环比较器的逻辑输出以及扇区编号,在预先设计的表格中得到最优开关矢量,并将该矢量作用于转子绕组,实现对电磁转矩和转子磁链幅值的快速控制.并且在电力系统仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC下搭建了基于直接转矩控制的双馈风力发电系统,实现了最大风能捕获,满足了电网的无功需求.     

基于虚拟变量的六相永磁同步电机缺任意两相容错型直接转矩控制EI北大核心CSCD

为了进一步提高六相永磁同步电机驱动系统的可靠性,该文针对偏置60°六相对称绕组永磁同步电机提出一种缺任意两相容错型直接转矩控制策略。从控制圆形磁链角度,定义虚拟磁链及虚拟电流,并基于此,推导出任意两相开路时虚拟定子磁链和电磁转矩之间的关系式。利用剩余4相逆变器输出电压矢量,同时实现电磁转矩、虚拟定子磁链和零序电流直接控制。实验结果表明,采用所提控制策略,两相开路直接转矩控制驱动系统运行平稳,转矩和转速动态响应迅速。     

基于虚拟变量的六相永磁同步电机缺任意两相容错型直接转矩控制

为了进一步提高六相永磁同步电机驱动系统的可靠性,该文针对偏置60°六相对称绕组永磁同步电机提出一种缺任意两相容错型直接转矩控制策略。从控制圆形磁链角度,定义虚拟磁链及虚拟电流,并基于此,推导出任意两相开路时虚拟定子磁链和电磁转矩之间的关系式。利用剩余4相逆变器输出电压矢量,同时实现电磁转矩、虚拟定子磁链和零序电流直接控制。实验结果表明,采用所提控制策略,两相开路直接转矩控制驱动系统运行平稳,转矩和转速动态响应迅速。     

凸极式永磁无刷直流电机直接转矩控制研究

提出并分析研究了一种凸极式永磁无刷直流电机定子磁链幅值不控型直接转矩控制策略。结合凸极式永磁无刷直流电机及其两相导通工作特点,全面建立起两相导通时电压矢量对电磁转矩控制理论。采用转矩单环控制,根据转矩滞环比较输出和定子磁链位置给出所施加的电压矢量,实现转矩的快速控制。推导出两相静止坐标系下电磁转矩计算模型,并针对实际无刷电机转子反电势既非理想梯形波,又非正弦波的情况,提出采用查表方式获得转矩观测所必需的转子反电势和转子磁链方法。实验结果表明,所提控制方案具有快速的动态响应和良好的稳态性能。     

永磁同步电动机的直接转矩控制

针对凸极转子结构的钕铁硼永磁同步电动机(PMSM)提出了直接转矩控制(DTC)方法,由于实现电机转矩和定子磁链的分别控制,并采用定子磁链滞环比较的电压矢量PWM逆变技术,提高了系统动态响应,并且算法也比较简单。     

电动汽车感应电机驱动系统矢量控制的双CPU实现

为电动汽车感应电动机驱动系统设计开发一套矢量控制系统,其硬件系统是通过双CPU-单片机80C196KC和数字信号处理器(DSP)TMS320F240来实现的.通过坐标变换得到了适用于矢量控制的同步旋转坐标系(m-t轴)下的感应电动机基本数学方程,推出了转子磁链方程和转矩方程.系统软件基于这些数学模型来实现感应电动机转子磁场定向矢量控制,并给出了软件程序流程及MATAB/SIMULAINK下的部分仿真结果和试验结果.仿真与试验结果表明,基于双CPU的感应电机矢量控制系统具有良好的动态特性,较宽的调速范围和恒转矩区域,电机及其控制系统效率高等优点,转子磁场定向矢量控制策略是可行的.     

A traction electric drive for electric cars

It is advisable to use a controlled electric drive in electric drives of electric off-road vehicles due to its significant multiplicity of the supported torque (5: 1 and higher) in a low-power mode. Such overloads can be achieved, for example, in electric drives with a field-regulated reluctance machine, not only because of the capacity of the electric machines, but also due to the choice of the drive control system. Analysis of requirements for the electric drive of an electric vehicle is performed, and the influence of the control method on the specific parameters is considered. Analysis of the number of independent control actions in synchronous reluctance electric drives is provided. The possibility of increasing the overload multiplicity of the torque by abandoning the vector control in favor of structures similar to dc drive systems is shown.     

矩阵变换器供电的异步电动机DTC-SVM控制

提出一种由矩阵变换器供电的异步电机直接转矩控制-空间矢量调制(DTC-SVM)方法.该控制系统结构简单,转矩脉动小,输入功率因数为1.通过使用矩阵变换器空间矢量调制技术及异步电机的直接转矩控制技术,两种控制技术的优点得到了综合.用MATLAB软件对该控制系统进行了仿真测试,由仿真的矩阵变换器的输入、输出波形及异步电动机的速度、转矩波形证实了控制策略是有效可行的,系统具有良好的动态性能.     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of a variable-frequency induction motor drive using various control structures and algorithms

A comparative analysis of the dynamic characteristics of field-oriented induction motor drive control systems relying on the main magnetic flux linkage vector reference, space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) of the voltage inverter output, and direct torque control (DTC) is carried out using the Matlab/Simulink program package, with the parameters of the induction motor model used being the same. A changeover from stepless vector control systems to systems using microprocessors and modern controllable frequency converters operating on the principle of relay control entails possible changes in the properties of the electric drives being controlled. In this connection, there is a need to compare the dynamic performance characteristics of an electric drive with a slave vector control system (with an idealized frequency converter), referred to as electric drive 1 (ED1), an electric drive with a DTC system (ED2), and an electric drive using direct torque control and SVPWM (ED3). Modeling has shown that the response time of the torque control loop in all the control systems considered is the same, the time delay being no more than 0.01 s. On the whole, speed control transients in all of the above systems take their course in one and the same way. The differences in flux linkage control transients between ED2 and ED3, on the one hand, and ED1, on the other hand, are due to the differences between the methods used to form the electromagnetic torque. No provision is made in the above control systems for the stabilization of the magnitude of the flux linkage vector. At low loads, the flux linkage automatically follows the load. In an ED3 with direct torque control, the calculation of the necessary instant magnitudes of the voltage vector projections and the SVPWM based formation of the voltages applied to the motor allows implementation of a fast-response control system with minimal harmonic distortions and torque pulsations. The control system coefficients are calculated beforehand. The speed controller is adjusted to the technical optimum. In the main flux linkage oriented control system, it is also desirable to use an SVPWM-based formation of the motor voltage.     

一种考虑感应电机动态效率的转矩控制策略

在许多应用感应电机的场合如电动车或电动船,要求其不但转矩响应好、还要动、稳态效率高.在分析当前稳态以及动态条件下感应电机效率优化控制策略的基础上,本文提出一种考虑感应电机动、稳态效率的转矩控制策略.该策略依据最优滑差频率的控制思想,结合转子磁链定向的矢量控制和磁链解耦控制,以实现兼顾效率的高性能转矩控制.仿真和实验结果表明该方法既能够提高电机在动、稳态运行时的效率,又能够保持较好的转矩动态性能.     

Torque Vector Control (TVC)-A Class of Fast and Robust Torque-Speed and Position Digital Controllers for Electric Drives

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the fundamentals of a new class of torque speed and position controllers for electric drives, characterized by the association of a modified sliding mode position (speed) controller and stator flux control through a unique table of optimal conduction sequence to fire directly the static power converter SCR switches. Robustness is provided by the sliding mode controller and stator (instead of rotor) flux vector estimation while control precision is secured by the torque pulsation controller. Fast response is obtained through the table of optimal conduction sequence which leads to the fastest response available through a stator flux vector (or stator accelerating field) control obtained without the transformation of coordinates or special techniques. The control computation time (costs) is drastically reduced in comparison with PWM transvector (or field accelerating) methods while the performance in terms of precision, response and robustness are better.     

电力传动系统的转矩控制规律

本文对高动态性能电力传动系统的转矩控制方式进行了详细的分析和讨论，表明了转矩与与磁通或磁链协调控制的重要性；并从概念上澄清了当前广为应用的矢量控制系统和直接转矩系统的特点与区别。     

Electric Drives (Boldea, I and Nasar, S.A.; 2006) [Book Review]

The new enlarged second edition of this excellent textbook presents the latest concepts and basic electrical drive technology including vector and direct torque control of ac motors and generators. Some of the topics covered in the book's 15 chapters include: energy conversion in electric drives; electric motors for drives; power electronic converters for drives; dc brush motor drives; controlled rectifier dc brush motor drives; synchronous motor for drives; PM and reluctance synchronous motor drives; switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives; practical issues with PWM converter motor drives, large power drives, and an entirely new chapter on control of electric generators. Each chapter is supplemented with adequate, well-selected examples, summary, problems, and selected references at the end. An important advantage is an attached CD that includes test browsing, PowerPoint slides, and Matlab-Simulink programs with eight selected dc and ac closed-loop drives. The book is recommended as a basic text to a wide audience of engineering educators, students, and engineers in industry.     

Direct torque control of brushless DC drives with reduced torque ripple

The application of direct torque control (DTC) to brushless ac drives has been investigated extensively. This paper describes its application to brushless dc drives, and highlights the essential differences in its implementation, as regards torque estimation and the representation of the inverter voltage space vectors. Simulated and experimental results are presented, and it is shown that, compared with conventional current control, DTC results in reduced torque ripple and a faster dynamic response.