对比评价实时三维超声心动图与磁共振成像检测左心室质量

目的:对比评价实时三维超声心动图与磁共振(MRI)成像在测量左心室质量中的地位.方法:选取进行心脏MRI成像检查且显示左心室射血分数＞45%的患者37例,同时进行实时三维超声心动图检查.实时三维超声心动图检查采用Philips iE-33型超声心动图仪,左心室质量的分析通过TomTec工作站用人工描记法完成,并与MRI成像所得结果相比较.结果:与MRI成像相比,实时三维超声心动图轻度高估左心室质量(r=0.868,y=0.845x 27.33,SEE=20.77 g),两者平均相差(11.98±43.00)g,但有良好的相关性.在不同观察者间及观察者自身不同时间内测量的实时三维超声心动图结果显示良好的重复性.结论:实时三维超声心动图测量左心室质量有较好的准确性和较好的重复性.     

实时三维超声心动图与磁共振对比评价左心室射血分数≥45%患者的左心室容量

目的:评价实时三维超声心动图(RT3D)测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)≥45% 成年人左心室容量的准确性和重复性.方法:选取因各种不同原因进行心脏磁共振(MRI)检查显示 LVEF ≥45%的患者37例,同时进行RT3D检查.RT3D检查采用Philips iE-33型超声心动图仪,左心室容量及左心室功能的分析通过TomTec工作站用人工描记法完成,并与MRI所得结果相比较.结果:MRI测量的左心室舒张末期容量(EDV)为:60～208.76(110.48±33.50)ml,左心室收缩末期容量(ESV)为:19～102.4(45.80±17.84 )ml,LVEF为:45.40～71.10(59.13±7.24)%.RT3D测量的EDV为:42.8～ 211.9(100.64±34.48)ml,ESV为:14.30 ～94.54(44.08 ±17.62)ml,LVEF为:35.1～73.4(56.70±7.02)%.与MRI相比,RT3D低估EDV(P＜0.01,r=0.842,y=0.867x+4.88,SEE=18.86ml),二者平均相差(-9.84±38.26) ml.RT3D同时低估ESV,二者相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05,r=0.846,y=0.835x+5.82,SEE=9.53 ml),二者平均相差(-1.71±19.68)ml.RT3D所测的LVEF稍小于MRI所测得的LVEF,二者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,r=0.616,y=0.597x+21.38,SEE=5.61%),平均相差(-2.42±12.5 )%.在不同观察者间及观察者自身不同时间内测量的RT3D,结果显示良好的重复性.结论:与MRI相比,RT3D测量成人患者的左心室容量及LVEF有较好的准确性和重复性.     

实时三维超声心动图评价高血压患者左心室心肌质量及左心房功能

目的应用实时三维超声心动图技术评价高血压患者左心室质量、左心房功能,并对左心室质量的测量与常规M型方法进行对照。方法在37名健康人、39例高血压无左心室肥厚(NLVH)患者和27例高血压伴左心室肥厚(LVH)患者中进行了超声心动图检查。应用M型超声心动图测量左心室质量(LVM)并计算左心室质量指数(LVMI),实时三维超声测量左心室质量(LVM)及LVMI,左心房舒张末容积(LAEDV)、左心房收缩末容积(LAESV),左心房射血分数(LAEF),并比较高血压组(NLVH组、LVH组)与健康对照组之间的差异。结果对照组、高血压NLVH组、LVH组3组间左心室质量指数两种检测方法差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且发现三维超声检测结果较M型测量数值低。左心房收缩功能指标各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在左心室重构、心肌质量增大的高血压患者,左心房容积增大,而收缩功能减低。结论实时三维超声技术能够定量评价高血压患者左心房功能,测量左心室质量。     

实时三维超声心动图评价心肌梗死患者左心房功能

目的应用实时三维超声心动图技术评价心肌梗死患者左心房功能改变。方法分别对37例陈旧性心肌梗死患者和50名健康人进行二维超声心动图和三维超声心动图检查。测量左心房射血分数(LAEF)、左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣E/e'。采用成组t检验比较两组指标。结果与健康组比较,心肌梗死患者左心室容积、左心房内径、二尖瓣环内径、二尖瓣E/e'和LAEF[(11.5±5.6)kdyne比(4.8±2.7)kdyne]均明显增加(均为P<0.05)。结论实时三维超声心动图技术能够用以评价左心房功能。左心室功能减低的心肌梗死患者表现为左心房收缩功能代偿增强。     

经胸超声心动图测定无冠状动脉狭窄的糖尿病患者左心室灌注量可行性的观察

目的 探讨常规经胸超声心动图(TTE)评估糖尿病患者左心室整体灌注功能的可行性及其与糖尿病病程的相关性. 方法 选取经冠状动脉造影证实无冠状动脉狭窄的T2DM患者(T2 DM组)60例和健康对照(NC)者60名.采用多普勒和三维超声心动图测量冠状窦血流和左心室质量(LVM).左心室整体灌注量由冠状窦血流量除以LVM计算所得,并分析其与糖尿病病程的相关性.结果 与NC组比较,T2DM组LVM增加[(154.35±19.44)vs(163.00±17.94)g,P＜0.05],静息时左心室灌注量减少[(6.04±4.77)vs(1.72±0.33) ml/(min·g),P＜0.01].静息时左心室整体灌注量与糖尿病病程呈负相关(r=-0.533,P=0.000). 结论 TTE可有效地检测出经冠状动脉造影证实无冠状动脉狭窄的糖尿病患者在静息时存在冠状动脉微血管功能障碍.糖尿病患者的左心室整体灌注量减少,且与其糖尿病病程呈负相关.     

造影超声心动图评估肥厚性心肌病患者左心室收缩功能

目的比较常规超声心动图、造影超声心动图及心脏磁共振成像技术对肥厚性心肌病患者左心室收缩功能的测定。方法纳入2014年9月至2016年9月在四川大学华西医院同时完成上述3种影像学检查的48例肥厚性心肌病患者,其中女性20例,男性28例,分别对左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)进行比较。结果 3种技术所测LVEDV比较,心脏磁共振成像测值大于造影超声心动图和常规超声心动图[(151.43±70.94)ml比(123.45±44.37)ml和(99.62±35.91)ml,均为P<0.05];所测LVEF比较,造影超声心动图测值大于常规超声心动图和心脏磁共振成像(74.38%±8.87%比68.97%±10.63%和64.46%±11.41%,均为P<0.05);而常规超声心动图所测左心室ESV与造影超声心动图比较差异无统计学意义[(36.21±22.32)ml比(34.13±35.54)ml,P>0.05],但均小于心脏磁共振成像测值[(59.69±70.13)ml,均为P<0.05];造影超声心动图所测左心室SV与心脏磁共振成像比较差异无统计学意义[(92.73±22.99)ml比(92.74±23.77)ml,P>0.05],但均大于常规超声心动图测值[(63.40±22.24)ml,均为P<0.05]。造影超声心动图与心脏磁共振成像在测定左心室EDV(r=0.91)、ESV(r=0.98)、SV(r=0.42)及LVEF(r=0.75)时相关(均为P<0.05);常规超声心动图与心脏磁共振成像在测定左心室EDV(r=0.83)、ESV(r=0.90)及LVEF(r=0.59)时相关(均为P<0.05),而二者在测定SV时无明显相关性(r=0.18,P>0.05)。结论相对于常规超声心动图,造影超声心动图与心脏磁共振成像技术对肥厚性心肌病患者左心室容积及收缩功能测定的相关性更好。     

二维超声、实时三维超声和磁共振测量室壁瘤患者左心室容积和功能的对比研究

目的:探讨实时三维超声(RT-3DE)测量冠心病合并左心室室壁瘤患者左心室容积和功能的价值.方法:应用二维超声(2DE)、实时三维超声及磁共振成像(MRI)测量左心室室壁瘤患者手术前后左心室舒张末容积、左心室收缩末容积、左心室射血分数,进行容量测定及功能评价的对比研究.结果:术前二维超声及实时三维超声测得的左心室舒张末容积、左心室收缩末容积均较MRI偏低,左心室射血分数较MRI偏高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后二维超声测得的左心室舒张末容积、左心室收缩末容积较MRI偏低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),实时三维超声测得的左心室舒张末容积、左心室收缩末容积与MRI所测值之间差异无统计学意义.术后二维超声及实时三维超声测得的左心室射血分数差异无统计学意义.结论:实时三维超声测定左心室容量与功能准确可靠,较目前临床普遍采用的二维超声(Simpson's双平面法)测量左心室容积更接近MRI测量值,但在术前室壁瘤患者,所测左心室容积与磁共振相比仍有明显低估.     

实时三维超声心动图与磁共振成像对比评价室壁瘤患者左心室容积和功能的可行性和准确性

目的:评价实时三维超声心动图(实时三维超声,RT-3DE)测量冠心病合并左心室室壁瘤患者左心室容积和功能的可行性和准确性.方法:根据室壁瘤大小分组,分别应用二维超声心动图(二维超声,2DE)、实时三维超声及磁共振成像(MRI)测量左心室室壁瘤患者手术前、后左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),以MRI结果为标准,进行对比研究.结果:①术前、术后二维超声和实时三维超声所测各值与MRI所测各值之间小室壁瘤组、中室壁瘤组差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).②大室壁瘤组术前二维超声所测LVEDV、LVESV与MRI所测值之间差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),术前二维超声所测LVEF值与术后各值与MRI所测各值差异无统计学意义,术前、术后三维超声各值与MRI所测各值差异亦无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).③巨大室壁瘤组术前二维及三维超声所测LVEDV、LVESV较MRI所测值低,而LVEF较MRI所测值高,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).术后二维超声所测LVEDV、LVESV仍较MRI低,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).术后实时三维超声所测各值与MRI所测各值之间差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论:与二维超声相比,实时三维超声测定大室壁瘤及巨大室壁瘤患者左心室容积与功能更接近MRI测量值,更准确可靠,但对于巨大室壁瘤患者所测术前左心室容积与MRI相比仍有低估.     

醛固酮合成酶基因多态性与老年原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的相关性研究

目的研究醛固酮合成酶(CYP11B2)基因多态性与老年原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的相关性。方法选取在首都医科大学宣武医院心内科门诊确诊的老年原发性高血压患者434例,所有入选患者详细询问病史、体检并完成各项相关检查:血压、身高和体质量检测,计算体质量指数(BMI)、心电图检查、超声心动图检查、血常规、尿常规及生化检查、CYP11B2基因多态性检测,采用多元逐步回归分析基因与左心室肥厚的相关性。结果 C-344T位点CC基因型患者的左心室后壁厚度、左心室质量指数(LVMI)及左心室质量显著高于CT和TT基因型患者[(11.46±0.97)mmvs (10.01±0.95)mm、(10.18±0.89)mm,P=0.000,(95.39±20.76)g/m2 vs (84.73±12.68)g/m2、(79.81±14.53)g/m2,P=0.000,(174.69±31.27)g vs (151.85±16.24)g、(146.08±19.08)g,P=0.007]。多元逐步回归分析显示,校正年龄、性别、服用降压药物种类、BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、心率、血压及空腹血糖后,C-344T基因型与LVMI密切相关(P0.001)。结论 CYP11B2(C-344T)存在基因多态性,C等位基因可能是高血压患者左心室肥厚发生的独立危险因素。     

三维超声心动图对老年持续性心房颤动患者心脏结构和心室功能的评估价值

目的探讨三维超声心动图对老年持续性心房颤动患者心脏结构和心室功能的评估价值。方法选取2015年7月至2017年12月于安阳市第三人民医院超声科进行检查的61例老年持续性心房颤动患者为研究对象,另选同期我院健康体检中心的60名健康志愿者为对照组。对两组受试者分别进行常规超声和三维超声心动图检查,测量两组受试者的左、右心房,左、右心室的超声指标,并进行组间比较。结果常规超声检查显示,两组患者的心房和心室结构功能指标[左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、室间隔厚度(IVSTd)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左心房舒张末期面积(LAA)、右心房舒张末期面积(RAA)、二尖瓣反流(MR)、三尖瓣反流(TR)]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。三维超声心动图检查显示,观察组患者的右心室舒张末期最大容积(RVEDV)、右心室收缩末期最小容积(RVESV)、左心室舒张末期最大容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期最小容积(LVESV)均大于对照组,右心室射血分数(RVEF)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)均低于对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论三维超声心动图能够准确的测量和评估老年持续性心房颤动患者的心脏结构和心室功能,对此类患者的临床诊断有重要的应用价值。     

Comparison of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of left ventricular mass

This is the first study to assess the feasibility and accuracy of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) for the measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty patients (60% men) with CHD were evaluated by MRI and RT-3DE on the same day. Their mean age was 29 +/- 8 years (range 19 to 49). RT-3DE was performed with a Philips Sonos 7500 echocardiographic system and LV mass analyses with the assistance of TomTec software. The results for LV mass obtained by manual tracing were compared with Signa 1.5-T MRI data. The acquisition of RT-3DE data sets was feasible in all 20 patients. Nine patients (45%) had good, 5 patients (25%) moderate, and 6 patients (30%) poor image quality of the 3-dimensional data set. The time of 3-dimensional data acquisition was 4 +/- 2 minutes. Off-line image processing and tracing required approximately 11 +/- 3 minutes. A very good correlation was observed between RT-3DE data with sufficient image quality and MRI (r = 0.98, y = 0.96x + 4.1, SEE 9.8 g), with a mean difference of 2.0 +/- 20 g. Interobserver agreement was excellent (r = 0.99, y = 0.97x + 3.81), with a mean difference of -1 +/- 11 g. In conclusion, the assessment of LV mass from RT-3DE data is feasible in patients with CHD. The mass of an abnormally shaped left ventricle can be determined with high accuracy and low interobserver variability in patients with good or moderate echocardiographic image quality.     

Reproducibility and accuracy of echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular parameters using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether assessment of left ventricular (LV) function with real-time (RT) three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) could reduce the variation of sequential LV measurements and provide greater accuracy than two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). BACKGROUND: Real-time 3DE has become feasible as a standard clinical tool, but its accuracy for LV assessment has not been validated. METHODS: Unselected patients (n = 50; 41 men; age, 64 +/- 8 years) presenting for evaluation of LV function were studied with 2DE and RT-3DE. Test-retest variation was performed by a complete restudy by a separate sonographer within 1 h without alteration of hemodynamics or therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained during a breath-hold, and measurements were made off-line. RESULTS: The test-retest variation showed similar measurements for volumes but wider scatter of LV mass measurements with M-mode and 2DE than 3DE. The average MRI end-diastolic volume was 172 +/- 53 ml; LV volumes were underestimated by 2DE (mean difference, -54 +/- 33; p < 0.01) but only slightly by RT-3DE (-4 +/- 29; p = 0.31). Similarly, end-systolic volume by MRI (91 +/- 53 ml) was underestimated by 2DE (mean difference, -28 +/- 28; p < 0.01) and by RT-3DE (mean difference, -3 +/- 18; p = 0.23). Ejection fraction by MRI was similar by 2DE (p = 0.76) and RT-3DE (p = 0.74). Left ventricular mass (183 +/- 50 g) was overestimated by M-mode (mean difference, 68 +/- 86 g; p < 0.01) and 2DE (16 +/- 57; p = 0.04) but not RT-3DE (0 +/- 38 g; p = 0.94). There was good inter- and intra-observer correlation between RT-3DE by two sonographers for volumes, ejection fraction, and mass. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time 3DE is a feasible approach to reduce test-retest variation of LV volume, ejection fraction, and mass measurements in follow-up LV assessment in daily practice.     

Comparison of accurate measurement of left ventricular mass in patients with hypertrophied hearts by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography versus magnetic resonance imaging

To evaluate whether left ventricular (LV) mass assessed by a new real-time, 3-dimensional echocardiographic (RT-3DE) system corresponds to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with LV hypertrophy, RT-3DE and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) were performed to calculate LV mass in 21 patients (mean age 54 +/- 15 years) who underwent MRI for the evaluation of LV hypertrophy. In 20 of 21 patients, adequate 3-dimensional data for LV mass analysis were obtained, and regression analysis showed that LV mass by RT-3DE correlated with that determined by MRI (r = 0.95, y = 28.9 + 0.85x) better than with that determined by 2DE (r = 0.70, y = 43.6 + 0.81x). RT-3DE allows the accurate measurement of LV mass in patients with hypertrophied hearts.     

High-resolution transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: quantitation of cardiac volumes and function using semi-automatic border detection and comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVES: We sought to validate high-resolution transthoracic real-time (RT) three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE), in combination with a novel semi-automatic contour detection algorithm, for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes and function in patients. BACKGROUND: Quantitative RT-3DE has been limited by impaired image quality and time-consuming manual data analysis. METHODS: Twenty-four subjects with abnormal (n = 14) or normal (n = 10) LVs were investigated. The results for end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) obtained by manual tracing were compared with the results determined by the semi-automatic border detection algorithm. Moreover, the results of the semi-automatic method were compared with volumes and EF obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). RESULTS: Excellent correlation coefficients (r = 0.98 to 0.99) and low variability (EDV -1.3 +/- 8.6 ml; ESV -0.2 +/- 5.4 ml; EF -0.1 +/- 2.7%; p = NS) were observed between the semi-automatically and manually assessed data. The RT-3DE data correlated highly with CMRI (r = 0.98). However, LV volumes were underestimated by RT-3DE compared with CMRI (EDV -13.6 +/- 18.9 ml, p = 0.002; ESV -12.8 +/- 20.5 ml, p = 0.005). The difference for EF was not significant between the two methods (EF 0.9 +/- 4.4%, p = NS). Observer variability was acceptable, and repeatability of the method was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The RT-3DE, in combination with a semi-automatic contour tracing algorithm, allows accurate determination of cardiac volumes and function compared with both manual tracing and CMRI. High repeatability suggests applicability of the method for the serial follow-up of patients with cardiac disease.     

Value of real time three-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging

Real time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) has been demonstrated to be an accurate technique to quantify left ventricular (LV) volumes and function in different patient populations. We sought to determine the value of RT3DE for evaluating patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), in comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We studied 20 consecutive patients with HCM who underwent two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), RT3DE, and MRI. Parameters analyzed by echocardiography and MRI included: wall thickness, LV volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF), mass, geometric index, and dyssynchrony index. Statistical analysis was performed by Lin agreement coefficient, Pearson linear correlation and Bland-Altman model. Results: There was excellent agreement between 2DE and RT3DE (Rc = 0.92), 2DE and MRI (Rc = 0.85), and RT3DE and MRI (Rc = 0.90) for linear measurements. Agreement indexes for LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were Rc = 0.91 and Rc = 0.91 between 2DE and RT3DE, Rc = 0.94 and Rc = 0.95 between RT3DE and MRI, and Rc = 0.89 and Rc = 0.88 between 2DE and MRI, respectively. Satisfactory agreement was observed between 2DE and RT3DE (Rc = 0.75), RT3DE and MRI (Rc = 0.83), and 2DE and MRI (Rc = 0.73) for determining LVEF, with a mild underestimation of LVEF by 2DE, and smaller variability between RT3DE and MRI. Regarding LV mass, excellent agreement was observed between RT3DE and MRI (Rc = 0.96), with bias of − 6.3 g (limits of concordance = 42.22 to − 54.73 g) . Conclusion: In patients with HCM, RT3DE demonstrated superior performance than 2DE for the evaluation of myocardial hypertrophy, LV volumes, LVEF, and LV mass.     

Comparison of two- and three-dimensional echocardiography with sequential magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating left ventricular volume and ejection fraction over time in patients with healed myocardial infarction

Echocardiographic follow-up of left ventricular (LV) volumes is difficult because of the test-retest variation of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). We investigated whether the accuracy and reproducibility of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) would make this modality more feasible for serial follow-up of LV measurements. We performed 2DE and RT3DE and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 50 patients with previous infarction and varying degrees of LV function (44 men; 61 +/- 11 years of age) at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Images were obtained during breath-hold and measurements of LV volumes and ejection fraction were made offline. Over follow-up, end-diastolic volume decreased from 192 +/- 53 to 187 +/- 60 ml (p <0.01), end-systolic volume decreased from 104 +/- 51 to 95 +/- 53 ml (p <0.01), and ejection fraction increased from 48 +/- 12% to 51 +/- 12% (p <0.01). MRI showed that LV mass shrank from 183 +/- 39 to 182 +/- 37 g (p <0.01). The correlation between change in RT3DE and change in MRI was greater than the correlations of 2DE with MRI for measurement of end-diastolic volume (r = 0.47 vs 0.02, p <0.01), end-systolic volume (r = 0.44 vs 0.17, p <0.01), and ejection fraction (r = 0.58 vs -0.03, p <0.01). The change in end-diastolic volume between baseline and follow-up with RT3DE (-4 +/- 20, p <0.01) was similar to that with MRI but was unrecognized by 2DE (4 +/- 19, p = 0.09). There was good test-retest and inter- and intraobserver correlation within RT3DE for volumes, ejection fraction, and mass. In conclusion, if sequential measurement of LV volumes is used to guide management decisions, 3DE appears preferable to 2DE.     

Real time three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in heart failure patients: underestimation of left ventricular volume increases with the degree of dilatation

Background: Accurate quantification of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) is of critical importance. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered as the reference and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is an accurate method, but only few data are available in heart failure patients. We therefore sought to compare the accuracy of real time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for quantification of LV volumes and EF, relative to CMR imaging in an unselected population of heart failure patients. Methods and Results: We studied 24 patients (17 men, age 58 ± 15 years) with history of heart failure who underwent echocardiographic assessment of LV function (2DE, RT3DE) and CMR within a period of 24 hours. Mean LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was 208 ± 109 mL (121 ± 64 mL/m(2) ) and mean LVEF was 31 ± 12.8%. 3DE data sets correlate well with CMR, particularly with respect to the EF (r: 0.8, 0.86, and 0.95; P < 0.0001 for LVEDV, LVESV, and EF, respectively) with small biases (-55 mL, -44 mL, 1.1%) and acceptable limits of agreement. RT3DE provides more accurate measurements of LVEF than 2DE (z= 2.1, P = 0.037) and lower variability. However, 3DE-derived LV volumes are significantly underestimated in patients with severe LV dilatation. In patients with LVEDV below 120 mL/m(2) , RT3DE is more accurate for volumes and EF evaluation. Conclusion: Compared with CMR, RT3DE is accurate for evaluation of EF and feasible in all our heart failure patients, at the expense of a significant underestimation of LV volumes, particularly when LVEDV is above 120 mL/m(2) .     

实时三维超声评估肥厚型心肌病左室收缩与舒张失同步性的关系

目的:运用单心动周期实时三维超声探讨肥厚型心肌病左室舒张失同步性与收缩失同步性的关系。方法:收集76例窦性心律且左室射血分数≥45%的肥厚型心肌病患者及50例正常对照人群,应用二维及三维超声评估收缩功能与舒张功能。三维超声主要评估参数包括:舒张末球形指数(EDSI),舒张失同步指数(DDI),舒张离散差(DISPED),平均舒张末时间(MED),收缩末球形指数(ESSI),收缩失同步指数(SDI),收缩离散差(DISPES),平均收缩末时间(MES)。将患者按传统二维超声舒张功能的分级标准分为3组:舒张功能轻度受损(22例)、舒张功能假性正常(36例)和舒张功能限制性充盈(18例)。结果:在舒张期,较正常对照组,DDI、DISPED及MED均在舒张功能严重不全(限制性充盈)组中表现出明显升高(9.95±3.75,41.76±17.19,57.82±17.07,P<0.01),并且与轻度(轻度受损)组及中度(假性正常)组相比,有逐渐升高的趋势。在收缩期,SDI和DISPES也在舒张功能严重不全(限制性充盈)组中表现出明显升高(8.61±2.32,37.29±9.67,P<0.01),而在轻度(轻度受损)组及中度(假性正常)组中均无显著差异。SDI与DDI存在线性相关(R2=0.653,P<0.01)。结论:肥厚型心肌病舒张失同步性与收缩失同步性密切相关,严重左室舒张功能不全可能影响左室收缩的失同步性。