共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
《食品与发酵工业》2014,(3):30-35
草酸脱羧酶(Oxdc)可用于预防、治疗草酸钙结石症,为了改善其使用性能,该文采用单甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)对Oxdc进行修饰,并对修饰反应条件进行了初步优化,在mPEG-醛/Oxdc摩尔比50∶1,pH 5.0,37℃反应12h条件下,Oxdc修饰率为50.69%,酶活保持率67.52%。经SDS-PAGE和红外光谱(IR)分析,证明mPEG共价结合于酶蛋白分子上。酶学特性分析发现,热处理后修饰草酸脱羧酶(mPEG-Oxdc)的酶活保持21.6%,而野生草酸脱羧酶(Oxdc)酶活完全丧失;在pH 2.0pH 6.0酸性环境下mPEG-Oxdc的酶活相对高于Oxdc;经胰蛋白酶处理,Oxdc相对酶活仅为20.6%,而mPEG-Oxdc保持47.1%。结果表明:mPEG-Oxdc相对于Oxdc,其热稳定性、pH适应性及对胰蛋白酶的耐受性都有所增强。 相似文献
2.
草酸脱羧酶(Oxalate decarboxylase,OXDC)是一种包含Mn2+的多聚酶,属于cupin超家族,能够在没有辅因子的条件下催化草酸分解为甲酸和CO2。该酶已在农业、工业和医学诊断中得到广泛的应用。本文综述近几年来OXDC在结构、功能和实际应用方面的研究,重点讨论了其在油菜抗菌核病方面的作用和优势,为油菜抗菌核病的研究提供参考。 相似文献
3.
为了获得缓解泌尿系统草酸盐结石病症的酶制剂,用无载体固定化方法——交联酶聚集体(CLEAs)制备交联草酸脱羧酶聚集体。使用基因工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET32a/YvrK诱导表达制备草酸脱羧酶粗酶液,用30%的乙醇进行沉淀分离提纯,纯化倍数为2.7倍,酶活回收率91.2%;在戊二醛添加量为0.06%、pH5、牛血清白蛋白添加量0.5g/L、4℃的条件下处理该酶2h,得到交联草酸脱羧酶聚集体(oxdc-CLEAs),酶活回收率达95.4%;酶学性质研究表明,相对游离草酸脱羧酶,交联草酸脱羧酶聚集体的耐酸性、耐热性、耐胰蛋白酶降解能力均有提高。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
草酸处理对冷藏雷竹笋保鲜效果的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探索草酸处理对雷竹笋保鲜的效果,采用5mmol/L草酸对雷竹笋进行浸泡处理10min。以浸水为对照,风干后在4℃条件下贮藏。结果表明,与对照相比,草酸处理能够抑制雷竹笋呼吸速率,降低苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低过氧化氢(H2O2)含量,同时显著降低鲜笋贮藏期间的硬度,木质素和丙二醛(MDA)的增加速率。采用一定浓度的草酸处理能显著控制雷竹笋褐变,延缓木质化进程,具有较好的保鲜效果。 相似文献
7.
为了更好的了解人们日常生活中进食烹调过后的高草酸食物而吃入体内的草酸(可溶性草酸、难溶性草酸和总草酸)含量,本文研究了炒制对菠菜中草酸影响情况,以期了解炒制对草酸的作用。 相似文献
8.
目的:以鹅源草酸青霉果胶酶为研究对象,优化鹅源草酸青霉制备的果胶酶提高苹果出汁率工艺。方法:以烟台红富士苹果为材料,以酶解温度(X1)、酶解时间(X2)、酶添加量(X3)和初始pH值(X4)为自变量(Y),出汁率为响应值,进行Box-Behnken设计,利用Design Expert软件进行响应面分析,建立回归模型。结果:结果表明,①利用响应面法筛选的鹅源草酸青霉果胶酶酶解苹果浆最佳条件为:温度32.91℃、酶解时间90.02min、酶添加量0.197mL/kg、pH3.96工艺条件下,苹果出汁率达到91.34%;②自变量与响应值关系的回归模型为:Y=91.72-0.4X1+0.58X2+0.60X3-0.32X4+0.42X2X3+0.50X2X4-1.75X12-0.85X22-1.17X32-1.50X42。结论:鹅源草酸青霉果胶酶能显著提高苹果出汁率;采用自变量与响应值建立的回归模型具有良好的拟合度,可以作为调控生产工艺的依据。 相似文献
9.
草酸与柠檬酸抑制鲜切香蕉酶褐变的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对草酸和柠檬酸抑制鲜切香蕉片酶褐变的效果进行了研究。鲜切香蕉片分别用0、5、10、20、40、60、80、100mmol/L的草酸和柠檬酸溶液浸泡5min,然后置于白纸上常温存放8h,每2h抽样测定香蕉片的L*值;鲜切香蕉片分别用60mmol/L草酸、60mmol/L柠檬酸、60mmol/L草酸+0.5%异抗坏血酸钠和60mmol/L柠檬酸+0.5%异抗坏血酸钠溶液浸泡5min,然后装在塑料托盘里,用PE保鲜膜包扎,在10℃下贮藏5d,每天抽样测定香蕉片的L*值。结果表明,无论常温还是低温下,草酸和柠檬酸均可有效抑制鲜切香蕉褐变,而且草酸抑制鲜切香蕉褐变的效果均好于柠檬酸。 相似文献
10.
在水稻谷糠中检测到草酸氧化酶(OxO, EC1.2.3.4)的活性,其主要存在于细胞壁中,最适pH 值为2.5,Km值为0.63mmol/L,当底物草酸的浓度大于2.0mmol/L 时会出现底物抑制;此外,该酶热稳定性很高,而且对胃蛋白酶、SDS 和高浓度的NaCl 不敏感;1mmol/L 的EDTA、NH4+、 Cl -、Mn2+、CO32 -、Na+、K+、H2PO4 -、SO42 -、 Fe2+ 和PO43 -对其活性没有影响,但1mmol/L 的NO3 -、 Co2+、 Zn2+、Cu2+、 Mg2+、 Ca2+ 和 Al3+ 会抑制它的活性。因此,谷糠中的OxO 可能被广泛用于测定草酸含量。 相似文献
11.
12.
In the urinary system, urolithiasis is the third prevalent disorder which causes severe pain in individuals. Urinary stones are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate in approximately 80% of patients. Although various drugs and surgery operations are used to treat the disease, side effects of drugs and the high recurrence after therapy in patients cannot be ignored. Flavonoids are a large group of plant polyphenols with presumed beneficial effects on several common diseases. Whereas, a very few have reached clinical use. The results of recent studies have shown that the plant flavonoids could effectively inhibit the formation of CaOx stones in vitro and in vivo, correlating with their diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties and other protective effects. Thus, the flavonoids or flavonoid-rich plant extracts endowed with anti-urolithiasis activities and probable mechanisms of actions were reviewed. In addition, we also put forward some issues needed to be concerned in future investigations as well as offered prospects and challenges for developing the plant flavonoids into drugs for stone prevention. 相似文献
13.
Phytate and mineral cations are both considered as important dietary factors for inhibiting the crystallisation of calcium oxalate kidney stones in susceptible individuals. In this paper, the phytate and mineral composition of whole bran cereals (wheat, barley and oat) and legumes were determined together with their soluble and insoluble oxalate concentrations in order to investigate the effects on oxalate solubility. The oat bran sample had the highest soluble oxalate concentration at 79 ± 1.3 mg/100 g, while total and soluble oxalate concentrations in the food samples studied range from 33 to 199 mg/100 g and 14 to 79 mg/100 g, respectively. The phytate concentration was in the range from 227 to 4393 mg/100 g and the concentrations of cations were in the range 54–70 mg/100 g for calcium, 75–398 mg/100 g for magnesium, 244–1529 mg/100 g for potassium and 4–11 mg/100 g for iron. Soluble oxalate concentration did not increase in proportion to total oxalate, and the phytate concentration in all foods was sufficient to contribute to an increase in soluble oxalate concentration by binding calcium. 相似文献
14.
乳酸菌降解草酸盐活性及机制研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高草酸尿症是人体尿液中含有高浓度草酸盐的慢性疾病,肾脏积聚过量草酸盐会导致形成肾结石,而这与 肠道菌群密切相关。乳酸菌因其具有降解草酸盐活性,可以改善机体尿草酸水平,抑制肾结石的形成,从而备受关 注。具有降解草酸盐活性的乳酸菌主要集中在乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和肠球菌属,其对草酸盐的降解机制可能是通 过透性酶将草酸盐从胞外转运到胞内,再通过甲酰辅酶A转移酶将草酸盐转化为草酰辅酶A,然后草酰辅酶A脱羧 酶将草酰辅酶A脱羧形成甲酸盐和CO2,进而完成对草酸盐的降解作用。本文综述了乳酸菌的草酸盐降解活性及其 作用机制,旨在为乳酸菌产品的开发提供参考。 相似文献
15.
两种干鲍样品复水涨发过程中质构及流变学特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以冷风干鲍为实验对象对其复水涨发工艺进行优化,得出最佳复水涨发条件。研究不同干鲍样品复水涨发过程中营养成分、感官特性、组织结构和流变学特性参数的变化。结果表明:在复水涨发过程中,冷风干鲍和自然晾干干鲍各基本成分含量与鲜活鲍鱼相比均呈显著降低趋势,但冷风干鲍各基本成分含量均高于自然晾干干鲍。与自然晾干干鲍相比,冷风干鲍肌纤维粗细均匀,纤维间空隙较小,结构更加致密。此外,冷风干鲍各项流变学特性参数值硬度、弹性、凝聚性、咀嚼性均优于自然晾干样品。说明冷风干鲍复水涨发后其营养性及质构更佳。 相似文献
16.
Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar Beenish Israr Nighat Bhatty 《International Journal of Food Properties》2013,16(1):241-249
The present study evaluated the effects of cooking on the total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents in six different types of locally consumed vegetables and beans (spinach, carrots, beet root, white bean, red bean and soybean). The foods were cooked in water until they reached the soft consistency (12–15 min for vegetable and 2 h for beans). The raw and cooked samples were analyzed for their soluble and insoluble oxalate contents using the HPLC techniques. The total oxalate content of raw spinach, carrot, beet root, white bean, red bean and soybean, were found to be 978 ± 5, 49 ± 7, 67 ± 12, 158 ± 16, 113 ± 15, and 497 ± 22 mg/100 g of fresh weight respectively. The total oxalate contents of these foods after boiling were 477 ± 8, 16 ± 9, 52 ± 14, 47 ± 17, 72 ± 17, and 224 ± 25 mg/100 g of fresh weight respectively. The results showed that boiling significantly (P < 0.05) reduced both soluble and insoluble oxalate contents. More losses were observed in the soluble than the insoluble oxalates. The reduction in soluble oxalate in different vegetables ranged from 16 to 66% whereas in beans ranged from 40 to 77%. The data suggests that the use of boiled vegetables can be an effective strategy for reducing the dietary intake of oxalates in individuals predisposed to the development of kidney stones. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
20.
牛乳蛋白分为酪蛋白和乳清蛋白,其中乳铁蛋白是乳清蛋白中的一种,具有多种生物学功能,被广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品工业等领域。在牛乳中,乳铁蛋白带正电荷,会与一些带负电荷的蛋白质,如酪蛋白、骨桥蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、血清白蛋白、免疫球蛋白等发生相互作用。这种相互作用影响着这些蛋白的生物化学功能或者分离制备特性,尤其是后者更是工业化生产中需要关注的问题。本文阐述了乳铁蛋白与牛乳中其他蛋白质之间的相互作用机制及其应用现状,对于开发乳铁蛋白的工业化制备方法、以及系统理解牛乳中各种活性蛋白间的协同生物作用等方面都具有重要意义,为乳铁蛋白生物学特性的深入研究和工业化生产技术开发提供一定依据。 相似文献