bExperimental and discrete element numerical analysis of side slope instability induced by fissure water underlying impervious bed

When the sliding mass contains impervious bed, rainfall can infiltrate into mountain via crevices and form higher artesian aquifer at impervious bed inferior. This will decrease slip resistance and increase sliding forces of the sliding mass, thus lowering the safety factor, and inducing landslide disasters. In this paper, a landslide experimental apparatus is designed for experimental studies on the mechanism of this type of landslides. Meanwhile, the non-dimensional parameters in the model experiment are taken into account using dimensional analysis. The experimental results show that (1) the ratio of the cleft water pressure to the overlying pressure is a crucial parameter affecting the stability of the slope; (2) when the shut-in pressure reaches 80% of the normal component of the pressure on the slip surface made up of rock and soil, landslide will occur: (3) the whole slope will start to slide when the shut-in pressure is equal to the normal component of the pressure formed by the overlying rock and soil on the upper 30% area. In this article, a discrete element method simulation is used to investigate the influence of cleft water pressure and shearing strength on the landslide stability. It can be concluded that the critical value of C_cr, ρ_cr, which determines the slide mass stability, increases with the increase of the water pressure; if the water pressure reaches a high level, the stability of the slide mass depends mainly on C, while the influence of ? becomes smaller than C.     

岩质边坡滑坡机理与稳定性研究

所研究的边坡为露天岩质边坡,已出现多次滑坡,根据对边坡岩体的物理力学性质测试,现场工程地质调查,现场动力学测试及滑体位移观测,提出了确定边坡潜在滑动面的计算模型,确定出了优势滑动面及破坏模式.通过极限平衡及有限元分析计算,给出了合理边坡角.针对现在的滑体和将来的潜在滑体,提出了相应的处理方案和预防措施.     

库水复活型滑坡牵引滑动机理模型试验研究

为深入探索库水复活型滑坡的破坏模式和力学机制,设计研发新型试验装置,装置主体是由若干渗透盒构成的分段式滑面,能够模拟各种几何形态的滑动面。通过向不同区段的渗透盒注水,可模拟滑带土分阶段饱水软化,实现库水位上升条件下相邻滑块间的牵引滑动过程。采用传感元件、数码摄像以及数字图像处理等测试手段,获取滑带土体积含水率、孔隙水压力、坡面水平位移的变化规律以及后缘面演化特征,并探讨滑坡体失稳破坏模式。结果表明:滑带土饱水后抗剪强度大幅度下降是滑坡发生的重要条件,滑动面处的孔压变动是激发老滑坡复活的重要诱因;滑带处孔隙水压力的增大与滑坡位移的增大是同时发生的,滑带土强度衰减与滑体变形具有良好的相关关系;坡面变形区域分为强、弱变形区和牵引区3部分,坡面变形为1～1.5倍的失稳滑带长度;随着失稳滑带长度增加,坡面变形区域变大,对后侧稳定坡体的牵引变形影响变小;后缘破裂面多呈折线型滑面形态,后缘破裂面倾角试验值受失稳滑段位置和滑体厚度影响显著。研究结果为库区滑坡灾变机制的认识和治理提供重要依据。     

Mechanism analysis of landslide of a layered slope induced by drawdown of water level

1 Introduction The instability of slopes on the river banks and the reactivation of ancient slopes, in- duced by drawdown of water level, are great danger for the local residents and for thehydroelectric engineering. A lot of accidents or disasters relating to the drawdown of water level can be found in literatures. In October 1963, the landslide, near the recently constructed Vajont Reservoir dam at that time, caused the failure of the toppest hyper- bolic arching dam in the world, ruined on…     

Q mechanism analysis of landslide of a layered slope induced by drawdown of water level

The frequent drawdown of water level YanYangtze River will greatly influence the stability of the widely existing slopes in the Three Gorges reservoir zone, especially those layered ones. Apart from the fluctuating speed of water level, the different geological materials will also play important roles in the failure of slopes. Thus, it must be first to study the mechanism of such a landsllide caused by drawdown of water level.A new experimental setup is designed to study the performance of a layered slope under the drawdown of water level. The pattern of landslide of a layered slope induced by drawdown of water level has been explored by means of simulating experiments. The influence of fluctuating speed of water level on the stability of the layered slope is probed, especially the whole process of deformation and development of landslide of the slope versus time. The experimental results show that the slope is stable during the water level rising, and the sliding body occurs in the upper layer of the slope under a certain drawdown speed of water level. In the process of slope failure, some new small sliding body will develop on the main sliding body, and the result is that they speed up the disassembly of the whole slope.Based on the simulating experiment on landslide of a layered slope induced by drawdown of water level, the stress and displacement field of the slope are calculated. The seepage velocity, the pore water pressure, and the gradient of pore water head are also calculated for the whole process of drawdown of water level. The computing results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Accordingly, the mechanism of deformation and landslide of the layered slope induced by drawdown of water level is analyzed. It may provide basis for treating this kind of layered slopes in practical engineering.     

Mechanism of action of cracks water on rock landslide in rainfall

In worldwide, the most common triggering factor of rock landslides is extended and intense rainfall. However, different from the soil slope failure caused by softening action of infiltration rainwater, the mechanism of rock landslide in rainfall is not clear. From the view of fracture mechanics, the propagation of cracks on rock slope and the development of sliding surface were researched. Then based on hydraulics formulas and using Sweden arc method, the influence of crack water on stability of rock slope was quantitatively studied. Finally, an example was given to check the theoretical approach. The result shows that the development of sliding surface of rock slope is mainly caused by crack propagation under hydrostatic pressure when the stress intensity factor K _I at crack tip is bigger than the toughness index of rock fractures K _IC, and the failure of slope is the result of hydraulic action of crack water and the softening of materials on sliding surface when the depth of crack water is bigger than a minimum value h _min.     

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation on the effect of fissure water pressure in vertical sliding surface

1 Introduction Rock slopes usually contain many structural surfaces in geological engineering. However, the mechanism of rock slope failure has not been profoundly understood. Therefore, it is important to deeply analyze the failure mechanism and stability of such rock slopes through experimental investigation and numerical simulation. Previous site investigations show that water is one of the key factors to induce landslide[1―5]. “No landslide without water” vividly points out the importa…     

Stability analysis of the sliding process of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine

To study the stability of the west slope in Buzhaoba Open-Pit Mine and determine the aging stability coefficient during slide mass development, the deformation band of the west slope and the slide mass structure of the 34,600 profile are obtained on the basis of hydrology, geology, and monitoring data.The residual thrust method is utilized to calculate the stability coefficients, which are 1.225 and 1.00 under sound and transfixion conditions, respectively. According to the rock damage and fragmentation and the principle of mechanical parameter degradation, the mechanical models of the slide mass development of the hard and soft rock slopes are established. An integrated model for calculating the slope stability coefficient is built considering water, vibration, and other external factors that pertain to the structural plane damage mechanism and the generating mechanism of the sliding mass. The change curve of the stability coefficient in the slide mass development is obtained from the relevant analyses,and afterwards, the stability control measures are proposed. The analysis results indicate that in the cracking stage of the hard rock, the slope stability coefficient decreases linearly with the increase in the length Lbof the hard rock crack zone. The linear slope is positively correlated to rock cohesion c. In the transfixion stage of the soft rock, the decrease speed of the stability coefficient is positively correlated to the residual strength of the soft rock. When the slope is stable, the stability coefficient is in a quadratic-linear relationship with the decreased height Dh of the side slope and in a linear relationship with anchoring force P.     

强降雨作用下昔格达边坡渗流特性及稳定性分析

昔格达地层分布于中国西南,其工程性质极差。为分析上覆第四纪残坡积物的昔格达组粉砂土边坡在强降雨作用下的渗流特性及稳定性,结合石棉县莫家岗滑坡,用数值模拟方法研究坡体渗流规律;用Morgenstern-Price方法计算各时刻坡体稳定性系数,并分析其变化规律。结果表明：雨水在坡体中逐层入渗,雨停后渗流过程将继续发展,由于存在土层分界面,坡体渗流特性不同于均质坡体;降雨过程中,孔隙水压力发生增长的范围在界面附近加速拓展,雨停后,土层分界面附近第四纪残坡积物仍处于近饱和状态;降雨入渗导致坡体边坡稳定性系数下降,且稳定性系数变化对降雨的响应存在滞后性。     

碎裂岩体滑坡运动特征及近场涌浪变化规律

收集三峡库区48组典型岩体滑坡参数及裂隙发育情况,在遵循相似准则的基础上,结合万州河段地形资料建立浅水区碎裂岩体滑坡涌浪三维物理模型. 通过多组模型试验,测定不同形状及方量的岩体滑坡水上运动特征以及滑坡淹没率对近场涌浪最大波幅的影响. 结果表明：破碎后的岩体滑坡沿厚度方向产生速度梯度,使得滑坡体分层滑向水面,且滑坡最大厚度随着滑动距离的增加呈指数衰减;当滑坡淹没率小于极限淹没率时,近场涌浪最大波幅随着水深的减小而急剧降低. 通过对无量纲参数的多元回归分析,建立碎裂岩体滑坡最大厚度衰减公式、浅水区滑坡淹没率经验公式以及三维涌浪近场最大波幅的预测方程. 红岩子滑坡和龚家坊滑坡现场观测资料分析结果验证了方程在浅水中的有效性.     

Application of three-dimensional discrete element face-to-face contact model with fissure water pressure to stability analysis of landslide in Panluo iron mine

1 Introduction Rock slopes usually contain many jointed surfaces such as joint fissure. When subject to water seepage, the jointed surfaces will induce many geologic disasters such as land- slide and mudflow, and these will do great loss to the national economic development. Therefore, it is very important to deeply understand the mechanism of these disasters. Site observations and analysis on the landslide show that water is one of the key factors to induce landslide[1―8]. All methods calcu…     

岩质边坡稳定分析三维与二维的比较

提出岩质边坡沿软弱结构面滑移一剪切的三维稳定分析方法。在分析模型中,下滑体沿滑动面下滑,在其他的面上则产生剪切破坏。在结构面上满足莫尔库伦破坏准则,把剪切面上的摩阻力向下滑方向投影,由下滑体的力学平衡条件求解出未知力,通过迭代可以求得稳定系数。同时推导了摩阻力倾向与倾角的计算式,编制了相应的程序,并利用这个程序,研究了边坡长度、岩层与坡面夹角等因素对边坡稳定系数的影响,比较了三雏分析与二维分析的差别。     

Influence of depth-thickness ratio of mining on the stability of a bedding slope with its sliding surface in concave deformation

In order to study the influence of depth-thickness ratio on bedding slope stability, whose sliding surface is flexural concave in shape under mining conditions, this paper aims to study the characteristics of deformation and damage of bedding sliding with depth-thickness ratios of 200:1, 150:1, 120:1, 100:1 and 50:1by adopting numerical simulation analysis software combined with laboratory-made ‘‘under the influence of mining variable sliding surface slope similar simulation test bed", and to propose identification methods for slope stability under the influence of mining. The results show that mining activities under the slope reduce slope stability. With a decrease in the mining depth ratio, the influence of mining on the slope increases gradually, and the damage to the slope gradually expands, the stability of the slope gradually reduces, fracture occurs on the slope toe and the central fissure gradually develops to the surface,and reaches slide threshold when the depth-thickness ratio is 50:1.     

金沙江上游白格滑坡黏土化蚀变岩的灾变力学行为研究

金沙江构造结合带是典型的板块碰撞作用形成的构造混杂岩带,不仅地质结构复杂,而且发育了工程特性极差的特殊岩土体。在金沙江上游白格滑坡成因机理调查与分析过程中,新发现了巨型滑坡体后缘滑壁发育厚度较大、分布较连续的黏土化蚀变岩,是构成滑动带的重要组分。基于相关样品的原位测试和室内系统的物质组成、耐崩解、环形剪切、动三轴等物理力学试验研究,揭示了黏土化蚀变岩的灾变力学特性及其在白格滑坡形成演化中的作用。主要结论如下：（1）白格滑坡黏土化蚀变岩是金沙江构造结合带中蛇绿岩蚀变的产物,蚀变程度高,蚀变系数介于0.64～0.86之间,黏土矿物成分以伊利石为主、伊/蒙混层矿物次之,遇水极易崩解,崩解指数达50%以上;（2）黏土化蚀变岩中工程性质最差的是蚀变黏土,水和振动荷载作用下强度弱化显著,含水率由10%增至20%后剪切强度降幅达34%,动强度远小于其静强度,并随着振动次数的增加不断降低,是促进斜坡岩体结构面贯通、破坏的重要因素;（3）白格滑坡滑动面的形成受节理结构面与黏土化蚀变岩联合控制,整体上可分为2种模式：黏土化蚀变岩厚层软弱夹层型和充填节理裂隙贯通型;（4）金沙江上游发育的不少巨型高位滑坡与黏土化蚀变岩不良工程特性具有密切的关系,岩体结构与特殊岩性的组合是值得关注的区域性易滑地质结构。相关认识对于青藏高原东缘大江大河岸坡稳定性分析和防灾减灾具有较好的启示意义。     

Effect of fissure water on mechanical characteristics of rock mass

In view of the effect of fissure water in fractured rock mass on the strength of rock mass in engineering projects,we prepared specimens of cement mortar to simulate saturated rock mass with continuous fractures of different slope angles.By exerting static and dynamic loads on the specimens,the mechanical characteristics of rock mass with fissure water under these loads can be analyzed.Our experimental results indicate that the static compressive strength of saturated fractured rock mass is related to the slope angle.The lowest compressive strength of fractured rock mass occurs when the slope angle is 45°,while the highest strength occurs when the specimen has no fractures.Fissure water can weaken the strength of rock mass.The softening coefficient does not vary with the slope angle and type of load.The hydrodynamic pressure of fractured rock mass gradually increases with an increase in dynamic load.For a 0° slope angle,the hydrodynamic pressure reaches its highest level.When the slope angle is 90°,the hydrodynamic pressure is the lowest.     

福建高速公路边坡岩土体质量评价方法

福建省高速公路边坡上部为土下部为岩,整体稳定状态良好,为对在开挖后及支护前后出现局部滑塌现象的岩土边坡进行快速、准确的稳定性评价,基于极限平衡法,提出一种适合于岩土边坡岩土体质量评价的方法,首次综合岩和土的质量评价方法对边坡稳定性进行分析,扩充了边坡岩体分级的范畴．用该法评价福建省7条高速公路的102个边坡,结果与实际...     

G4216仁沐新高速公路新市互通区巨型滑坡处治方案

G4216线仁寿经沐川至新市高速公路止点发育多处巨型滑坡,且新市镇作为仁沐新高速、宜新高速、新金高速、串新高速等4条高速公路转换的重要结点,有设落地互通的需求;因此给新市互通区的工程防护、处治设计提出了巨大挑战。在室内试验结合工程现状反算的基础上综合确定滑带土力学参数,再通过滑坡剩余推力计算,得到主滑断面最大剩余下滑力为16 720 kN/m,远超支挡结构提供的极限抗滑强度。结合互通区构造物设计、路基标高、滑坡推力等因素确定了分区处治方案:清方减载实现整体稳定;前缘设桩加固次级滑面;后缘设锚杆(索)加固清方形成的高边坡;采用小截面抗滑桩支挡顶部中小型滑坡;结合坡面截排水措施共同防护。     

Application of three-dimensional discrete element face-to-face contact model with fissure water pressure to stability analysis of landslide in Panluo iron mine

Three-dimensional discrete element face-to-face contact model with fissure water pressure is established in this paper and the model is used to simulate three-stage process of landslide under fissure water pressure in the opencast mine, according to the actual state of lands lide in Panluo iron mine where landslide happened in 1990 and was fathered in 1999. The calculation results show that fissure water pressure on the sliding surface is the main reason causing landslide and the local soft interlayer weakens the stability of slope. If the discrete element method adopts the same assumption as the limit equilibrium method, the results of two methods are in good agreement; while if the assumption is not adopted in the discrete element method, the critical ? numerically calculated is less than the one calculated by use of the limit equilibrium method for the same C. Thus, from an engineering point of view, the result from the discrete element model simulation is safer and has more widely application since the discrete element model takes into account the effect of rock mass structures.     

基于振动台试验的含软弱夹层堆积体边坡动力响应规律与失稳破坏现象研究

针对川藏铁路沿线典型潜在滑坡灾害点,设计完成了几何相似比为1:10的含软弱夹层堆积体高陡边坡振动台试验,从滑塌现象、动力特性及成因机制等方面开展了系统研究,得出以下结论：边坡滑塌是一个均衡渐进的过程,在地震初期,在重力和地震力耦合作用下,滑体表面出现土体剥落;随着地震动持续,滑体顶部开裂,滑体表面裂缝增多并向前缘锁固段发展;最终,锁固段发生渐进性破坏,滑动面贯通,滑体从前缘剪出口滑出形成滑坡;以坡脚处的加速度峰值为基准,在不同烈度汶川卧龙地震波作用下,堆积体高陡边坡临空面方向、竖直方向上PGA沿着高程均有不同程度的放大,且边坡临空面向加速度放大性大于竖直方向。不论是边坡临空面方向还是竖直方向,随着输入地震动峰值的增大,加速度高程放大系数逐渐增大,在PGA=0.4g时达到峰值;滑床、滑体间运动的不一致性是诱发滑坡的一项主控影响因素,在堆积体滑塌前,堆积体内临空面的加速度峰值及其傅立叶幅值大于滑床,且两者的卓越频带基本一致,略有差别;当堆积体开始滑塌时,堆积体内临空面的加速度峰值及其傅立叶幅值小于滑床,且卓越频带逐渐向低频转移,而滑床内的加速度傅立叶谱的主频和幅值基本不变。     

基于PFC-Geostudio耦合的边坡降雨变形破坏研究

为研究降雨条件下边坡的变形破坏情况,建立典型边坡模型,通过有限元软件Geostudio进行渗流分析,将不同降雨强度下的边坡土体的含水量情况导入至颗粒流方法中,根据颗粒位置修改其重度、及接触参数,并对渗流区域施加渗流力,当降雨强度大于边坡入渗速度时,增加考虑坡面径流对颗粒的拖曳作用,分析了不同降雨强度下边坡变形情况以及滑坡破坏过程。研究表明,发生降雨时,边坡变形主要为沉降,最大变形产生在坡顶位置;当降雨强度较大时,坡脚颗粒会由于冲刷作用发生滑动,并诱发后部边坡土体发生渐进式牵引式滑坡。