超大规模集成电路CoSix抗氧化阻挡层的制备优化

为了制备性能良好的Co(W,P)抗氧化层薄膜材料,提出用SiH4或Si2H6对Co层进行硅化的方案.在整个硅化过程中存在着Si在Co中的扩散和Cu在Co中的扩散,为了实现较好的硅化效果有必要对扩散速率进行定量化.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Cu在Co中的扩散和Si在Co中的扩散进行深度剖面分析得到了有用的数据,在讨论了扩散过程的基础上,绘制了条件优化区域.实验结果表明硅化反应的化学气相沉积(CVD)所得到的CoSi薄膜的抗氧化性能明显地比过程优化前得到了提高.     

Co/C/Si(100)结构固相外延生长CoSi_2

采用 Co/C/Si多层薄膜结构的中间层诱导固相外延方法在 Si(10 0 )上制备外延 Co Si2 薄膜 .用四探针电阻仪、XRD、AES、RBS等分析手段对该结构固相反应形成的薄膜的电学特性、组分、晶体结构等进行了表征 .结果表明 ,Co/C/Si多层结构经快速热退火 ,可以在 Si(10 0 )衬底上得到导电性能和高温稳定性良好的 Co Si2 薄膜 .C层的加入阻碍了 Co和 Si的互扩散和互反应 ,从而促进了 Co Si2 在硅衬底上的外延 .     

Co/C/Si(100)结构固相外延生长CoSi2

采用Co/C/Si多层薄膜结构的中间层诱导固相外延方法在Si(100)上制备外延CoSi2薄膜.用四探针电阻仪、XRD、AES、RBS等分析手段对该结构固相反应形成的薄膜的电学特性、组分、晶体结构等进行了表征.结果表明,Co/C/Si多层结构经快速热退火,可以在Si(100)衬底上得到导电性能和高温稳定性良好的CoSi2薄膜.C层的加入阻碍了Co和Si的互扩散和互反应,从而促进了CoSi2在硅衬底上的外延.     

微波等离子体退火制备CoSi_2薄膜

采用微波等离子体退火方法使溅射的金属钴薄膜与(1 0 0 )硅衬底发生固相反应直接生成Co Si2 ,证明了采用微波等离子体退火制备低阻硅化钴的可行性.通过X射线衍射图谱发现,当退火时间相同时,在6 1 0℃时先形成Co Si2 (1 1 1 )织构,75 0℃时(1 0 0 )取向的Co Si2 生长显著.此外,在微波作用下,无需先形成富Co的Co2 Si和Co Si,就能直接得到稳态的Co Si2 ,不同于常规的热处理.分析认为这是因为微波可以促进固相反应中Co原子的扩散,有利于Co Si2 形核生长     

用于自对准提升硅化物结构的CO/Si/Ti/Si及CO/Si/…Ti/Si多层薄膜固相反应研究

为了减小硅化物形成过程中消耗的衬底硅,提出添加非晶Si的新方法,并探索了Co/Si/Ti/Si及Co/Si(×7)/Ti/Si多层薄膜固相反应的两种途径.实验采用四探针、XRD、RBS等多种方法对固相反应过程进行了研究,对反应形成的CoSi2薄膜进行了测试分析,并探索了在SiO2/Si及图形片上的选择腐蚀工艺.结果表明,当选择合适的Co：Si原子比,恰当的两步退火方式及选择腐蚀溶液,两种方法都可以形成自对准硅化物结构.研究了这两种固相反应过程,发现在一定的Co:Si原子比范围内,这两种方法制备的CoSi2薄膜都有一定的外延特性,其中第一种途径得到的CoSi2薄膜具有十分良好的外延特性.     

Cu金属化系统双扩散阻挡层的研究

采用二次离子质谱仪(SIMS)测试了SiON和Ta双层扩散阻挡层及Ta扩散阻挡层的阻挡性能;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)测量了沉积态有Ta阻挡层和无阻挡层Cu膜的晶体学取向结构;利用电子薄膜应力测试仪测量了具有双层阻挡层Cu膜的应力分布状况。测试结果表明,双阻挡层中Ta黏附层有效地将Cu附着于Si基片上,并对Cu具有一定的阻挡效果,而SiON层则有效地阻止了Cu向SiO2中的扩散。与Ta阻挡层相比,双阻挡层具有较好阻挡性能。有Ta阻挡层的Cu膜的{111}织构明显强于无阻挡层的Cu膜。离子注氮后,薄膜样品应力平均值为206MPa;而电镀Cu膜后,样品应力平均值为-661.7MPa。     

磁控溅射的TaN薄膜的扩散阻挡性能

用反应磁控溅射方法在SiO2/Si(100)衬底和Cu薄膜间溅射一层TaN阻挡层,测试不同N气分压及热处理温度下Cu/TaN/SiO2/Si薄膜的显微结构和电阻特性.同时利用微细加工技术加工了镂空的Cu互连叉指测试结构,研究了TaN薄膜在镂空的铜互连结构中的扩散阻挡性能.结果发现,在退火温度不超过400 ℃时,薄膜电阻率均低于80μΩ·cm,而当溅射N分压超过10%,退火温度超过400℃时,薄膜电阻率很快上升.低N气分压下(≤10%)溅射时,即使退火温度达到600 ℃,薄膜电阻基本不变.     

SiO_x调制的三元硅化物(Co_(1-x)Ni_x)Si_2外延

报道了通过 Co/ Ni/ Si Ox/ Si(10 0 )体系固相反应 ,实现三元硅化物 (Co1 - x Nix) Si2 薄膜外延生长及薄膜特性的表征 .测试结果表明 ,中间氧化硅层对原子扩散起到阻挡作用 .XRD和 RBS图谱显示 ,有中间层的样品所形成的硅化物膜和硅衬底有良好的外延关系 .而 Co/ Ni/ Si(10 0 )体系 ,则形成多晶硅化物膜 ,和硅衬底没有外延关系 .外延三元硅化物 (Co1 - x Nix) Si2 膜的晶格常数介于 Co Si2 和 Ni Si2 之间 ,从而可以降低生成膜的应力 .薄膜的厚度约为110 nm;最小沟道产额 (χmin)为 2 2 % .外延三元硅化物膜的电阻率约为 17μΩ· cm ;高温稳定性达     

磁控溅射生长Cu/Si薄膜

用溅射方法在Si(111)上生长Cu/Si,Ti/Si,Cu/Ti/Si薄膜。用XRD,红外吸收光谱,台阶仪对薄膜进行分析和测量。结果表明:在150℃溅射生长出的Cu/Ti/Si薄膜的缓冲层为硅化物TiSi2(311);Cu薄膜的主要成分是晶粒大小为17nm的Cu(111);Cu/Ti/Si(111)平均厚度为462nm,粗糙度为薄膜厚度的3%。在以TiSi2薄膜为缓冲层的Si(111)衬底上生长出的Cu薄膜抗氧化性较强、薄膜均匀性和致密性较好。     

MgO缓冲层对Si衬底上制备Fe3Si薄膜性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法和热加工工艺在n型Si衬底上溅射不同厚度的MgO层并制备Fe-Si薄膜层,退火后形成Fe3Si/MgO/Si多层膜结构.利用MgO缓冲层对退火时Si衬底扩散原子进行屏蔽,并分析MgO层对Fe3Si薄膜结构和电学性质的影响.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和四探针测试仪对Fe3Si薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、断面形貌和电阻率进行表征与分析.研究结果表明:当MgO层厚度为20 nm时生成Fe0.9Si0.1薄膜,当厚度为50,100,150和200 nm时都生成了Fe3Si薄膜,生成的Fe3Si和Fe0.9Si0.1薄膜以(110)和(211)取向为主.随MgO缓冲层厚度增加,Si衬底扩散原子对Fe3Si薄膜的影响减小,Fe3 Si薄膜的晶格常数逐渐减小,晶粒大小趋向均匀,平均电阻率呈现先增大后减小趋势.研究结果为后续基于Fe3 Si薄膜的器件设计与制备提供了参考.     

A silicidation-induced process consideration for forming scale-downsilicided junction

A process consideration for forming silicided shallow junctions, arising from silicidation process, has been discussed. The CoSi₂ shallow p⁺n junctions formed by various schemes are characterized. The scheme that implants BF₂⁺ ions into thin Co films on Si substrates and subsequent silicidation yields good junctions, but the problems about the dopant drive-in and knock-on of metal deeply degrade this scheme. In the regime that implants the dopant into Si and then Co deposition, however, a large perimeter leakage of 0.1 nA/cm is caused. Generation current, associated with a defect-enhanced diffusion of Co in Si during silicidation, dominates the leakage. A high-temperature pre-activation prior to Co deposition reduces the perimeter leakage to 0.038 nA/cm, but which deepens the junctions     

A DRAM compatible Cu contact using self-aligned Ta-silicide and Ta-barrier

As an alternative to W contacts currently used in MOSFETs for DRAM, Cu contacts using self-aligned Ta-silicide and Ta-based barrier were studied experimentally. The silicidation of PVD Ta layers was studied first on 300 mm blanket Si wafers. The developed method was applied to patterned wafers in the contacts, that land on poly gate and active areas of NMOS, with a sequence including the PVD of Ta, a silicidation annealing, a Ta-based Cu diffusion barrier and a Cu seed for plating the Cu plug. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflection (XRR) and sheet resistance tests of the blanket wafers show that a Ta layer of about 10 nm reacts with Si substrate and forms TaSi₂ at 650 °C in a reducing ambient. Cross-sectional SEM observation reveals that the selected processing flow fills the 90 nm contacts. Top-view SEM observation on the samples after 420 °C sintering demonstrates that the Cu diffusion barrier is effective. I_on-I_off curves of the devices show a performance for NMOS comparable to the reference samples which use Ni(Pt)Si and the same barrier and Cu contacts, indicating that the stack of the barrier/TaSi₂/p-type Si has a contact resistance comparable to the barrier/Ni(Pt)Si/p-type Si.     

ULSI Cu互连CoSiN扩散阻挡薄膜的研究

CoSiN薄膜可以作为超大规模集成电路Cu布线互连材料使用。利用磁控溅射技术制备了CoSiN/Cu/CoSiN/SiO2/Si薄膜,利用四探针测试仪、薄膜测厚仪、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪等来检测多层膜电阻率、薄膜厚度、表面形貌、元素含量及价态等。考察亚45 nm级工艺条件下CoSiN薄膜对Cu的扩散阻挡性能。实验结果表明,在氩气气氛条件下经500℃,30 min热退火处理后多层膜的电阻率和成分没有发生明显变化,CoSiN薄膜能够保持良好的铜扩散阻挡性能;经600℃,30 min热退火处理后,Cu大量出现在表面,CoSiN薄膜对Cu失去扩散阻挡性能。     

NiSi/Si界面的剖面透射电镜研究

采用不同硅化工艺制备了NiSi薄膜并用剖面透射电镜(XTEM)对样品的NiSi/Si界面进行了研究.在未掺杂和掺杂(包括As和B)的硅衬底上通过物理溅射淀积Ni薄膜,经快速热处理过程(RTP)完成硅化反应.X射线衍射和喇曼散射谱分析表明在各种样品中都形成了NiSi.还研究了硅衬底掺杂和退火过程对NiSi/Si界面的影响.研究表明:使用一步RTP形成NiSi的硅化工艺,在未掺杂和掺As的硅衬底上,NiSi/Si界面较粗糙;而使用两步RTP形成NiSi所对应的NiSi/Si界面要比一步RTP的平坦得多.高分辨率XTEM分析表明,在所有样品中都形成了沿衬底硅〈111〉方向的轴延-NiSi薄膜中的一些特定晶面与衬底硅中的(111)面对准生长.同时讨论了轴延中的晶面失配问题.     

Study of NiSi/Si Interface by Cross-Section Transmission Electron Microscopy

采用不同硅化工艺制备了NiSi薄膜并用剖面透射电镜(XTEM)对样品的NiSi/Si界面进行了研究.在未掺杂和掺杂(包括As和B)的硅衬底上通过物理溅射淀积Ni薄膜,经快速热处理过程(RTP)完成硅化反应.X射线衍射和喇曼散射谱分析表明在各种样品中都形成了NiSi.还研究了硅衬底掺杂和退火过程对NiSi/Si界面的影响.研究表明:使用一步RTP形成NiSi的硅化工艺,在未掺杂和掺As的硅衬底上,NiSi/Si界面较粗糙;而使用两步RTP形成NiSi所对应的NiSi/Si界面要比一步RTP的平坦得多.高分辨率XTEM分析表明,在所有样品中都形成了沿衬底硅〈111〉方向的轴延-NiSi薄膜中的一些特定晶面与衬底硅中的(111)面对准生长.同时讨论了轴延中的晶面失配问题.     

Electroless CoWP as a Diffusion Barrier between Electroless Copper and Silicon

In this work, an electroless CoWP film deposited on a silicon substrate as a diffusion barrier for electroless Cu and silicon has been studied. Four different Cu 120 nm/CoWP/Si stacked samples with 30, 60, 75, and 100 nm electroless CoWP films were prepared and annealed in a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) furnace at 300°C to 800°C for 5 min. The failure behavior of the electroless CoWP film in the Cu/CoWP/Si sample and the effect of CoWP film thickness on the diffusion barrier properties have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and sheet resistance measurements. The composition of the electroless CoWP films was 89.4 at.% Co, 2.4 at.% W, and 8.2 at.% P, as determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). A 30 nm electroless CoWP film can prevent copper penetration up to 500°C, and a 75 nm electroless CoWP film can survive at least up to 600°C. Therefore, increasing the thickness of electroless CoWP films effectively increases the failure temperature of the Cu/CoWP/Si samples. The observations of SEM and TEM show that interdiffusion of the copper and cobalt causes the failure of the electroless CoWP diffusion barriers in Cu/CoWP/Si during thermal annealing.     

Silicidation of Ni(Yb) Film on Si(001)

The influence of the addition of Yb to Ni on the silicidation of Ni was investigated. The Ni(Yb) film was deposited on a Si(001) substrate by co-sputtering, and silicidation was performed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). After silicidation, the sheet resistance of the silicide film was measured by the four-point probe method. X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to identify the silicide phases, and the redistribution of Yb after RTA was characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy. The influence of the Yb addition on the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of the silicide/Si diode was examined by current–voltage measurements. The experimental results reveal that the addition of Yb can suppress the formation of the high-resistivity Ni₂Si phase, but the formation of low-resistivity NiSi phase is not affected. Furthermore, after silicidation, most of the Yb atoms accumulate in the surface layer and only a small number of Yb atoms pile up at the silicide/Si(001) interface. It is believed that the accumulation of a small amount of Yb at the silicide/Si(001) interface results in the SBH reduction observed in the Ni(Yb)Si/Si diode.     

Fabrication of High-Quality Co2FeSi/SiOxNy/Si(100) Tunnel Contacts Using Radical-Oxynitridation-Formed SiOxNy Barrier for Si-Based Spin Transistors

A high-quality Co₂FeSi (CFS)/SiO _x N _y /Si tunnel junction was fabricated, in which the SiO _x N _y barrier layer was formed by radical oxynitridation of an Si(100) substrate and the CFS electrode was formed by silicidation of an Fe/Co/amorphous-Si multilayer deposited on the barrier layer. The ultrathin SiO _x N _y barrier layer completely blocked diffusion of Co and Fe atoms into the Si substrate during rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for the silicidation. X-ray diffraction investigations clarified that the CFS film on the ultrathin SiO _x N _y barrier layer exhibited a highly (110)-oriented texture structure and that the film had the L2₁ structure with a high degree of L2₁ order. High resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that the CFS/SiO _x N _y interface was atomically flat and that the crystal lattice of the CFS film was directly grown on the SiO _x N _y surface without degradation of the crystallinity at the interface.     

铜布线工艺中阻挡层钽膜的研究

从钽膜质量的角度研究了用溅射方法在硅衬底上得到的 60 nm钽膜对铜硅互扩散的阻挡效果 ,钽膜的质量通过对硅衬底的表面处理以及钽膜的淀积速率来控制。研究发现 ,适当的硅衬底表面处理对钽膜是否能产生良好的防扩散能力起着关键的作用。本研究还得到了能有效阻挡铜硅接触的钽膜的淀积速率。