无线传感器网络疑误数据节点自动诊断方法

为了提高无线传感器网络疑误数据检测能力,提出基于轮换调度的无线传感器网络疑误数据节点自动诊断方法。通过采用分块区域特征匹配的方法,得到无线传感器网络疑误数据传输的梯度模型,采用资源优化分配方案,进行数据传输信道的均衡调度,得到节点部署分布模型。通过传感信息跟踪采样方法,得到采样信息分布,建立无线传感器网络疑误数据信息特征分析,通过分组特征检测方法进行无线传感器网络疑误数据的信息融合和空间融合调度,提取无线传感器网络疑误数据的关联规则特征集,通过统计信息分析和融合调度的方法,进行无线传感器网络疑误数据的聚类挖掘,采用预算估计算法,得到疑误数据节点定位优化,结合自主学习算法,实现无线传感器网络疑误数据节点的优化定位和诊断检测。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行无线传感器网络疑误数据节点检测的自适应性较好,特征辨识能力较强。     

基于线性回归的无线传感器网络分布式数据采集优化策略

事件监测是无线传感器网络中最重要的应用之一,部署在监测区域内的传感器节点通过对感知数据信息的采集、处理和传输等基本操作完成具体的监测任务,在各种操作中,节点之间的数据传输是最消耗能量的.为了减少节点之间的通信数据量,达到降低网络能耗和延长网络生命周期的目的,该文提出了一种能量高效的基于线性回归的无线传感器网络分布式数据采集优化策略,通过应用线性回归分析方法构建感知数据模型,保持感知数据的特征,使节点仅传输回归模型的参数信息,代替传输实际监测的感知数据信息.仿真实验结果表明,文中提出的数据采集优化策略能通过较小的通信量有效地实现事件监测区域感知数据的预测和估计,降低网络的总能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期.     

基于感知数据概率模型的无线传感器网络采样和通信调度算法

在无线传感器网络中,如何动态地管理能量,最大限度地延长网络的生命周期是一个关键的问题。文中提出了一种基于感知数据概率模型的传感器网络的采样和通信动态调度算法,使传感器节点根据感知数据的概率模型来确定自己的采样和通信时机,最小化采样频率和通信量,减少传感器节点的能量消耗,延长传感器网络的生命期。该算法是一种分布式算法,适用于无线传感器网络。该算法采用了简单的概率模型,资源需求量小,适合于在目前普遍使用的资源受限的传感器节点上运行。模拟试验结果表明,这种方法与其他方法相比,具有很高的能量有效性。     

基于分类的分布式压缩感知算法

在无线传感器网络中,压缩感知是一种新兴的数据融合方法,能利用少量数据采样进行数据恢复。由于具有较好的节省能耗的性质,压缩感知受到研究人员越来越多的关注。然而,传统的应用于无线传感器网络中压缩感知方法是在汇聚节点得到所有节点的加权和,然后利用重构算法对整个网络中各节点的数据进行恢复,并没有考虑到网络节点的分布式的特性。因此,当网络拓扑较复杂时,应用压缩感知时数据需要传输的次数并不会低于利用最短路径树时数据需要传输的次数。在该文中,我们考虑如何将压缩感知技术更好的和网络节点的分布式结构相结合,使得该技术的更加符合无线传感器网络的需求。     

基于小波树模型的CoSaMP压缩感知算法

无线传感网络存在网络带宽限制和传感器节点的能耗问题,实际应用中通常希望可以通过重构算法从采集的少量数据中还原出原始信息,压缩感知理论为上述问题提供了一个解决思路。利用压缩感知理论,对无线传感器网络中温度传感器的监测信号进行了压缩感知的应用研究。针对传统压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法中测量次数多、重构精度低等问题,利用信号的小波系数所形成的连通树的结构特性,提出了基于小波树模型的压缩采样匹配追踪算法。将该算法应用到无线传感器网络监测信号的压缩感知仿真实验中,与传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法的重构性能进行比较,结果表明该算法较传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法在一定范围内对无线传感器网络中的温度信号具有更好的压缩感知性能。     

基于动态网格划分的移动无线传感器网络定位算法

定位技术是无线传感器网络中关键的基础支撑技术,目前提出了许多静态网络的节点定位算法,移动无线传感器网络的定位研究相对较少.针对定位节点和参考节点随机运动的网络模型,提出了一个基于动态网格划分的蒙特卡罗定位算法.算法中当接收的参考节点数超过一定阈值时使用最远距离节点选择模型,选出部分参考节点参与定位和信息转发,节约能耗.接着基于选择的或所有接收的参考节点构建采样区域,进行网格划分,使用网格单元数计算最大采样次数,在采样区域内采样并使用误差补偿的运动模型进行过滤,提高了采样效率,减少了计算开销,并保证了较好的定位精度.仿真实验表明算法在定位精度,计算开销、能耗等方面都具有较好的性能.     

无线传感器网络中一种近似Skyline 查询处理算法

由于无线传感器网络的能源有限,且在许多应用中Skyline查询的部分结果即可满足用户需求,提出了一种近似Skyline查询处理算法,在满足用户查询需求的前提下最大化地节省能量.该算法仅需无线传感器网络中的部分传感器节点回传其感知数据即可计算出Skyline查询的一个近似结果集.由于该算法在处理查询时,每个传感器节点只需考察自身数据信息即可决定是否回传其感知数据,而无须与其他传感器节点的感知数据进行比较,因此可以避免大量的网内通信开销,从而节省网络能源.模拟环境下的大量实验结果表明,该算法可以根据用户的应用需求,节能地处理传感器网络中的近似skyline查询.     

WSNs下一种自适应多传感器协同目标跟踪策略*

对WSNs中机动目标跟踪问题提出一种自适应多传感器协同跟踪策略.该策略能根据目标的移动位置,动态地唤醒无线传感器网络中部分传感器节点形成分簇,并选择合适的簇首和采样间隔进行目标跟踪.簇内节点通过协作感知以及测量信息融合,提高了跟踪精度,同时自适应可变采样间隔节约了通信能量和计算资源,满足了跟踪系统的实时性要求.提出了传感器网络能量均衡分配的指标,提高了网络的可靠性.由于模型的非线性和目标运动的机动性,采用IMM滤波器进行目标状态估计.仿真结果表明,与NSSS和DGSS相比,跟踪精度明显提高;与DCSS相比,在保证一定跟踪精度的同时,节约了能量消耗.     

基于压缩感知的无线传感器网络数据融合算法

无线传感器网络中存在大量的数据冗余,数据融合技术通过对采样数据进行压缩,消除冗余,有效的减少了节点发送的数据量,延长传感器网络的寿命．提出了压缩感知与数据转发相结合的数据融合算法,在网络采样数据收集的过程中根据节点的子节点个数选择利用压缩感知对数据进行压缩还是直接对数据进行数据转发．仿真结果表明,和基于压缩感知的数据融合算法相比,数据转发与压缩感知相结合的数据融合算法,有效地在平衡节点间负载的同时减少节点的发送量．     

一种无线传感器网络定位问题中的分簇算法

本文提出一种用于平面无线传感器网络定位的分簇算法.首先,锚节点根据地理位置划分感知区域;然后,通过拓扑发现过程和锚节点问的信息交换,实现锚节点对周围网络拓扑的感知;最后,根据就近原则将所有未知节点分配到以锚节点为边缘的各个子区域中,而分配到各个子区域中的未知节.点和边缘的锚节点,则构成网络中的各个簇,并由每个簇的主节点保存本簇内全部拓扑信息.该算法可以实现多跳节点的分簇,并且具有较小的通信量,可用于多种基于分簇的分布式定位算法中,有助于解决大规模无线传感器网络的定位问题.仿真实验结果显示,在锚节点按网格分布和随机分布两种情况下,该算法都可以得到良好的分簇结果.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.