去甲乌药碱衍生物及其开环类似物的合成

去甲乌药碱具有强心作用,为了寻找更有效的化合物,设计合成了一系列去甲乌药碱类似物,其中包括B环开环类似物;双-四氢异喹啉类及其开环类似物;氨基侧链取代C环等。在所合成的化合物中,D_2呈明显活性,优于去甲乌药碱。     

碳环核苷类化合物的合成

通过氯代环戊烯和相应的嘧啶碱基缩合,再环氧化和开环得到了5′-去羟甲基碳环核苷类似物。所合成化合物经体外L₁₂₁₀和肝癌细胞筛选,并用2215细胞株进行抗乙肝病毒筛选,均未发现有意义的活性。     

抗肿瘤药物研究——Ⅲ.去甲斑蝥素六元环类似物及开环衍生物的合成与抗癌活性

本文以抗癌药物去甲斑蝥素为原型化合物,设计合成了15个六元环类似物及开环衍生物,其结构均经元素分析,~1HNMR,IR,MS等证实,初步药效表明:化合物(Ⅴ),(Ⅳ_2)对人肝癌细胞有一定的抑制作用。     

3,4-二氢-海南新碱类似物的合成及抗溃疡作用

为考察3,4-二氢-海南新碱类似物C₁取代基对化合物抗溃疡活性的影响,设计并合成了13对共26个新的3,4-二氢-海南新碱类似物,A,B互为非对映异构体,大部分化合物在大鼠冷应激溃疡模型中有一定的抗溃疡活性,其中IX₃A,IX₇A,IX₈A,IX₁₂A,IX₁₂B,IX₁₃A6个化合物表现较强活性,超过西咪替丁。对构效关系进行了初步分析。     

老年痴呆症药物石杉碱甲的类似物研究Ⅱ(±)-失二碳石杉碱甲类似物的合成

石衫碱甲(1)是从中草药干层塔中提取分离到的一种高效可逆的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,经临床试验证实对老年痴呆症有显著疗效。本文报道保持石杉碱甲分子基本骨架,失二个甲基类似物7和8的合成。β-酮酯2和丙烯醛发生Michael-Aldol反应得直立键和平伏键的羟基化合物9和10,其相应的甲磺酸酯11和12分别在丙二酸钠和醋酸中130℃回流,直立键甲磺酸酯11发生消去反应得需要的环内双键中间体13,而平伏键甲磺酸酯12则发生SN₂取代反应得直立键醋酸酯14。基于全合成路线,合成了失二碳石杉碱甲类似物7和8,其乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性均低于天然石杉碱甲。     

去甲乌药碱类衍生物的合成及其心血管活性

去甲乌药碱(demethylcoclaurine,DMC)具有正性肌力作用,但同时能使心率加快。本文以 C 环对位羟基被硝基取代的DMC 活性衍生物为先导化合物,设计合成了A 环不同位置有不同数目—OCH_3或—OH取代的二氢和四氢异喹啉衍生物共24个。     

盐酸去甲乌药碱注射液在药物负荷核素心肌灌注显像中的有效性与安全性

目的评价盐酸去甲乌药碱注射液和腺苷注射液在药物负荷核素心肌灌注显像中的有效性和安全性。方法 128例病人随机、单盲分为盐酸去甲乌药碱注射液组和腺苷注射液对照组,每例病人均行冠状动脉造影检查,评价试验用药和对照组药物的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值;同时对比2种药物应用中、应用后的不良反应。结果盐酸去甲乌药碱注射液和腺苷注射液在药物负荷核素心肌灌注显像中的有效性和安全性差异无统计学意义。结论盐酸去甲乌药碱注射液具有和腺苷注射液相似的有效性和安全性。     

去甲乌药碱对关节液的保护作用

本文观察到去甲乌药碱对组织胺诱发的大鼠踝关节肿有明显的抗炎作用,并且有较强的清除超氧自由基(O₂^-)的能力和抑制鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化作用,对O₂^-诱导的透明质酸和牛关节液中氨基多糖的解聚具有保护作用。     

替加氟的硒代卵磷脂类化合物的合成与抗癌活性

目的合成硒代卵磷脂类似物作载体的替加氟磷脂缀合物，并测定其活性。方法以六乙基亚磷酰三胺作磷酰化试剂，与羟烷基替加氟、1-十六烷基甘油及硒作用，经“一锅法”得到环甘油硒代磷脂替加氟缀合物，通过三乙胺开环得到目标产物。结果得到6个新化合物，其结构经过¹H NMR，³¹P NMR及元素分析确证。结论三乙胺对环甘油硒代磷脂替加氟缀合物开环在室温下2 h完成。反式开环产物对膀胱癌细胞PGA₁的抑制作用比原药替加氟强。     

新型鬼臼毒素类似物的合成、构型确定及细胞毒作用研究

目的 对鬼臼毒素的A环及D环进行结构改造,以期获得合成潜在候选药物的关键中间体。 方法 以去甲表鬼臼毒素 (DMEP) 为起始原料,经醚裂解、甲基化、水解、PDC氧化、NaBH4还原、Swern氧化等反应制备得到了6个鬼臼毒素开环衍生物。结果与结论 目标产物结构经1H-NMR、HR-MS确证,并结合构象分析和1H-NMR偶合常数的测定提出了确定D环开环类似物中C8&;#61602;位构型的方法。     

衍生化GC法测定生物转化产品L-山梨糖及其中残余D-山梨醇的含量

设计了生物转化产品L-山梨糖及其中残余D-山梨醇的衍生化GC测定方法。以乙酸酐—吡啶(1∶1)为衍生化试剂对样品中残余D-山梨醇进行乙酰化GC测定,再以四氢硼钠为还原剂、乙酸酐为乙酰化试剂对样品中L-山梨糖进行还原乙酰化GC测定。结果表明,D-山梨醇及L-山梨糖分别在0.01999～2.999μg及4.00～24.00μg范围内呈线性。本法精密度及回收率均较好,可用于监测L-山梨糖生物转化终点及其成品中L-山梨糖及残余D-山梨醇的含量。     

野蔷薇根化学成分的研究

野蔷薇根系蔷薇科植物多花蔷薇(Rosa multiflora Thunb.)的干燥根,民间用其除风湿、活气血和治疗乳糜尿。Takahashi等从野蔷薇根中分离出2α,19α-二羟基熊果酸(tomentic acid)。我们从野蔷薇根中分离出三个化合物,通过光谱和化学反应分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇,2α,19α-二羟基熊果酸,和2α,19α-二羟基熊果酸-(28-1)-β-D-     

Studies on electroencephalogram (EEG) in rats suggest that moderate doses of cocaine ord-amphetamine activate D1 rather than D2 receptors

The effects of cocaine andd-amphetamine, two psychomotor stimulant drugs with pronounced addictive properties, on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of rats were studied by telemetric recordings from the skull in non-anesthetized, freely moving rats. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) was recorded. Both cocaine (10 mg/kg IP) andd-amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg IP) produced a desynchronization, characterized by a general lowering in power in all of the frequency bands. These effects of both drugs were mimicked by the selective agonist at D₁ receptors SK&F 38393 (3 mg/kg SC) and were reversed by the antagonist at D₁ receptors SCH 23390 (0.2 mg/kg IP) but not influenced by haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg IP) in a dose which is likely to block D₂ rather than D₁ receptors. These doses of cocaine ord-amphetamine did not produce stereotyped behaviour and slight, if any, increases in locomotor activity only. Large doses of cocaine (30 mg/kg IP) ord-amphetamine (4 mg/kg IP) produced stereotyped behaviour and alterations in EEG which are, based on previous own studies, characteristic for additional stimulation of D₂ receptors. This was manifest in a selective increase in power of the alpha-1 band. A similar effect was also produced by the agonist both at D₁ and D₂ receptors, apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg SC). These results suggest that moderate, but probably rewarding doses of cocaine ord-amphetamine mainly activate D₁ dopamine receptors. This activation might be relevant for the rewarding properties of these drugs.     

金不换山酮成分的研究Ⅲ一个新山酮甙的结构测定

从民族药金不换(Veratrilla baillonii Franch)根中分离到多种酮化合物,经化学及光谱法测定,其中之一为2,3,4,7-四甲氧基酮-1-O-β-D-木糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅰ),是新的酮甙。     

薄层荧光扫描法测定小叶买麻藤等植物中类化合物含量

目的　建立小叶买麻藤中6种类化合物的含量测定方法。方法　在高效硅胶薄层板上,买麻藤丙素、ε-viniferin、白藜芦醇、异丹叶大黄素、银松素以甲苯-冰醋酸-甲醇(3∶1∶0.2)为展开剂,进行二次展开;异丹叶大黄素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸-甲醇(1∶2∶0.5∶0.2)为展开剂,一次展开,展开后用液体石蜡-正己烷(1∶1)浸板,荧光扫描法测定。结果　6种化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数在0.9914～0.9999,回收率为94.4%～104.8％,RSD在2.3%～5.1％之间。用此法测定了小叶买麻藤等12种药用植物中此类化合物的含量和分布。结论　为研究和开发含类化合物的药用资源提供了简便、灵敏、准确的含量测定方法。     

西南獐牙菜化学成分的研究

从西南獐牙菜的全植物中分离出五个化合物,其中四个分别被鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅶ),齐墩果酸(Ⅵ),1,3,7,8-四羟基咄酮(Ⅴ)和山楂酸(Ⅱ)。另一化合物系新的三萜酸糖酯甙,命名为獐牙菜皂甙(swericinctoside,Ⅰ),其结构为2α,3β-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1-6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1-2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。     

Evidence that 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI)-induced hyperthermia in rats is mediated by stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors

The effects of various 5-HT receptor subtype-selective antagonists were studied on phenylisopropylamine hallucinogen1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI)-induced hyperthermia in Wistar rats, in an attempt to characterize the 5-HT receptor subtype mediating DOI-induced hyperthermia. Intraperitoneal administration of DOI to rats produced hyperthermia with a peak effect at 60 min. Pretreatment with propranolol (-adrenoceptor antagonist that also has binding affinity for 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_2C sites), MDL-72222 or ondansetron (5-HT₃ antagonists) did not attenuate DOI-induced hyperthermia. In contrast, pretreatment with metergoline (5-HT₁/5-HT₂ antagonist), ketanserin, LY53857, mesulergine, mianserin and ritanserin (5-HT_2C/5-HT_2A antagonists), as well as spiperone (5-HT_1A/5-HT_2A/D₂ antagonist), significantly attenuated DOI-induced hyperthermia. Furthermore, daily administration of DOI (2.5 mg/kg per day) for 17 days did not produce either tolerance to its hyperthermic effect or modifym-CPP-induced hyperthermia in rats. These findings suggest that DOI-induced hyperthermia in rats is mediated by stimulation of 5-HT_2A receptors.     

去甲乌药碱对火鸡红细胞膜β受体及腺苷环化酶活性的影响

本文研究去甲乌药碱(DMC)和异丙肾上腺素(ISO)对火鸡红细胞膜的腺苷环化酶(AC)活性的影响,并用放射配基结合测定法研究了DMC与ISO对β受体的作用。结果表明DMC能激活火鸡红细胞膜上的AC,此作用能被GTP所加强,被心得安(PRO)所阻断。DMC和不同浓度ISO合用,能加强低浓度ISO激活AC活性的作用,而减弱高浓度ISO的效力。DMC和ISO对β受体有相似的亲和力,而DMC的内在活性较小。这些结果直接证明DMC是β受体部分激动剂。     

疟原虫组织期裂殖体杀灭剂4-甲基-5-(对-氟苯氧基)伯氨喹类似物的合成

A series of. analogues of 4-methyl-5-(p-fluorophenoxy)-primaquine have been prepared for evaluating of tissue schizonticidal actiyity of Plasmodium yoelii in mice. 2-Bromo-4-acetamino-5-nitroanisole was reacted with pfluorophenol in the presence of potassium hydroxide to give 2-(p-fluorophenoxy) 4-acetamino-5-nitroanisole, which was subsequently hydrolyzed to yield corresponding amino compound. Cyclization of the amino compound with methyl vinyl ketone afforded 4-methyl-5-(p-fluorophenoxy)-6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline. This product was reduced by iron and acetic acid to give corresponding 8-aminoquinoline. The latter was condensed with bromoalkylphthalimides to yield 4-methyl-5-(pfluorophenoxy)-6-methony-8- (1-phthalimidoalkyl) aminoquinolines (Ⅳ₁～Ⅳ₇). These compounds were heated with hydrazine hydrate to form 4-methyl-5-(p-fluorophenoxy)-6-methoxy-8-(1-aminoalkyl)aminoquinolines(Ⅳ₈～Ⅳ₁₃), and 4-methyl-5-(p-fluorophenoxy) primaquine (Ⅱ).Compound Ⅱ synthesized was radical curative at 10 mg/kg×1, while the analogues Ⅳ₉ and Ⅳ₁₀ were radical curative at 100 mg/kg×1 against P. yoelii in mice.     

Dopamine D1 and D2 mediation of the discriminative stimulus properties ofd-amphetamine and cocaine

Evidence suggests that stimulants such asd-amphetamine and cocaine act presynaptically by increasing the amount of dopamine (DA) available to stimulate postsynaptic DA receptors. Since two subpopulations of DA receptors (D₁ and D₂) exist, we investigated the role of both of these receptor subtypes in mediating the internal state produced by these stimulants. Two groups of rats (N=8/group) were trained to discriminate intraperitoneal (IP) injections of eitherd-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) or cocaine (10 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever, water-reinforced, drug discrimination task. After stable performance was established (i.e., more than 85% correct under each training condition), substitution and combination tests were conducted with selective D₁ and D₂ agonists and antagonists. The D₂ agonist quinpirole (0.0313–0.125 mg/kg) mimicked both stimulant cues while the D₁ agoinst SKF 38393 (5–20 mg/kg) substituted partially for cocaine but notd-amphetamine. Combination tests with DA antagonists indicated that both the D₁ antagonist SCH 23390 (0.0063–0.25 mg/kg) and the D₂ antagonist haloperidol (0.125–0.5 mg/kg) attenuated the effects of both stimulants; in addition, the substitution of cocaine (20 mg/kg) ford-amphetamine was blocked by both DA antagonists. The ability of both D₁ and D₂ antagonists to attenuate the stimulus effects ofd-amphetamine and cocaine raises the possibility that a synergistic (enabling) interaction between D₁ and D₂ receptors may modulate stimulant cues.