油罐焊缝缺陷的超声相控阵检测

超声相控阵技术作为新型的无损检测技术已应用于油罐缺陷检测领域。针对实际焊缝中可能存在的裂纹、气孔、未熔合和未焊透等缺陷,设计制作了包含不同缺陷的焊缝试块。通过设定超声相控阵的声束角度、焦距位置和焦点尺寸等参数,可清晰检测到焊缝内部缺陷,并能较准确地判断内部缺陷的位置和大小。但相控阵技术对被检件表面要求较高,且需要制作多种试块。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ80 alloy treated by pulsed ultrasonic vibration

Pulsed ultrasonic field was employed in the melt of the AZ80 magnesium alloy.The effects of pulsed ultrasonic field on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy were investigated.The results show that the as-cast microstructure of the AZ80 alloy with pulsed ultrasonic treatment is significantly changed.Pulsed ultrasonic field significantly decreases the grain size,changes the morphologies of theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phases and reduces their area fraction.It is found that pulsc width of ...     

高锶含量AZ31镁合金的铸态组织及含锶相(英文)

研究不同Sr含量(0,0.3%,2.5%和5.0%,质量分数)的AZ31镁合金的铸态组织及含锶相。结果表明:在AZ31镁合金中添加Sr后,枝晶/晶粒尺寸变小,并且在0~5.0%的范围内,随着Sr含量的增加,枝晶细化且形态出现钝化现象,位于晶界/枝晶界的合金相分布更加弥散。添加0.3%Sr后,β-Mg17Al12相从未添加Sr的AZ31合金中的连续、不规则条状转变为不连续、不规则条状和/或细小颗粒状。在添加2.5%Sr和5.0%Sr的合金中发现了一些层片状共晶相,且后者的层片间距更加小。较高含量的Sr添加到AZ31镁合金中可以形成一种新的共晶和/或离异共晶三元Mg11Al5Zn4相,在添加2.5%Sr和5.0%Sr的合金中发现了Mg17Sr2相和Mg2Sr相。     

Corrosion properties of plastically deformed AZ80 magnesium alloy

AZ80 magnesium alloys were deformed at 200,250,300,350 and 400℃ with different deformation degree of 50%,75%, 83%,87%and 90%,respectively.The corrosion properties of different deformed AZ80 samples were studied by galvanic test in 3.5%NaCl solution.The results show that plastic deformation could improve the corrosion resistance of AZ80 alloy;and the corrosion rate of AZ80 deformed at 250℃ with the deformation degree of 83%was the lowest,which was 33%of the as-cast AZ80 alloy.Further studies of the microstructure show that the refined grain size and continuously distribution ofβphase around the grain boundary did have a positive effect on the improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ80 alloys.For AZ80 alloys,the smaller the grain size is,the more homogeneous the structure is,and the better the corrosion resistance is.     

镁合金超声检测的相关增强小波去噪技术

提出了一种基于相关增强与小波阈值相结合的超声信号去噪方法,将该方法用于AZ91镁合金的超声检测能够有效地去除噪声,提高检测精度。由于同类缺陷信号之间相关性较大,因此对同类缺陷的超声信号进行相关处理能够增强缺陷信号;结合小波分析的多分辨分析特点,从频率和时域对增强后的信号进行阈值处理,最终获得了良好的去噪效果。实验结果表明:该方法能够有效去除由粗晶散射引起的结构噪声,对微弱缺陷信号的检测是很有效的,且灵活便捷。     

Effect of high-intensity ultrasonic field on process of semi-continuous casting for AZ80 magnesium alloy billets

Under the high-intensity ultrasonic field,AZ80 magnesium alloy was semi-continuously cast.The effects of ultrasonic intensity on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that the microstructures of the alloy cast under high-intensity ultrasonic field are fine and uniform,and the grains are equiaxed,rose-shaped or globular with an average size of 257μm.High-intensity field significantly decreases the grain size,changes the morphologies of theβ-Mg17Al12 phases and reduces their area fraction.It is also shown that a proper increase in ultrasonic intensity is helpful to obtain fine,uniform and equiaxed as-cast microstructures.The optimum ultrasonic parameters are that frequency is 20 kHz and ultrasonic intensity is 1 368 W.The mechanical tests show that the mechanical properties of the as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy billets cast under ultrasonic field are greatly improved,and with increasing the ultrasonic intensity,the mechanical properties of the entire alloy billets are much higher and more uniform than those of the alloy without ultrasonic field.     

Electrochemical Performance of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy under Different Processing Conditions

为选择一种高性价比的镁电池阳极材料,借助电化学工作站、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱分析(EDS)对不同加工状态的AZ31B镁合金电化学性能进行研究。分别将挤压、轧制、铸轧和铸态AZ31B镁合金作为阳极材料,测试其电化学性能。结果表明,在4种加工状态下,挤压态镁合金是性价比最高的一种阳极材料;其组织由均匀细小的晶粒和第二相组成,拥有最负的平衡电位,最低腐蚀电流密度和最小自腐蚀速率;挤压态样品腐蚀后,表面产生疏松细小,且均匀分布的腐蚀产物,降低了阳极极化,增加了阳极利用率。轧制和铸轧态的AZ31B镁合金的电化学活性和耐蚀性能相对挤压态的较低。铸态AZ31B镁合金由于较粗大的晶粒、第二相和铸造缺陷,表现出不稳定的放电曲线和较正的放电电位。不同状态AZ31镁合金的腐蚀均以点蚀为主。     

对接焊缝相控阵超声检测可靠性的CIVA仿真与试验

对比了相控阵超声和常规超声对接焊缝的检测仿真和试验,分析了对接焊缝相控阵超声检测的可靠性,为承压设备相控阵超声检测标准的制订提供相应参考。仿真与试验得出：相控阵超声检测的缺陷检出率总体上要高于常规超声检测。对于有着严重危害且对声束指向性要求较高的面状缺陷,相控阵超声的检出率要高于常规超声。对于夹渣、未焊透等体积性缺陷,相控阵与常规超声的检出率均非常高。但是对于气孔类回波较小的体积性缺陷,相控阵超声的检出率明显高于常规超声。对于工件厚度较大的焊缝,相控阵超声较常规超声技术可以扫描检测到更厚的焊缝区域。在缺陷测长方面,相控阵超声的测长结果相对于常规超声技术总体偏大,测长精度并无明显优势。     

AZ80合金初始晶粒对其流变应力影响的研究

在Gleeble-3800热模拟机上分别对铸态和预变形态AZ80合金进行了等温压缩,研究了初始晶粒对其流变应力的影响。结果表明,相同条件下,初始晶粒细小的预变形态AZ80合金,其峰值流变应力比铸态合金可降低20%左右,同时变形后的组织也较细密;随着变形量(真实应变)的增大,晶粒尺寸对流变应力的影响减弱。在此基础上,提出了铸态镁合金预变形省力成形方法,为降低镁合金成形力提供了新的思路。     

基于超声无损检测的扩散连接界面缺陷尺寸评估

针对扩散连接界面缺陷的无损检测问题,开展了人工缺陷试样的水浸超声检测试验研究,提出了扩散连接界面缺陷超声响应模型,开发了一种通过超声检测评估界面缺陷厚向尺寸的检测手段. 首先利用扩散连接的方法制备了带有人工缺陷扩散连接试样,采用30 MHz的入射波频率,对试样进行水浸超声无损检测. 基于超声无损检测原理提出了未焊合缺陷的超声响应模型,引入扩散连接界面劲度系数K作为桥梁建立起超声反射波反射率与界面缺陷尺寸之间的联系. 通过特定检测位置的超声反射波数据和实际微观缺陷尺寸数据拟合确定超声响应模型常数,进而实现基于超声无损检测的界面缺陷厚向尺寸评估. 结果表明,传统超声C扫描一般只是定性地反映缺陷存在与否,而厚向尺寸评估方法的提出在一定程度上为超声C扫描做了补充,有助于缺陷尺寸的定量检测,实现缺陷危害等级的评估.     

Analysis on flow stress of magnesium alloys during high temperature deformation

The flow stress of magnesium alloys during hot compression at different temperatures and strain rates was studied by experiments.Materials used were AZ91D alloys in as-cast,homogeneous treatment states,AZ31 and ZK60 alloys in as-cast state. The results show that the thermal simulation curves of different alloys differ from one another at the same deforming condition.The general curves of AZ31 and AZ91D alloys have the character of dynamic recrystallization.There are increase of true stress,drastic fallin...     

TA15钛合金激光熔化沉积制件超声相控阵检测

为了确保激光增材制件的质量安全,对其进行可靠的无损检测与评价尤为重要。 针对 TA15 钛合金激光熔化沉积制件,使用常规超声以及超声相控阵检测技术对其内部缺陷进行检测,重点研究了激光增材制件内部缺陷的超声检测特性以及超声相控阵检测技术在增材制件上的应用优势。 使用激光熔化沉积技术制备了含有熔合不良缺陷的试验样件,从 XYZ 3 个方向分别对样件进行了全面检测。 结果表明,激光增材制件内部的缺陷具有明显的方向性,因此, 为了确保激光增材制件检测结果可靠,应从 XYZ 3 个方向分别进行全面检测。 相比与常规超声检测,超声相控阵检测技术大大提高了检测效率,能够直接成像缺陷的轮廓边界,降低了技术依赖性及人工疲劳性,针对大型增材制件的检测需求具有广阔的应用前景。     

Nd添加对AZ80镁合金显微组织及力学性能的影响(英文)

研究添加稀土元素Nd对AZ80镁合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加1.0%Nd元素可以有效地改善AZ80合金的铸态组织,其晶粒尺寸由448μm细化至125μm,凝固组织中出现条状的Al11Nd3相和块状的Al2Nd相,且β-Mg17Al12相显著细化,由连续网状变为不连续分布。时效过程中Nd元素的添加抑制了晶界处不连续析出相的出现,并推迟合金时效峰值的出现。在AZ80合金中添加1.0%Nd时,合金的综合力学性能最佳,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为103.7MPa、224.0MPa和8.4%。该合金T6态的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到141.1和231.1MPa。     

AZ91铸造镁合金缺陷的超声检测技术

以AZ91铸造镁合金试块上的人工孔形缺陷为检测对象,研究缺陷的直径及埋藏深度与超声A扫描信号特征量的关系。结果表明,缺陷信号幅值与孔形缺陷直径及其埋藏深度有良好的线性关系。采用低通滤波和小波分析的方法对从镁合金试块上采集到的弱信号进行降噪处理,结果表明,小波变换能有效提高小孔径缺陷信号的信噪比。     

Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium matrix nanocomposites fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration

Particulate reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposites were fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration. Compared with the as-cast AZ91 alloy, the grain size of matrix alloy in the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min was significantly decreased due to the addition of SiC nanoparticles. SiC nanoparticles within the grains exhibited homogeneous distribution although some SiC clusters still existed along the grain boundaries in the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min. With increasing the stirring time, agglomerates of SiC nanoparticles located along the grain boundaries increased. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite stirring for 5 min were simultaneously improved compared with the as-cast AZ91 alloy. However, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 nanocomposite decreased with increasing the stirring time.     

AZ91D镁合金线膨胀系数的测定

采用自制的千分表线膨胀仪,测定了AZ91D镁合金加热温度与膨胀量的关系,并通过同归分析求得AZ91D镁合金在特定加热速度下的膨胀量与温度的关系式,进而求得在特定的加热速度下AZ91D镁合金的线膨胀系数与温度的关系式,丰富了镁合金的物性参数数据,而且为镁合金的其他研究与应用提供了理论参考依据.     

喷射成形Mg-9Al-xZn合金的微观组织演变

利用喷射成形技术制备AZ91、AZ92和AZ93镁合金沉积柱坯,并对其微观组织演变进行观察.结果表明:铸态普通凝固AZ91合金的晶粒粗大,脆性β-Mg17Al12相连续分布成网状结构;而喷射成形AZ91、AZ92和AZ93合金的组织均匀,晶粒被充分细化,β-Mg17Al12相的网状结构被打破;喷射沉积快速凝固条件下高的冷却速率促进了过饱和α-Mg固溶体组织的形成,使得偏析相减少,形态改善;Zn含量的增加降低了Al在Mg中的溶解极限,促进了β-Mg17Al12相在晶界的析出及α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12离异共晶组织的形成;Zn元素的偏析倾向为激活成分过冷区内的形核质点提供了驱动力,从而阻碍了晶粒长大.     

非标件压力管道加厚弯头凹坑腐蚀超声相控阵检测的应用

本文应用超声波相控阵技术,对非标件的压力管道加厚弯头凹坑腐蚀减薄进行了检测。检测发现,加厚弯头因其内部凹槽腐蚀特殊性,普通超声波测厚无法完成,而相控阵技术因其探头晶片聚焦功能可实现对加厚弯头腐蚀凹坑的识别,相控阵检测图像信号清晰完整,最后对检测有异常信号的弯头进行解剖,发现相控阵检测的缺陷信号与非标件弯头凹坑缺陷相符合,为今后检测非标件压力管道加厚弯头内部凹坑缺陷提供了有效的技术支持。     

Precipitation and responding damping behavior of heat-treated AZ31 magnesium alloy

Microstructure observation and dynamic mechanical analysis were carried out to investigate the precipitation and responding damping behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy. All the strain amplitude-dependent damping curves of the aged alloys are located between the curves of solutionized and as-cast alloys, although they have different critical strain amplitudes. The G-L theory is employed to explain the damping mechanism involving the interaction between the dislocation and the precipitated phase. In addition, a damping peak is observed at temperatures close to 330 ℃ for AZ31 magnesium alloy, which is related to the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase dissolution.     

高精度AZ31镁合金薄壁管件等温挤压后的组织与性能

研究了不同条件下AZ3l镁合金管材的等温挤压情况,并对挤压前后材料组织与力学性能的变化进行了分析.研究结果表明,AZ31镁合金热挤压时发生了动态再结晶,材料组织比铸态时细化,力学性能大幅度提高;在(653±10)K挤压温度范围内金属流动均匀,挤出管材尺寸精度较高,力学性能良好;从综合性能看,AZ31镁合金挤压产品的合适退火工艺为573 K × 2 h;此时管材的机械拉伸强度为260 MPa,伸长率为23%.