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量块的测量是长度计量的重要基础.文中的装置采用了高精度的633 nm碘稳频氦氖激光器和543 nm热稳频氦氖激光器各一台,分别将不同波长的激光光束入射到典型的迈克尔逊干涉仪中,使放置在测量光路中的量块与平晶研合在一起的组合体和参考镜进行干涉,利用CCD摄像机获取干涉图像,同时测量量块温度及空气折射率(或环境参数),一同输入计算机中进行处理计算得到测量结果.对于125~1000 mm量块的测量难点是保证温度要稳定、均匀、偏离20 ℃的范围要小.为此,设计了可高精度控温的仪器箱,可调节温度到17~23 ℃,温度变化率小于0.01 ℃/h,从而实现量块线膨胀系数的测量.该装置的量块长度测量不确定度达到U99 =0.02 μm+0.2×10-6 L,量块线膨胀系数测量的不确定度可达U99 =0.2×10-6 ℃-1. 相似文献
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高精度量块和线纹尺的长度测量,要求在20℃的情况下进行。如果不在20℃情况下测量,就要引入温度的修正量C、 C_2=α·Δt·L (1) 式中,α——被测物材料的热膨胀系数(μm/m℃); L——被测物受测部分的长度(m); Δt——测量时被测物的温度与20℃的偏差值(℃) 由(1)式可知,C_2的测量误差为: 相似文献
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用绝对光波干涉法测量一等精度的量块长度时,由于不可能保证测量时的温度条件恰好是标准温度20℃,因此,需要精密地测定量块的线膨胀系数,以便把在非标准温度状态下测得的量块长度修正为标准温度条件下的长度。大部分精密测量用的量块是用优质合金钢经过热处理制成的,其温度线膨胀系数在10~13×10~(-6)范围内,因此,如果不精确知道线膨胀系数,那么即使有良好的恒温条件,譬如环境温度能保持在20±0.1℃,由于膨胀系数用得不当,亦可能带来较大的测量误 相似文献
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介绍一种双光束激光干涉法高精度测量金属热膨胀性设备。利用高真空加热炉对被测样品进行加热、SIOS-SP120D激光干涉仪测量被测样品加热过程中的膨胀量,rbhS104调理板、A\D转换器放大采集高真空炉内温度信号。编写软件,在计算机上实时显示被测样品热膨胀量随温度的变化规律,实现实时精确测量。膨胀量测量精度达到1.24nm。制作纯铜样品对设备进行检验,检验结果与国家标准值相吻合。 相似文献
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分析了面心立方结构晶体铜线材的热膨胀系数随温度的变化关系。采用精密仪器DIL402PC热膨胀仪测定了铜的热膨胀系数,得到在100℃到380℃之间铜的热膨胀系数基本保持在2.0836×10-5/℃,比通常实验室条件下测得的结果稍大。温度大于380℃时,铜的热膨胀系数随温度呈线性增加。理论分析与实验测定的结果基本一致,说明应用此理论亦可以解释其它面心结构晶体的热膨胀系数。 相似文献
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A laser interferometric dilatometer has been developed for measuring the thermal expansion of high-temperature solids in the temperature range 1300 to 2000 K. The dilatometer consists of a double-path optical heterodyne interferometer, a spectral-band radiation thermometer, and a vacuum chamber with carbon-composite heaters. The performance of the dilatometer has been assessed on the basis of measurements of linear thermal expansion coefficients for glassy carbon. The relative standard deviation of the measured values from those calculated from the fitting polynomial is 0.63% over the temperature range investigated. The combined standard uncertainties in the measured values are estimated to be less than 1.3% over this range. The process of sample relocation predominantly affects the reproducibility of the experimental results. 相似文献
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针对恒温室控制精度低和分离式恒温箱因振动而无法满足微纳米三坐标测量机需要的问题,研制了一套自然对流式高精度恒温箱。用定制尺寸的中空亚克力板和轻便型超低导热系数真空绝热板制成绝热箱体。以仪器测量点温度作为温度控制反馈值,均匀位于恒温箱顶部的9个半导体制冷片对其周围空气进行制冷,箱内冷空气均匀向下流动,与向上流动的热空气进行热交换。采用LabVIEW与MATLAB混合编写高精度温控程序。实验结果表明:设定值为20 ℃时的稳态误差为0.003 2 ℃,稳态时温度波动小于0.03 ℃,优于一级恒温室。新型恒温箱具有成本低、能耗小和无振动干扰等优点。 相似文献
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等离子喷涂铈酸镧热障涂层 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用等离子喷涂铈酸镧(La2Ce2O7, LC)粉末制备了铈酸镧热障涂层(TBCs).由于等离子喷涂过程中CeO2的挥发量较多,造成涂层的实际成分为La2Ce1.66O4.32,与原始粉末成分相比有所偏离.在1400℃下经240h热处理后LC涂层发生轻微的分解.在1000℃下LC块材的热导率约为0.51W/(m·K),比传统的氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)块材的热导率降低了约75%.LC涂层的热膨胀系数(CTE)在450~1100℃范围内介于10×10-6~13×10-6K-1,与相应温度范围内的YSZ相比较高.热膨胀性能测量表明,LC涂层从室温升到1250℃时发生轻微的烧结,在1250℃保温过程发生明显的烧结现象.LC热障涂层在1100℃条件下经60次热循环后从陶瓷层内部发生剥落. 相似文献
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SiO2-CaO-B2O3-Al2O3微晶玻璃在平板式ITSOFC中密封性能的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
平板式中温固体氧化物燃料电池(ITSOFC)的密封材料在工作温度下,与其接触的电池材料应具备以下特性:(1)气密性;(2)尺寸稳定性;(3)热匹配性;(4)化学稳定性;(5)绝缘性.采用SiO2-CaO-B2O3-Al2O3系统微晶玻璃制备出一种适用于850℃的密封材料.该材料在850℃保证一定尺寸的前提下,能够与8YSZ电解质和Ni-Cr双极板紧密黏附,热膨胀系数8.9×10-6)/℃和8YSZ接近,电导率约为10-8S/cm有良好的电绝缘性能,在O2和H2气氛下保温100h没有气体泄漏,且密封后的黏附界面边界分明,元素扩散层厚度<10μm.实验证明该材料适用于ITSOFC 850℃密封. 相似文献
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以碳纤维增强环氧树脂作为基体材料, 设计并制备了一种轻质、环保的隔热涂层。为解决基体材料与涂层之间热膨胀系数差别大导致易于开裂的问题, 同时实现具有高反射率和低热导率的目标, 通过添加聚氨酯、TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3等填料制备连接层、阻隔层、反射层等三个不同功能层形成复合隔热涂层。通过优化涂层脱落时间、反射率、热导率等, 得到连接层、阻隔层、反射层最优厚度分别为80、120和90 μm。优化后的隔热涂层具有优异性能: 涂层的反射率高达0.95, 导热系数为0.048 W·m -1·K -1, 隔热温差为20.1 ℃; 耐热冲击性能良好, 190 ℃的最大失重率为3.7%, 并在随后保持稳定; 在160 ℃连续保温4 h后表面变黄, 但无明显脱落现象, 同时, 纳米填料颗粒保持原状态。 相似文献
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A method for measuring the coupled influences of temperature and moisture on the linear thermal expansion of porous materials is proposed. The method is based on length measurements using a comparator and on application of the superposition principle to the relative elongation due to temperature and moisture changes. The application of the proposed method is illustrated on the heat-insulating building material Dekalit P. Measured results show a significant influence of the rate of moistening and drying as well as the moistening method itself on the linear expansion. The differences in the linear moisture expansion coefficient caused by these effects can achieve several hundreds percent. The thermal expansion behavior of Dekalit P is found to be regular, the linear thermal expansion coefficient being constant in the temperature range of -30 to 180°C Generally, for Dekalit P, the influence of moisture on linear expansion is more important than the influence of temperature.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19 24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 相似文献
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A dilatometer measuring thermal expansion coefficient at low temperatures is introduced. The thermal expansion coefficient of phenolic foam, a widely used thermal insulation material, was measured in the temperature range of 77-293 K by the dilatometer. The results showed that the thermal expansion coefficient of phenolic foam was very low in the tested temperature range with an error of about ±7.3%. 相似文献
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Characterisation of Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Anisotropic Materials by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: Carbon fibre composites find wide applications in aerospace, sporting goods industry and biomedicine. Mechanical and thermal properties of such materials are highly anisotropic; therefore, adequate experimental measuring methods are requested to determine them. This paper describes the application of electronic speckle pattern interferometry to full-field, real-time characterisation of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of anisotropic materials. The topics such as correlation fringes tilt and influence of small rigid body rotation were theoretically described and experimentally verified. A series of measurements was carried out to determine the CTE tensor for unidirectional and bi-directional carbon fibre laminates and to prove the feasibility of the method. The measuring set-up developed includes a temperature control unit for cooling and heating and a one-dimensional in-plane speckle interferometer. 相似文献