箱形梁在水下近距非接触爆炸作用下的整体毁伤研究

为了研究舰船在水下近场爆炸作用下的整体毁伤模式,根据相似原则设计了两种箱形梁模型,将TNT炸药置于模型中部正下方爆炸,通过改变爆距和药量来研究试验模型在不同爆炸工况下的整体运动特性,并利用高速摄影仪观察模型的动态响应过程.试验研究发现:在梁模型一阶湿频率与气泡脉动频率相近的条件下,气泡脉动会激起结构明显的整体弯曲运动;当爆距与最大气泡半径之比为1～1.5时,梁结构会发生中垂破坏,形成一个或两个塑性绞;当爆距与最大气泡半径之比为2～4时,梁结构会发生鞭状运动响应;水下爆炸气泡对水面结构的整体毁伤作用大于初始冲击波。     

水下爆炸气泡载荷在加筋板塑性变形中的作用

水下爆炸产生的冲击波载荷和气泡载荷都会对水中结构产生毁伤作用。为研究水下爆炸气泡载荷在加筋板塑性变形挠度中所占的比例,利用通用有限元软件Abaqus/Explicit对加筋板模型在水下爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应进行了一系列数值仿真。载荷计算采用了Geers-Hunter模型,材料本构采用了Johnson-Cook模型,将部分计算工况与试验结果比较,两者吻合较好。通过分析计算结果可以看出在气泡载荷在加筋板塑性变形中的比重主要受爆距影响,爆距越小,所起的作用越大。所以,在水下近场爆炸计算中,气泡载荷引起的塑性变形不容忽视。     

水下爆炸作用下弹塑性船体梁整体运动模型及损伤特性

针对水下爆炸作用下舰船整体运动响应的理论预报问题,将船体结构简化为等截面直梁,以炸药在船体梁中部正下方爆炸工况为研究对象,将水下爆炸载荷压力曲线划分为5个典型阶段,建立了冲击波和气泡联合作用下船体梁整体运动的简化理论模型,分别研究了船体梁全弹性和弹塑性运动模式,特别分析了梁进入塑性运动后反复加载、卸载的响应过程,最后结合船体梁模型水下爆炸实验结果对该理论方法进行了验证,同时对比分析了爆距、梁长等参数变化对梁整体运动响应的一般影响特性。研究表明:所建立的水下爆炸作用下船体梁整体运动响应理论模型能够反映船体梁发生整体弹性和塑性运动时的响应特征;当水下爆炸近距发生于梁中部正下方,且爆炸气泡第一次脉动频率与梁一阶湿频率相近时,船体梁更容易发生整体中垂损伤。     

两装药水下爆炸毁伤目标振动信号时频分析

针对某水下目标抗水下爆炸试验数据,研究两装药水爆炸下冲击波的相互作用及气泡脉动的相互作用现象,分析非平稳结构响应信号时频特征,分别提取前爆冲击波、后爆冲击波及前爆气泡脉动三个不同时段信号进行能量与频率分析,并由此确定不同时段对目标毁伤的影响。结果表明,后爆冲击波能量最大,前爆冲击波与后爆冲击波均处于较宽频率范围,主要作用在780 Hz以上,前爆气泡脉动能量主要作用在100～400 Hz内。与结构自振频率频段重合,因此前爆气泡脉动作用不可忽视。     

边界条件对水下爆炸气泡运动特性的影响分析

在近距爆炸条件下,受到边界的影响,水下爆炸气泡会出现非球状运动情况。为了得到球状气泡假设的适用条件,对深水自由场、近自由液面、近刚性壁和弹性边界等不同边界条件下水下爆炸气泡的动态特性进行了仿真计算。通过对气泡最大半径和脉动周期仿真结果的对比分析,可以得到如下结论:当爆心距离边界约等于气泡最大半径时,自由表面会使气泡的最大半径略有减小,周期缩短,刚性壁的影响与之相反,弹性边界的影响介于二者之间;在近自由边界条件下爆距大于2倍气泡半径,近弹性结构和刚性壁边界条件下爆距大于3倍气泡半径时,水下爆炸气泡可近似认为球状脉动。     

浅水爆炸下高桩钢管柱表面作用荷载实验研究

通过不同炸药量、不同爆炸距离、不同起爆深度的水中爆炸模型实验,研究了浅水爆炸条件下高桩钢管柱表面压力特征和空间分布规律,分析了比例爆距对冲击波峰值及空间分布影响,给出了钢管柱表面冲击波反射系数、绕射系数和抗爆设计中实际作用冲击波的工程算法。研究结果表明:水中爆炸作用下,反射和绕射冲击波近似同时作用在钢管柱表面,峰值沿柱身高度方向非均匀分;冲击波受水面影响程度相对较小,二次气泡脉动受水面影响程度较大;反射和绕射冲击波峰值均随炸药量增加、作用距离减小而增加。比例爆距相同,反射冲击波峰值相同,但炸药量小、爆炸距离近的实验工况绕射冲击波峰值相对较小;钢管柱表面冲击波反射系数和绕射系数随比例爆距增加而减小。比例爆距≥1.71时,钢管柱实际作用冲击波峰值可近似按自由场冲击波峰值的1.37倍计算。     

近距空爆下复合抗爆舱壁变形破坏模式试验研究

为探讨反舰武器战斗部近爆对舰艇结构的毁伤效应,进行了铸装TNT炸药近距爆炸下复合抗爆舱壁结构的抗爆性能模型试验研究,分析了不同爆距条件下结构的变形及破坏模式,探讨了影响复合抗爆舱壁结构毁伤性能的因素。结果表明:近距空爆载荷作用下夹芯式复合抗爆舱壁前、后面板主要通过塑性变形和边界撕裂吸收冲击波能;爆距较远时前、后面板发生大变形和前面板的边界撕裂,随着爆距减小变形程度增加同时后面板产生边界撕裂,爆距较近时前面板产生冲塞破口;复合抗弹层对冲击波能量吸收作用不明显,对变形协调性能起到重要的作用,适当增加复合抗爆舱壁夹芯层尺寸和质量有利于其整体抗爆性能的提高。     

水下爆炸近距气泡作用下船体箱型梁损伤特性数值模拟方法研究

为了研究水下爆炸近距气泡作用下船体结构损伤特性的数值模拟方法,以某实船缩比试验模型——箱型梁为仿真对象,应用MSC-DYTRAN非线性瞬态有限元分析软件,建立了船体箱型梁在水下爆炸近距气泡作用下的仿真模型,欧拉水域中考虑静水压力场,采用开放式流场边界技术处理流场边界,应用自适应网格技术处理多材料多欧拉域,引入修正的冲击波压力场对冲击波作用阶段进行修正。对冲击因子为0.236的典型试验工况进行数值模拟,分析了箱型梁在近距气泡作用下的破坏机理,并将数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比,结果表明:船体结构与气泡相互作用规律、船体结构的破坏模式及典型部位的应变时程曲线与试验结果吻合良好,两者误差在25%以内,该方法为利用数值手段研究爆炸气泡对整船的毁伤特性提供了一个有效的解决途径。     

深孔台阶爆破近远区振动特征的试验研究

为了探索深孔台阶爆破在近区和远区的振动特征,以现场试验为基础,利用回归分析、随机分析及小波包分解技术,从爆破振动信号的衰减规律、三分量特征、随机特征及能量分布等方面对二者进行了对比研究,结果显示:振速三分量在近区的K、α值均大于远区,远区各分量的α值更为接近。振速三分量在远区的相关系数大于近区,且更接近1,三分量中垂向分量的相关系数最大。近区当比例距离小于5时,径向振速最大,比例距离大于等于5时,垂向振速最大。远区的垂向振速最大。无论在近区还是远区,切向振速一般最小。振速三分量在近区的变异系数大于远区,径向振速的变异系数在近区和远区较为接近。最大段药量或爆心距增加时,近区及远区的能量均向低频带流动,近区的移动速度更快,同时近区及远区能量分布的频带宽度也将趋于集中,近区的频带宽度更宽。     

砖墙抗爆炸冲击震动效应模型试验研究

为研究砖墙在爆炸冲击震动作用下的破坏模式及阈值,据工程内砖墙实际情况建立简化的底部固定、周边无约束砖墙模型,在模拟爆炸震动冲击试验台上进行三方向单独作用的冲击试验,研究砖墙模型的动态响应及破坏时加速度峰值、作用时间。结果表明,遭水平向冲击时模型均表现为水平通缝破坏。破坏主要由受拉而非剪切所致。通过对试验结果分析,获得三个冲击方向独立作用下的破坏阈值。     

水深和药量的变化对水下爆炸气泡射流的影响研究

假设水下爆炸气泡脉动阶段的流场是无旋、不可压缩的理想流体,运用势流理论导出气泡边界面运动的控制方程,应用气泡动力学模型,用时边界积分法求解得到气泡等边界的变形及位置,在气泡坍塌后运用环状数值模型模拟气泡的非球状回弹,并开发了相应的计算程序,计算结果与精确解吻合很好。运用该文开发的程序计算自由场中环状气泡的运动,计算了流场中滞后流的速度以及压力随时间的变化,并讨论了水深和药量的变化对水下爆炸气泡坍塌形成的射流速度以及气泡脉动周期的影响,得到一些有规律性的曲线,旨在为相关水下爆炸气泡动态特性研究提供参考。     

水底爆炸气泡脉动特性

为研究水底爆炸气泡脉动特性,采用PAMFLOW软件和基于JWL状态方程的气泡脉动计算程序对水底爆炸气泡脉动特性进行了数值计算,并用经验公式对自由水域爆炸气泡脉动特性进行了计算.计算结果表明水底爆炸在整个气泡运动过程中,气泡的中心向海底贴附,并形成指向海底的高速射流,气泡被压扁;水底爆炸的气泡膨胀半径大于在无限水域中爆炸;2种数值计算结果比较吻合,且与经验公式计算结果相符,说明采用这2种数值计算方法来研究水底爆炸气泡脉动特性合理.     

Some dynamical characteristics of a non-spherical bubble in proximity to a free surface

The motions of a gas bubble in proximity to a free surface with and without buoyancy force, as well as in shallow water are simulated based on a numerical time integration coupled with three-dimensional boundary integral spatial solution. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible, and the flow irrotational. The unsteady Bernoulli equation is applied on the free surface and bubble surface as one of the boundary conditions of the Laplace equation for the potential. Improvements have been made in the mesh generation of the free surface and rigid boundary, the modeling of the toroidal bubble after the jet impact and the investigation into the combined effects on the motion of a bubble in the presence of the rigid bottom and free surface. The growth and collapse of a gas bubble together with the formation of the toroidal bubble after the jet impact are simulated. The shapes and positions of the bubble, the trajectories and velocities of the poles of the bubble as well as the pressure distributions in the fluid under different standoff distances and buoyancy parameters are obtained to better illuminate the mechanism underlying the motions of gas bubble and free surface. When a bubble is initiated sufficiently close to a free surface, the free surface spike and the second accelerating phenomenon of the free surface during the collapse phase can be observed. The buoyancy force has significant effects on the jet formation and development within the bubble and it may reverse the direction of the liquid jet when exceeding the effect of the Bjerknes force induced by the free surface. The large contortions in the shallow water and the formation of the high-pressure region between the bubble and the free surface are captured when the bubble is close enough to the rigid bottom and the free surface.     

树脂流动对气泡运动特性的影响

为了排除复合材料成型过程中的气泡, 建立了气泡运动可视化装置, 研究了树脂流动状态和流动速度对气泡运动速度的影响, 并在此基础上建立了气泡运动模型。研究结果表明: 树脂流动对气泡运动有明显的带动或阻碍作用。当树脂流动方向与气泡运动方向相同时, 随着树脂流速的增加, 气泡的运动速度明显增大; 而流动方向相反时, 随着树脂流速的增加, 气泡的运动速度呈明显下降的趋势。所建立的气泡运动模型与实验结果基本吻合。该研究结果将为热压成型过程中气泡运动模型的建立奠定基础。      

A new junction design on a Permalloy corner pattern forion-implanted and Permalloy hybrid bubble memory devices

A junction has been developed for hybrid bubble memory devices using ion-implanted tracks for high density data storage and Permalloy tracks for write and read functions. An 18-μm diameter Permalloy corner pattern is used. Both the tapered ion-implanted edges and the operating bias field adjustment boundary at the junctions are located under the Permalloy corner pattern edges. Improved junction properties and analysis by visual inspection are reported. The bubble potentials and the phase of the rotating field, when a bubble reaches the junction boundary, were compared for the conventional and the corner-type junctions. Replicate gate performance for the corner-type junction was investigated. The replicate phase margin was greatly improved for the enlarged Permalloy corner pattern. The temperature dependences of the junction performance were measured between 0 and 80°C. In this temperature range, the margins of the junctions were improved, making them suitable for hybrid bubble memory devices     

熔融聚合物中气泡的运动分析与实验研究

文中求出了CO2气泡注入到熔融聚合物流场后的计算模型,利用熔体流变学理论与两相流理论对气泡的头部、尾部、速度进行分析,计算了气泡在聚合物熔体中的速度表达。结果表明,其头部速度Un,尾部速度Ut等不仅与熔体的性质、流场条件有关,同时还与此气泡在流道中位置、气泡内的压力变化等诸多因素有关。为此引入综合系数C以修正上述理论计算模型,通过一系列实验,得出影响CO2在熔融聚合物中运动的综合系数C,利用其对上述理论运动模型加以有效的实验修正,进一步得到符合实际的气泡在熔融聚合物流场中运动计算模型。     

Order structures and dislocations in bubble raft grain boundary

Bubble raft boundaries were examined to visualise atom configurations in the grain boundary of metals. The application of vibration to the bubble raft indicated that the boundary preferred ordered structures. Certain bubble configurations were repeated regularly along the boundary (long-range order boundary) or distributed irregularly (short-range order boundary). The orientation relationship of the former agreed with that of the coincidence-site lattice boundary, while the latter occurred only between densely packed rows of bubbles.Various order structures occurred for each coincidence orientation. The relative stability depended on the bubble size and the vibration. Perfect and imperfect dislocations were observed in the long-range order boundary. The Burgers vector of the former is determined completely from the lattice coincidence geometry, while the vector of the latter changed with the bubble size. The boundary dislocation usually retains a step in the boundary. Therefore, glide motion of the dislocation caused grain-boundary migration by an amount equal to the step height.Now at leave at University pf Surrey, England     

Shear stress induced by a gas bubble pulsating in an ultrasonic field near a wall

Some of the effects that therapeutic ultrasound has in medicine and biology may be associated with steady oscillations of gas bubbles in liquid, very close to tissue surface. The bubble oscillations induce on the surface steady shear stress attributed to microstreaming. A mathematical simulation of the problem for both free and capsulated bubbles, known as contrast agents, is presented here. The simulation is based on a solution of Laplace's equation for potential flow and existing models for microstreaming. The solution for potential flow was obtained numerically using a boundary integral method. The solution provides the evolution of the bubble shape, the distribution of the velocity potential on the surface, and the shear stress along the surface. The simulation shows that significant shear stresses develop on the surface when the bubble bounces near the tissue surface. In this case, pressure amplitude of 20 kPa generates maximal steady shear stress of several kilo Pascal. Substantial shear stress on the tissue surface takes place inside a circular zone with a radius about half of the bubble radius. The predicted shear stress is greater than stress that causes hemolysis in blood and several orders of magnitude greater than the physiological stress induced on the vessel wall by the flowing blood.     

Tunneling from electron bubbles beneath the surface of liquid helium

Schoepe and Rayfield have measured the lifetime for escape of electrons from bubbles beneath a liquid He surface. We compute using the tunneling Hamiltonian method of Bardeen. If accepted bubble parameters are assumed, is found to be approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than the measured value. Agreement with experiment can be obtained if the radius is taken to be 50% larger than currently believed. We consider the effects of diffuseness of the bubble boundary, diffuseness of the liquid-vapor interface, and polarizability of the bubble. A discrepancy remains which may be explicable in terms of surface deformation when the bubble is very close to the surface.     

近自由面水下爆炸气泡运动的数值计算研究

采用体积加速度模型确定水下爆炸气泡运动的初始条件,基于MSC.DYTRAN有限元软件开发了定义流场初始条件和边界条件的子程序,对近水面水下爆炸气泡脉动全物理过程和自由面水冢运动特性进行了数值模拟,将气泡脉动全过程和水冢运动高度的计算结果分别与实验结果、经验公式进行对比,验证有限元模型建立和子程序开发的正确性.以此为基础...