羌活挥发油成分分析

从羌活、宽叶羌活的根茎及根中提取了挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发油的化学成分,共鉴定了136个成分(羌活78个成分、宽叶羌活58个成分),用气相色谱法测定了挥发油各成分的相对百分含量,其鉴定率分别达到94.90％和91.41％。     

伞形科3个种5个居群的核型分析

对伞形科前胡属(PeucedanumL.)2个种以及羌活属(NotopterygiumH.Boiss.)1个种3个居群的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。研究表明,它们的染色体数目均为2n=22,核型公式可分别表示为长前胡:2n=2x=22=22 m(1 SAT),属1A型;松潘前胡:2n=2x=22=20 m 2 sm,属2A型;宽叶羌活的3个居群分别是:马边大风顶居群1为2n=2x=22=6 m 12 sm 4 st,属2A型;马边大风顶居群2为2n=2x=22=12 m 4 sm 6 st,属2B型;屏山老君山居群为2n=2x=22=4 m 14 sm 4 st,属2A型。其中长前胡和松潘前胡的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。     

山茶科系统发育诠释——Ⅲ.关于金花茶组及山茶属演化若干问题

作者通过比较认为山茶属金花茶组的模式和古茶组的模式不是同一分类单位,因而取消金花茶组是不恰当的。金花茶组是一个自然的集合体。作者详细地分析了山茶属内演化的四个阶段:第一阶段表现为苞被不分化、大型、宿存、子房5室、心皮部分分离;第二阶段演化出苞被宿存和苞被脱落两个类群,前者较为原始的代表是离蕊茶织和短蕊茶组,较为进化的代表是管蕊茶组;后者较为原始的代表是半宿萼茶组、瘤果茶组、糙果茶组,较为进化的代表是油茶组、短柱茶组、红山茶组;第三阶段是苞被分化为小苞片和萼片的类群,金花茶组和长柄茶组是较为原始而茶组、超长柄茶组则是较为进化的代表;第四阶段的连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组苞萼小型化且宿存,的代表,雌、雄蕊均高度连合,子房室不完全发育 它们只能由第三阶段具有多数小苞片的原始类群发展出来,认为把山茶属划分为四个亚属的系统是合理的。 作者还认为,花的颜色以及其他相似性状的集合是划分山茶属次级分类单位的重要依据;分类系统的自然性和实用性相结合是分类学家始终应该追随的目标,混淆不同差异的做法是不可取的。最后,作者认为山茶属没有真正的顶生花。     

菊科裸苑属的分类研究

裸菀属Miyamayomena Kitam.是北村四郎¹⁾(1937)从马兰属Kali-meris Cass.(Asteromaea B1.)分出的一个小属,隶属于菊科紫菀族Trib.Astereae Cass.紫菀亚族Asterinae O.Hoffm,本属发表时,曾取名为Gymnatser Kitam。主要以瘦果顶端具狭环状边缘而无冠毛,与具糙毛状或膜片状短冠毛的马兰属相区别。     

Nodal and leaf anatomy of Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae)

The nodal anatomy of Xanthophyllum is unilacunar with a single broad trace departing the cauline stele. The "stipular glands" or extra floral nectaries of some species are vascularized by bundles originating from the base of the leaf trace. Considerable variation exists among species in petiole vasculature with siphonosteles, steles with medullary bundles and simple, flat traces present. The lamina also shows variation in the presence or absence of a hypodermis, nature of vein sheathing, presence or absence of abaxial epidermal papillae, amount of intercellular spaces, and mature stomatal patterns which range from anisocytic and paracytic to those in which no subsidiary cells are discernible. Of nearly uniform occurrence throughout the genus are extraordinary tracheoid foliar idioblasts, which are confined to the veins in terminal or subterminal positions. The large amount of variation in leaf anatomy is shown to be taxonomically significant within the genus.     

中国梅花草属校订

本文研究了中国梅花草属的外部形态,结合地理分布和生境条件,对国产梅花草属植物的分类、演化和地理分布均进行了研究。作者以退化雄蕊的特征为分组的依据;以雄蕊花药药隔的变异为划分亚组的依据;以花瓣边缘不同和基生叶数目为分系依据。据此归纳为9组2亚组和9系。同时作者认为我国西南部山区是梅花草属植物现代分布和分化中心,也可能是起源中心。     

中国龙胆属植物研究(四)

龙胆属Gentiana (Tourn) L.是Tourneferot (1700)为纪念传说中的Illyria国王Gentius而建立的,对它作了描述,绘有墨线图。林奈在"植物属志"(1737),"植物种志"(1753)承认了该属,并重新进行了描述,记载23种。     

中国沙棘属种质资源及其生境类型的研究

沙棘属植物有7种11亚种,中国产7种7亚种,其中2种2亚种是近年发现的新分类群。因而,我国是沙棘属植物种质资源最丰富的地区,也是沙棘资源蕴藏量最大的地区。沙棘属植物广泛分布于我国西南、西北、华北等地的森林——草原(草甸)过渡地带;从垂直分布角度看,无皮组的种类主要分布于海拔3000m以下的中低海拔地区,有皮组的种类则集中分布于3000m以上的中高海拔地区。根据光照、温度、植被类型等因素其生境类型可分为温性乔木林型、温性灌丛型、寒温性灌丛型和高寒灌丛型4种类型。理塘沙棘、棱果沙棘和卧龙沙棘种群数量少,分布区域狭窄,资源十分有限,应加强驯化研究和迁地保护,并提出了合理开发利用沙棘属种质资源的几点建议。     

中国产瓦韦属植物叶柄与根状茎的比较解剖研究

详细观察了已发表的60种瓦韦属植物叶柄和根状茎的横切面。瓦韦属植物叶柄维管束条数最多7条,最少2条,其中2个较粗,其余较细,排成一字型、三角型、四角型、半轮型等。根状茎上的维管束条数最少5条,最多16条,属于网状中柱,维管束不规则环形排列,夏绿种类厚壁组织较少或没有,常绿种类厚壁组织较多。叶柄与根状茎的研究对瓦韦属组的划分和种的确立有重要的参考价值。参考这些特征,瓦韦属相应地划分成六个组,即:大叶瓦韦组、扭瓦韦组、瓦韦组、革质叶瓦韦组、纸质叶瓦韦组、网眼瓦韦组。一些种类相应地进行了合并。     

不同采收期栽培宽叶羌活挥发性成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同采收时间(5、6、7、8和9月)栽培宽叶羌活药材中的挥发油,测定其含量;通过GC-MS对挥发油成分进行了分析鉴定,并采用面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。实验结果表明,不同采收时间,栽培宽叶羌活挥发油含量存在差异,以8月份采收的药材挥发油含量最高;挥发油经GC-MS分析,共鉴定出39个化合物,有31种共有成分;对共有组分进行主成分分析显示,香桧烯、α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯、乙酸龙脑酯、α-红没药醇等15种成分可作为挥发油季节变化的特征组分。不同季节采集的羌活生药材,其挥发油含量和成分具有一定的差别,在一定程度上反映了其药用价值的微妙差异,可为羌活药材药理药用价值的进一步开发利用提供一定的参考。     

A Revision of the Genus Ligusticum (Umbelliferae) in China

Ligusticum is a highly specialized genus in the tribe Ammineae Koch of the subfamily Apioideae. It is transitional between the tribe Ammineae Koch and the tribe Peucedaneae DC., and shows a very close affinity to the genus Selinum. In the present paper, the taxonomic history is reviewed; the external morphology, pollen morphology and geographic distribution are analysed, and its evolutionary tendencies are discussed. In addition, a key to the 34 species is provided, and economic uses reported in the literature are summarized. Ligusticum consists of over 60 species widely distributed in Eurasia and North America; the genus is typically temperate. There are two principal distribution centers, one in the Himalayas, including the Hengduan Mountains of western China, and the other in North America. Thirty-four species occur in China, most of which are distributed in the alpine belt of south-western China, with only a few species occurring in northern China. They usually grow in alpine thicket meadows or in alpine meadows. Among them are 28 species endemic to China, 4 of which are described as new in the present paper, i. e. L.yuayuanense, L.litanense, L.filifolium, and L.yunnanense. L.elatum (Edgew.) C. B. Clarke, a species of India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and L. thomsonii C.B.Clarke var. evolutior C. B. Clarke, of India, Pakistan and Kashmir, are reported from China for the first time. Some species are important in traditional Chinese medicine, for example, L. sinense Oliv., L. sinense Oliv. cv. Chuanxiong, L. sinense Oliv. cv. Fuxiong, L. delavayi Franch., L. jeholense (Nakai et Kitagawa) Nakai et Kitagawa, L. tachiroei (Franch. et Sav.) Hiroe et Constance, etc. The genus Tilingia was established by Regel in 1858, based on Tilingia ajanensis. The chief characters of the genus are distinct calyx teeth and carpels bearing a solitary vitta in each furrow. However, these characters do not differentiate Tilingia from Ligusticum, so that Tilingia was transferred to Ligusticum by Kozo-Poljansky in 1916. Tilingia tachiroei (Franch. et Sav.) Kitagawa was transferred to Ligusticum by Hiroe et Constance in 1958. Shan et Sheh in “F1. Reip. Pop. Sin.” Tom. 55 supported the treatment by Kozo-Poljansky and Hiroe and Constance The genus Ligusticopsis was separated from Ligusticum by Leute in 1969, based on the prominent calyx teeth of the former. Ligusticopsis included 14 species, all confined to China. But this genus has not been accepted by any other botanists since its establishment. The subdivision of Ligusticum in this paper is based mainly on the characters of involucel bracteoles and mericarps, combined with the shape and aperture types of pollen grains. The genus is divided into the following two sections. Sect.1 Ligusticum, Bracteoles linear or lanceolate, entire; mericarps slightly lateral-compressed to slightly dorsal-compressed; vittae solitary to numerous in each furrow; leaf-segments ovate, lanceolate, or linear; pollen grains mainly rhomboidal or ellipsoidal; apertures gonitreme. Sect. 2 Pinnatibracteola Pu. Bracteoles 1-3-pinnatisect or 2-3-lobed at apex; mericarps dorsal-compressed; vittae usually numerous in each furrow; leaf-segments usually linear, rarely ovate or lanceolate; pollen grains rectangular, elongate-rhomboidal, or equatorially constricted; apertures mainly peritreme, rarely gonitreme or intermediate.     

青海省不同地区羌活脂溶性化学成分的研究

采用毛细管气相-质谱法对青海省不同地区羌活脂溶性化学成分进行分析和鉴定,共分离出80余个成分,鉴定了60个,并用面积归一法确定其相对含量。结果表明,其化学成分以亚油酸、水菖蒲酮、十六烷酸及3,5-豆甾二烯为主,不同地区间羌活脂溶性化学成分种类和含量均有明显的差异。     

Ranunculus uttaranchalensis (Ranunculaceae): a new species from Western Himalaya,India

A new species of the genus Ranunculus, R. uttaranchalensis, is described from Gangotri National Park, Uttaranchal in Western Himalaya, India. It is distinguished from the closely allied R. lobatus in having radical leaves sub‐cordate with hairy lamina base and petiole hairy above; cauline leaves sessile, 3–7 lobed with linear to narrowly lanceolate lobes; sepals usually reddish brown, externally hairy; petals rounded‐obovate and oblong, receptacle glabrous except 1–3 hairs at the top.     

On Distributional Features of the Genus Aconitum in Sino-Himalayan Flora

The geographical distribution of Aconitum in the Sino-Himalayan subregion is analysed in the present paper on the basis of taxonomy and relationship between the infrageneric taxa. Asaresult, some conclusions may be arrived as follows: 1. The Sino-Himalayan subregion is the frequency centre and the diversity centre of the genus. For analysis, the distribution area of the genus are assigned to three floristic regions, viz. 1) the East-Asian floristic region, consisting of the Sino-Himalayan subregion and SinoJapanese subregion, 2) the Euro-Siberian region and 3) the North-American region (Table 1). In the East-Asian floristic region, the Sino-Himalayan subregion comprises 3 subgenera, about 5 sections, about 13 series and nearly 180 species. However, the Sino-Japanese subregion has only 2 subgenera, 2 sections. 6 series and about 50 species. The Euro-Siberian region has 2 subgenera, 2 sections, about 9 series and nearly 70 species. The North-American region has 2 subgenera (one of the 2 subgenera has only 1 species), 1 section, 1-2 series and about 26 species. Obviously, the Sino-Himalayan subregion is the richest in taxa. 2. The Sino-Himalayan subregion is not only the preservation centre of the primitive groups and species, but also an actively differentiating region. Largely in the Sino-Himalayan subregion occurs primitive or more primitive tava in the genus, such as Sect. Fletcherum, Sect. Alatosperum and Sect. Sinaconitum, Ser. Tangutica and Ser. Brunnea etc.: A fletcherianum, A. novoluridum, A. chrysotricum, A. brevicalcaratum, A. polycarpus, A. nagarum, A. tanguti cum, A. hookeri, A. naviculare, A. violaceum, etc. On the other hand, the Sino-Himalayan subregion also has the most or relatively advanced taxa, represented by the annual monotypic subgenus Gymnaconitum, A. spiripetalum, A. hamatipetalum and A. bulbitiferum ect. About 50 infraspecific taxa occur in the subregion. For example, A. hemsleyanum has 8 varities, A. franchetii has varities and A. nagarum 1 varity and 2 forms, ect. 3. In the region under discussion the genus Aconitum shows remarkable endemism. The endemic taxa include 3 sections (Sect. Fletcherum, Sect. Alatosperum and Sect. Sina conitum), 3 series (Ser. Brevicalcarata, Ser. Crassiflora and Ser. Bullatifolia) and nearly 150 species, among which primitive and advanced ones are both present. 4. The pattern of geographical distribution of the genus Aconitum shows remarkable relationship between latitude and altitude. The majority of species of this genus prefer habi tats with a cool and more or less constantly moist climate. In the Sino-Japanese subregion, with a higher latitude, the genus has an altitude range of 500-1500 m, whereas in the Sino-Hima-layan subregion the range is 2900-5000 m. To sum up, the Sino-Himalayan subregion is the diversity centre, the frequency centre, the differentiation centre, the preservation centre of the primitive taxa and the centre of endemism of the genus Aconitum, and its development in this subregion has probably been accelerated by the lift of the Himalayas and the complicated environmental conditions.     

山茶科紫茎属和舟柄茶属的系统学研究

本文对山茶科紫茎属和舟柄茶属进行了深入细致的系统学研究,藉助形态学、古植物学、孢粉学,细胞学和解剖学资料澄清了两属的分合问题,证实两属在各方面具有较大相似性,并且各分类特征存在广泛的联系而无法分开,从而赞同H．K．Airy Shaw,J．R．Sealy及S．A.Spongberg的主张,即将这两属合并。在此基础上本文提出了世界范围广义紫茎属下分类系统。属下新系统根据花柱合生程度、花序类型,苞片与萼片的形状以及两者的相对长度等特征,分为两个亚属,五个组,同时对该属种类进行修订。该属共有23种5变种,本文发表新组1个,新名称2个,新组合9个,新异名10个,新种1个,并附有分种检索表。广义的紫茎属为东亚-北美间断分布类型,中国南部和西南部是该属的起源中心和高度分化中心。根据化石资料推断,该属起源于早白垩纪,在第三纪以前于整个劳亚古陆上呈广泛而连续的分布,后因冰川及造山运动的影响,从而形成现在的分布格局。     

论世界蒿属植物区系

本文从多学科, 包括形态、地理分布、孢粉、古植物、谱系分支分析及化学成分等学科的研究, 论述了世界蒿属植物的系统分类及其种属地理、历史地理和区系地理.     

Leaf anatomy of the subtribe Conceveibinae (Euphorbiaceae)

A comparative study of the leaf anatomy of the subtribe Conceveibinae was carried out. Leaves show a similar structural arrangement in all species, however, there are small variations among the taxa that allow definitions of species or groups. It is not possible to recognize infrageneric divisions or to maintain some genera as different from Conceveiba. The analysis included the study of 11 characters of taxonomic importance of the leaf: the form, the size and the apex of the papillae of the lower side of the blade, the number of layers of the palisade parenchyma, the presence or absence of the midrib pith, the number of vascular bundles of petiole as well as the central cylinder and the medulla, and the presence or absence of the sclerenchyma in the different levels of the petiole. The results are evaluated from a taxonomical point of view. With leaf anatomy characters only, it is possible to separate the genus Conceveiba in the subtribe.     

A study on pollen morphology of the genus Vitis L.

The pollen grains of 32 species, 1 subspecies and 4 varieties of Vitis and 1 species of Muscadinia were scanned with Hitachi S-800 scanning electron microscope and described in the present paper. In Vitis, the pollen morphology is found to be valuable for the identification of species, though it is of little significance in supraspecific classification and systematic consideration. The ornamentation of Vitis could be divided into four types: ( 1 ) The pollen grains are oblate or rarely spheroidal (P/E =0.97 ～ 1.08) in shape, with colpi wide enough to show dense granulae inside. The pollen grains of V. coignetiae Pull. Ex Planch. belong to this type. (2) The pollen grains are prolate to subprolate (P/E = 1.25 ～ 1.76 ), with sparse granulae within the colpi. This type includes l0 species, 1 subspecies and 3 varieties, such as V. hui Cheng etc. (3) The pollen grains of V. romanetii Roman du Caill. ex Planch. and V. davidii (Roman du Caill. ) Foex. var. ferruginea Merr. et Chun are prolate (P/E= 1.87 ～ 2.1), with colpi narrow and linear-shaped, but rhombic in the equational region. (4) The pollen grains are prolate or perprolate (P/E= 1.30 ～ 2. 0), with narrow and linear-shaped colpi. The species with this type of pollen grains are Muscadiniarotundifolia (Michx.) Small and 20 species of Vitis.