不同采收期栽培宽叶羌活挥发性成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同采收时间(5、6、7、8和9月)栽培宽叶羌活药材中的挥发油,测定其含量;通过GC-MS对挥发油成分进行了分析鉴定,并采用面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。实验结果表明,不同采收时间,栽培宽叶羌活挥发油含量存在差异,以8月份采收的药材挥发油含量最高;挥发油经GC-MS分析,共鉴定出39个化合物,有31种共有成分;对共有组分进行主成分分析显示,香桧烯、α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯、乙酸龙脑酯、α-红没药醇等15种成分可作为挥发油季节变化的特征组分。不同季节采集的羌活生药材,其挥发油含量和成分具有一定的差别,在一定程度上反映了其药用价值的微妙差异,可为羌活药材药理药用价值的进一步开发利用提供一定的参考。     

羌活与宽叶羌活的群体遗传结构和种间分化研究

为了合理利用羌活和宽叶羌活的药用植物资源,同时保护其物种多样性,该研究利用SSR分子标记技术对羌活与宽叶羌活邻域及异域分布的23个自然种群,共计227个个体进行多样性和种间分化研究。结果显示:(1)两个物种具有中等水平的遗传多样性;羌活的平均等位基因数(N_a)、有效等位基因数(N_e)和期望杂合度(H_e)分别为2.603、1.777和0.313,均高于宽叶羌活(分别为2.200、1.641和0.308)。(2)分子方差分析表明,两个物种的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,羌活和宽叶羌活群体间分化系数分别为0.181和0.191。(3)Structure聚类分析和主坐标分析(PCoA)将所有取样个体分为两大遗传组分,分别对应于羌活和宽叶羌活两个物种,二者间存在着有限的基因交流。研究表明,羌活与宽叶羌活物种间存在较高程度的遗传分化,并且遗传变异主要源自群体内,应各自划分为不同的地理单元进行多样性保护。     

青海省不同地区羌活脂溶性化学成分的研究

采用毛细管气相-质谱法对青海省不同地区羌活脂溶性化学成分进行分析和鉴定,共分离出80余个成分,鉴定了60个,并用面积归一法确定其相对含量。结果表明,其化学成分以亚油酸、水菖蒲酮、十六烷酸及3,5-豆甾二烯为主,不同地区间羌活脂溶性化学成分种类和含量均有明显的差异。     

连翘挥发油成分分析

从连翘果实中提取了挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析其挥发油的化学成分,鉴定出β-蒎烯、香桧烯、α-蒎烯等56个化合物,并用气相色谱测定了挥发油中各成分的相对含量,其鉴定率达93.37％。     

椿叶花椒叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,研究了用水蒸气蒸馏法提取的椿叶花椒叶挥发油的化学成分。结果表明:鉴定出33种成分,占挥发油总离子流色谱峰面积的99.99%。椿叶花椒叶挥发油的主要成分为2-壬酮,芳樟醇,β-水芹烯。     

蒙椴树叶挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对蒙椴树叶挥发油进行提取,挥发油回收率约为0.6%(w);用气相色谱—质谱联用技术对挥发性成分进行分析,鉴定了45个化合物,占挥发油成分的80.35%以上。其中主要有己醇,己烯醇,贝壳杉烯和苯甲酸等     

濒危植物宽叶羌活天然居群cpDNA非编码区多态性分析

采用叶绿体DNA非编码区直接测序的方法,对青海、甘肃、四川3个省区内濒危植物宽叶羌活14个天然居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了研究,以明确其遗传背景,为宽叶羌活的保护提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)14个居群138个个体的序列长度介于509~515bp;碱基组成A+T含量较高(平均67.6%)。(2)根据序列的核苷酸变异共鉴定出31个单倍型,其中9种单倍型(H5、H1、H9、H10、H16、H17、H19、H20、H22)为居群所共享,而且单倍型H5分布最广、在10个群体的67个个体中检测到,占总样品数的48.56%。(3)14个居群宽叶羌活具有高水平单倍型多样性(Hd=0.750 3)和较高水平核苷酸多样性(Pi=0.007 11),但31个单倍型没有按地理分布形成明显的族群,各地理单元中的单倍型相互混杂,没有明显的地理分化模式。(4)AMOVA分析、居群间分化度(FST=0.602 4)分析和基因流(Nm=0.330)分析的结果一致,表明宽叶羌活大部分遗传变异(60.24%)发生在居群间,居群间的基因流较低,群体间变异是宽叶羌活的主要变异来源。(5)14个居群的遗传距离在0.000~0.007,平均为0.003,表明居群间的亲缘关系较远,且居群间的遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关关系(P=0.143),说明宽叶羌活居群遗传变异的分布没有明显的地理趋势。研究认为,宽叶羌活居群间高的遗传变异可能是由基因流受阻、遗传漂变、地理隔离造成的,并提出了对该物种遗传多样性的保护策略。     

宽叶羌活不同部位有效成分的分布特征

采用HPLC-DAD法测定了青海省门源县和乐都县产宽叶羌活不同部位(根、茎、叶片、叶柄和种子)中绿原酸、阿魏酸、紫花前胡苷、补骨脂素、香柑内酯、欧前胡素、羌活醇和异欧前胡素的含量,探究有效成分在不同部位中的分布特征。结果表明,门源产宽叶羌活不同部位中活性成分总含量由高到低依次为根(52.812 mg·g-1)>种子(10.870 mg·g-1)>叶柄(6.607 mg·g-1)>茎(5.909 mg·g-1)>叶片(5.051 mg·g-1),乐都产宽叶羌活不同部位中活性成分总含量由高到低依次为根(80.104 mg·g-1)>种子(17.761 mg·g-1)>叶片(4.542mg·g-1)>叶柄(3.801 mg·g-1)>茎(3.632 mg·g-1),根部活性成分总含量均明显高于其他部位,与传统上以其根茎及根入药相符。地上部分各部位中,种子中活性成分总含量最高,羌活醇和异欧前胡素的含量之和也达到药典要求。紫花前胡苷、异欧前胡素主要富集于根部,绿原酸在全草中广泛分布,其他成分在全草中含量均较低。     

小黄皮叶挥发油的化学成分

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小黄皮叶挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油进行了分析,分离出40个峰,鉴定了其中的37种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的99.87%,其主要化学成分为单萜及倍半萜类化合物。     

栉叶蒿挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的:分析栉叶蒿挥发油化学成分.方法:用GC-MS结合Kovats保留指数(KI)对比法对其化学成分进行鉴定,并用气相色谱面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量.结果:共鉴定了38个成分,占挥发油总含量的62.22%.结论:通过对栉叶蒿挥发油的分析,其主要成分为大香叶烯D(7.34%),α-桉叶醇(5.65%),丁香烯环氧物(5.12%)等,为充分开发利用这一植物资源提供依据.     

A reclassification of Notopterygium Boissieu (Umbelliferae)

The genus Notopterygium is endemic to China. The plants of this genus are important traditional Chinese medicine. When established by H. de Boissieu in 1903, Notopterygium included only two species, i.e.N. franchetii and N. forbesii. Within nearly a century, five more specific names had been added to this genus, i.e.N. forrestii H. Wolff, N. oviforme Shan, N. incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang, N. pinnatiinvolucellatum Pu et Y. P. Wang, N. tenuifolium Sheh et Pu. Based on field ervation and examination of herbarium specimens, all the taxa in this genus were taxonomically reviewed and their nomenclature was carefully checked. N. oviforme was treated as a subspecies under N. forbesii. We agree with Chang He-Tseng in reducing N. franchetii to N.forbesii as a synonym. As a result, five species, one of which contains a subspecies, are recognized. Based on the morphology of involucel bractlets as well as their relevant characters, Notopterygium is divided into two sections.Sect. 1. Notopterygium Basal and proximal cauline leaves 2-ternate to 2 ～3-ternate-pinnate, ultimate divisions broadovate or ovate-lanceolate; involucel bractlets linear, entire, vascular bundles of petiole approximately equal in size. This section contains two species and one subspecies.Sect. 2. Tenuifolium Pu, sect. nov.Basal and proximal cauline leaves 2 ～3-ternate-pinnate, ultimate divisions ranceolate,ovate-lanceolate or linear; involucel bractlets linear, entire or oblanceolate, 2 ∽ 3-fid or pinnate at the apex; vascular bundles of petiole unequal in size. This section centains three species.     

Notes on the Genus Osmanthus Lour. in China

In the present paper a new species, Osmanthus gracilinervis Chia ex R. L. Lu, is described from Guangxi. The new species is also distributed in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and Sichuan. Based on the analysis of a great deal of specimens, eight species, i.e. Osmanthus corymbosus H. W. Li, O. longispermus H. T. Chang, O. angustifolius H. T. Chang, O. triandrus H. T. Chang, O. longicarpus H. T. Chang, O. omeiensis Fang ex H. T. Chang, O. nanchuanensis H. T. Chang and 0. cylindricus H. T. Chang, are reduced as the synonyms of O. marginatus (Champ. ex Benth.) Hemsl. var. marginatus. O. longissimus H. T. Chang and O. pachyphyllus H. T. Chang are respectively reduced to varieties of O. marginatus, i.e.O. marginatus var. longissimus (H.T. Chang) R. L. Lu and var. pachyphyllus (H. T.Chang) R. L. Lu. And finally O. maximus H. T. Chang is treated in this paper as a synonym of O. matsumuranus Hayata.     

Differentiation in a rat PC12 cell line induced by ostruthin and (-)-bornyl ferulate, constituents of a Chinese herbal medicine.

A search for neuritogenic compounds in Chinese herbs resulted in the isolation of two known substances, ostruthin and (-)-bornyl ferulate, from Notopterygium incisum (and/or N. forbesii). Both compounds induced comparable neurite-like structures in 20% of rat PC12 cells at 2 micrograms/ml, and showed cytotoxicity at concentrations higher than 3 micrograms/ml.     

假地枫皮的订正

作者查阅了全国42个标本馆所收藏的403号假地枫皮Illicium jiadifengpi B.N.Chang标本, 确认该种植物为中国特有, 分布于安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东和广西。将百山祖八角I.jiadifengpi B.N.Changvar.baishanense B.N.Chang et S.H.Ou归并到假地枫皮;将闽皖八角I.minwanense B.N.Changet S.D.Zheng作为假地枫皮的一个变型--紫花八角I.jiadifengpi B.N.Changf.minwanense(B.N.ChangetS.D.Zhang)Q.Lin, 将武夷八角I.wuyishanum Q.Lin归并到紫花八角中。     

Potential distribution of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang and its predicted responses to climate change based on a comprehensive habitat suitability model

Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang is a rare and endangered traditional Chinese medicinal plant. In this research, we built a comprehensive habitat suitability (CHS) model to analyze the potential suitable habitat distribution of this species in the present and future in China. First, using nine different algorithms, we built an ensemble model to explore the possible impacts of climate change on the habitat distribution of this species. Then, based on this model, we built a CHS model to further identify the distribution characteristics of N. incisum‐suitable habitats in three time periods (current, 2050s, and 2070s) while considering the effects of soil and vegetation conditions. The results indicated that the current suitable habitat for N. incisum covers approximately 83.76 × 10³ km², and these locations were concentrated in the Tibet Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, and Sichuan Province. In the future, the areas of suitable habitat for N. incisum would significantly decrease and would be 69.53 × 10³ km² and 60.21 × 10³ km² in the 2050s and 2070s, respectively. However, the area of marginally suitable habitat would remain relatively stable. This study provides a more reliable and comprehensive method for modelling the current and future distributions of N. incisum, and it provides valuable insights for highlighting priority areas for medicinal plant conservation and resource utilization.     

In vitro propagation of an endemic and endangered medicinal plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Notopterygium incisum</Emphasis>

An efficient system in vitro propagation for Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang, an endemic and endangered medicinal plant, was established to address increased demand and germplasm conservation goals. Optimum response in callus induction (CI) was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.2 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), which the induction rate and growth of callus were 84.44% and 0.67 g respectively. The highest shoot regeneration frequency (76.97%) and maximum number of shoots (3.6 shoots per callus) were achieved on MS medium with 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was determined to be the best rooting medium, resulting in the maximum number of roots (18.6 roots per shoot) and the highest rooting frequency (92.28%). An approximate 83.8% survival rate among the regenerated plantlets was recorded after they were transplanted in the field at an altitude of 3200 m. An HPLC analysis showed that the content of two main chemical constituents, notopterol and isoimperatorin, in the rhizomes of 3-year-old regenerated plantlets was higher (3.84 mg/g and 4.05 mg/g, respectively) than that in commercially marketed crude drugs. This first report of complete regeneration in vitro could provide an alternative method for the rapid, large-scale production and conservation of this valuable, rare, and endangered medicinal plant.     

Notes on the Genus Elaeocarpus Linn. from China

The Chinese Elaeocarpus Linn. is revised. Here reported are those taxa with different treatment in “Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. “, Tomus 49 (1), including one new species and one new variety: Elaeocarpus limitaneioides Y. Tang and E. glabripetalus var. grandifructus Y. Tang, Four species and two varieties are reduced: E. boreali-yunnanensis H. T. Chang is reduced to E. lacunosus Wall. ex Kurz; E. floribundioides H. T. Chang to E. austro-yunnanensis Hu; E. fengjieensis P. C. Tuan to E. duclouxii Gagnep .; E. kwangsiensis H .T. Chang to E. glabripetalus var. alatus(Knuth) H. T. Chang; E. glabripetalus var. teres H. T. Chang to E. glabripetalus var. glabripetalus ; E. prunifolioides var. rectinervis H. T. Chang to E. prunifolioides Hu. It is found that three species, E. rugosus Roxb., E. sikkimensis Mast. and E. decandrus Merr., were wrongly determined as E. apiculatus Mast., E. fleuryi Gagnep. and E. chinensis Hook. f., respectively. In the paper also reported are some provincial new records. The infrageneric systems are discussed briefly and the Masters’ system isfollowed with some modifications.