Sectional multipoint forming technology for large-size sheet metal

Based on the flexibility of multipoint forming, a work piece can be formed in a way section by section, which is named sectional multipoint forming (SMPF) here. With this technique, large-size parts of sheet metal can be manufactured on a small MPF press. In this article, basic principles and deformation characteristics of SMPF are discussed and three typical forming methods are summarized. Partial severe plastic deformation has become the main defect needed to be and wrinkle and dimple have new features in the SMPF process. Numerical simulation is an effective way to predict forming defects. Optimized design of the assortative region can suppress forming defects and improve forming efficiency. Some application examples improved the feasibility of SMPF technology .     

多点成形压力机及成形工艺的最新进展

多点成形技术是金属板材三维曲面成形的新技术 ,与传统的整体模具板材成形工艺相比 ,多点成形压力机有许多优点 ,可以实现三维板类件既经济又快速的柔性成形。本文介绍了多点成形压力机系列规格参数、设备构成原理及其成形工艺。重点论述了几个现有的多点成形压力机的技术参数、调形方式的重大改进及多点成形技术应用领域的不断扩大。     

Principles and apparatus of multi-point forming for sheet metal

As a flexible forming method for sheet metal part, multi-point forming (MPF) technology is discussed in the paper. It employs two reconfigurable element groups to approximate the continuous upper and lower solid dies. With the technique, rapid fabrication of 3D sheet metal part is realized. The principles of multi-point die forming (MPDF) and multi-point press forming (MPPF) are described and then the rules to determine the size of the element are given. For any spatial shape surface to be formed, all elements’ height can be calculated through the contacting point calculation equation. On the computer control, the shape of the two element groups can be adjusted by serial adjusting mode or parallel adjusting mode. MPDF apparatus that includes CAD software, computer control system, two element groups, hydraulic press and laser CMM is developed. Following the given MPF procedure, 3D sheet metal part was formed without failure. Due to the rapid change characteristics of the two element groups, several special MPF forming techniques that are impossible in conventional sheet forming have been investigated in detail. By flexible blank holder technique, thin sheet MPDF is realized. With sectional MPF, large size sheet would be formed on small scale MPF apparatus. Through closed loop MPF, spring-back would be compensated cycle by cycle, and large deformation part is obtained with incremental MPDF successfully.     

Improvement of formability for the incremental sheet metal forming process

In order to obtain competitiveness in the field of industrial manufacture, a reduction in the development period for the small batch manufacture of products is required. In order to meet these requirements, an incremental sheet metal forming process has been developed. In this process, a small local region of a sheet blank deforms incrementally by moving a hemispherical head tool over an arbitrary surface. In this work, an incremental sheet metal forming process controlled three dimensionally by a computer has been accomplished. It has been shown by the experiments that a sheet blank is mainly subject to shear-dominant deformation. Therefore, the final thickness strain can be predicted. The uniformity of thickness throughout the deformed region is one of the key factors to improve the formability in the sheet metal forming processes. Using the predicted thickness strain distribution, the intermediate geometry is decided in the manner that a shear deformation is restrained in the highly shear-deformed region and vice versa. This double-pass forming method is found to be very effective so that the thickness strain distribution of a final shape can be made more uniform.     

分段多点成形过程有限元数值模拟关键技术研究

分段多点成形是一种新的大型板材成形方法，对该成形过程进行数值模拟是预测成形缺陷、分析成形质量的有效手段。提出利用动力显式算法分析板料成形过程，利用静力隐式算法分析回弹过程，从而为分段多点成形过程的多工步数值模拟提供了一个可行的解决方案。对其中的一些关键技术的实现进行了研究，提出了相应的解决方法并通过实例证实了其有效性。     

板材成形回弹数值分析的静力隐式方法

给出了板材成形加载过程，卸载过程数值模拟的静力隐式有限元方法，通过平衡迭代求解有限元方程，并采用隐式算法进行应力积分及接触压力计算，这种方法应力计算准确，因而回弹计算结果具有较高的精度，数值计算表明，纯弹性板大变形卸载后能够完全恢复到原始形状，说明该方法对几何非线性问题的分析是非常准确的，最后对板材柱面、球面成形的回弹进行了分析。     

DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF SHEET METAL SINGLE-POINT INCREMENTAL FORMING BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD SIMULATION

Single-point incremental forming （SPIF） is an innovational sheet metal forming method without dedicated dies, which belongs to rapid prototyping technology. In generalizing the SPIF of sheet metal, the deformation analysis on forming process becomes an important and useful method for the planning of shell products, the choice of material, the design of the forming process and the planning of the forming tool. Using solid brick elements, the finite element method（FEM） model of truncated pyramid was established. Based on the theory of anisotropy and assumed strain formulation, the SPIF processes with different parameters were simulated. The resulted comparison between the simulations and the experiments shows that the FEM model is feasible and effective. Then, according to the simulated forming process, the deformation pattern of SPIF can be summarized as the combination of plane-stretching deformation and bending deformation. And the study about the process parameters＇ impact on deformation shows that the process parameter of interlayer spacing is a dominant factor on the deformation. Decreasing interlayer spacing, the strain of one step decreases and the formability of blank will be improved. With bigger interlayer spacing, the plastic deformation zone increases and the forming force will be bigger.     

大型板材离散多点成形工艺及装备研究

针对大型板材的冲压成形问题,提出了一种离散多点成形工艺。介绍了此工艺中模具及柔性杆的结构。与已有的多点成形工艺——杆系柔性成形和活络方形压头非对压技术相比,离散多点成形工艺在大型板材成形过程中有其自身的优势。     

[成形质量的闭环与自适应控制技术]具有开放几何特征钣金件渐进成形的回弹控制与补偿

实现了具有开放几何特征钣金件的渐进成形。提出采用工艺参数优化、多道次渐进成形和轨迹补偿等方法提高钣金件的几何精度。设计了多道次渐进成形方法的中间构型,目的在于增大材料塑性变形并减小几何偏差。采用层切法轮廓轨迹形成两道次成形中第一道次的构型,为了防止第一道次成形时出现破裂,将非固定方向的成形角度设定为75°,第二道次将非固定方向的板料完全成形。采用基于几何补偿的两道次渐进成形方法可以将开放几何特征钣金件的几何偏差控制在0.5 mm左右。     

板材多点成形不同工艺方法的数值模拟研究

介绍了板材多点成形不同工艺方法的优缺点,基于有限元方法就多点成形不同工艺对压痕、超皱、回弹以及制品成形精度的影响进行了数值模拟研究,并且对不同厚度板条多点成形模拟结果进行了实验验证。结果表明,与多点模具成形、半多点模具成形和半多点压机成形方式相比,多点压机成形能够有效地抑制压痕和皱纹的产生,并得到变形均匀的制品;反复成开法可有效减小回弹,提高成形精度;边部优先成形法能够有效地抑制制品的直边效应。     

Experimental evaluation of coating delamination in vinyl-coated metal forming

In this paper, a new evaluation and prediction method for coating delamination during sheet metal forming is presented. On the basis of the forming limit diagram (FLD), the current study evaluates the delamination of PET coating by using a cross-cut specimen, dome test, and rectangular-cup drawing test. Dome test specimens were subjected to biaxial, plane strain, and uniaxial deformation modes. Rectangular cup-drawing test specimens were subjected to the deep-drawing deformation mode, and compression deformation mode. A vinyl-coated metal (VCM) sheet consists of three layers of polymer on the sheet metals: a protective film, a PET layer and a PVC layer. The areas with coating delamination were identified, and the results of the evaluation were plotted according to major and minor strain values, depicting coating delamination. The constructed delamination limit diagram (DLD) can be used to determine the forming limit of VCM during the complex press-forming process. ARGUS (GOM) was employed to identify the strain value and deformation mode of the delaminated surface after the press forming. After identifying the areas of delamination, the DLD of the PET coating can be constructed in a format similar to that of the FLD. The forming limit of the VCM sheet can be evaluated using the superimposition of the delamination limit strain of the coating onto the FLD of VCM sheet. The experimental results showed that the proposed test method will support the sheet metal forming process design for VCM sheets. The assessment method presented in this study can be used to determine the delamination limit strain under plastic deformation of other polymer coated metals. The experimental results suggested that the proposed testing method is effective in evaluating delamination for specific applications.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR LASER BENDING OF SHEET METAL

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基于塑性流动本构关系的多步反向模拟法

传统板料成形反向模拟法的本构关系是建立在塑性形变理论的基础上,无法考虑变形历史的影响.提出一种新型有效的多步反向模拟法,采用弹塑性材料模型提高计算精度:引入DKT12薄壳单元考虑类似模具圆角处的弯曲一反弯曲效应等应变历史的影响.提出一种基于塑性流动理论的本构方程,可以快速准确地处理弹/塑性变形及加载/卸载状况,提高了应...     

Formability analysis on the process of multi-point forming for titanium alloy retiary sheet

The multi-point forming (MPF) process of spherical surface parts of titanium alloy retiary sheet and titanium alloy sheet metal with different thickness and curvature radius was simulated by an explicit finite element software. Contradistinctive analysis between retiary sheet and sheet metal forming parts with different modes were done. The simulation results show that under the same forming conditions, titanium alloy retiary sheet is not easy to wrinkle and springback, whereas it is easy to form. The reason for differences in the formability of above-mentioned sheet metal is also analyzed. A non-wrinkling limited graph and a fracture critical graph for spherical surface parts of retiary metal sheet and metal sheet were obtained. Finally a forming test of titanium alloy cranial prosthesis was done in MPF press. Testing results indicate the customized 3D curved surface of prosthesis can be adequately shaped and the forming quality was guaranteed.     

板料成形极限应力图及其应用研究进展

简要介绍了板料成形极限判据的可靠性对于板料成形质量预测与控制的重要性;分析了传统的基于应变的成形极限(成形极限应变图)判据所存在的只适于在线性加载板料塑性成形中应用的缺陷;介绍了基于应力的成形极限判据(成形极限应力图)的应用前景;综述了国内外成形极限应力图的研究进展,并指出了目前成形极限应力图研究所面临的主要问题.     

刀具路径对单点渐进成形的影响

在单点渐进成形技术中,刀具路径是加工时刀具在空间中的运动轨迹。本文使用有限元分析软件ANSYS／LS—DYNA模拟了刀具路径对渐进成形过程的影响。模拟结果表明：当刀具四点压下时,模拟的轮廓曲线对称性最好,底面上凸的幅度较小;同时,板材的最大等效应变和主要变形区节点的塑性应变较小,板材连续逐层变形能力较好。     

板料数控柔性成形工艺在新品开发中的应用研究

板料柔性成形是基于产品的数字化信息,由产品的三维CAD模型直接驱动,通过高度可调的基本体构成包络面,实现三维曲面零件成形的技术。典型的板料柔性成形方法是增量成形与多点成形。增量成形通过一个成形工具头沿x、y轴方向的运动及z轴方向的进给,逐层形成零件的三维包络面,从而实现板料的渐进成形;多点成形的核心是规则排列的基本体阵列,通过控制基本体z方向的位置坐标使其构成所需包络面,进行板料快速成形。介绍了以数控多点柔性成形新工艺进行新产品开发试制的应用。     

板材软模成形二维断面有限元分析界面接触摩擦处理

板材软模成形是板材和柔性传力介质耦合变形过程,存在板材和刚性模具及板材和柔性传力介质两种类型的界面接触。采用罚函数法计算接触力,推导了Mindlin轴对称壳单元和实体单元两种不同单元类型之间接触摩擦的有限元列式。采用静力显式的时间积分方法,通过控制载荷步长保持接触状态稳定。粘弹塑性软模材料的板材变形数值算例表明该算法是有效的。该算法也适用于其他类型软模材料的板材变形接触摩擦问题的处理。     

SIMULATION OF ROLL-FORMING PROCESSES OF WELDED PIPE

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电磁力作用下平板变形的实验研究

通过平板件的电磁无底凹模成形、有底凹模成形的实验研究，发现不同形式的压边圈可以导致不同的工件变形高度。有底凹模成形时，在设备能量足以使工件变形达到凹模底部的情况下，工件的最大变形高度小于凹模深度，并且电压越大，工件的变形高度越小，而且在较大电压的情况下，工件底部还会出现反向变形。对实验现象进行了分析，认为不同形式的压边圈，板料所受径向拉深力不同，导致不同的工件变形高度；板料受撞击产生的反向运动是导致工件最大变形高度小于凹模深度的主要原因。