2017年成都地区孕妇孕早中期红肉摄入及其对妊娠期糖尿病影响的前瞻性研究

目的了解成都地区孕妇孕早、中期红肉摄入现状,探讨孕早、中期红肉摄入量对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的影响。方法采用前瞻性研究,于2017年2—7月通过立意抽样方法选取成都市某三甲妇幼医疗机构产前门诊孕8~14周单胎健康孕妇为研究对象,于纳入时通过问卷调查收集孕妇的年龄、孕前体重、孕次等基本信息。采用3天24小时膳食回顾法分别于纳入时、孕24~28周收集孕妇孕早、中期摄入的所有食物种类及数量,计算平均每日肉类、红肉摄入量及其来源构成。于孕24~28周行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验,根据《中国妊娠合并糖尿病诊治指南(2014)》诊断GDM。将红肉摄入量按三分位法分为低、中、高三个水平组,以低水平组为参照,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析孕早、中期红肉摄入与GDM的关系。结果最终纳入有效样本985例。孕妇孕早期和孕中期肉类总摄入量分别为70.7和102.9 g/d,红肉平均摄入量分别为52.0和74.6 g/d,红肉占肉类总摄入量的比例分别为73.6%和72.5%。控制年龄、孕前体质指数、糖尿病家族史及能量摄入量等混杂因素后,多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示:孕中期红肉摄入高水平组(>86 g/d)较低水平组(<44 g/d)GDM发生风险增加(OR=1.499,95%CI 1.028~2.185);未观察到孕早期红肉摄入量对GDM发生风险有影响(OR=1.029,95%CI 0.716~1.481)。结论成都地区孕妇孕中期红肉摄入较多,孕中期红肉摄入大于86 g/d可能增加GDM的发生风险。     

2017年成都某医院孕妇钙摄入水平及来源

目的 调查评价成都地区各孕期孕妇钙摄入水平及来源。方法 利用成都孕妇队列数据，以成都市2017年某三甲妇幼医疗机构产前门诊孕8～14周健康单胎孕妇为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集孕妇基本信息及各孕期近1个月内钙补充剂使用情况，采用3天24小时膳食回顾法收集孕妇各孕期膳食信息，依据《中国食物成分表(2018)》计算膳食钙摄入量和不同食物钙贡献率，将膳食钙和补充剂钙摄入量累加获得总钙摄入量。参照《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013)》评价钙摄入。结果 最终纳入有效样本孕早期1653例，孕中期1024例，孕晚期1017例。孕早、中、晚期总钙摄入量中位数分别为523.3、1280.5和1491.3 mg/d;总钙摄入量充足率分别为16.3%、63.2%和67.1%,总钙不足率分别为69.0%、15.7%和11.2%,总钙过量率分别为0.2%、9.1%和14.4%。孕早、中、晚期膳食钙摄入量中位数分别为453.0、613.0和723.0 mg/d;膳食钙充足率分别为7.1%、9.7%和16.2%,膳食钙不足率分别为82.0%、75.0%和62.6%。各孕期膳食钙主要来源均为奶类、蔬菜类、谷薯类，...     

孕期膳食铁及维生素A摄入水平对低出生体质量儿的影响研究

目的探讨不同孕期膳食铁及维生素A日均摄入水平对低出生体质量儿发生风险的影响,并分析其交互效应。方法选取2017年1月至2018年6月在某省级三甲医疗机构建卡就诊并在本院分娩的孕妇为研究对象,采用24 h膳食回顾法分别在孕早、孕中、孕晚期对孕妇进行膳食调查并随访至胎儿分娩。以多因素logistics回归模型分析不同孕期膳食维生素A与铁摄入量对低出生体质量儿发生风险的影响,用相乘模型分析其交互作用。结果 8 469例单胎孕妇中,分娩低出生体质量儿531例(6.27%),分娩巨大体质量儿583例(6.88%)。分娩低出生体质量儿孕妇孕期膳食维生素A及铁日均摄入量在孕早期(t=2.76、2.84,P=0.003、0.002)、孕中期(t=3.26、2.08,P=0.01、0.019)、孕晚期(t=3.12、3.13,P0.01)均低于分娩正常体质量儿孕妇摄入量。在控制相关混杂因素后,经多因素logistic回归分析显示,孕晚期膳食维生素A摄入水平低于EAR的孕妇分娩低出生体质量儿的风险增加12%(OR=1.12, 95%CI:1.01～1.28),孕早、孕中、孕晚期膳食铁摄入量低于EAR的孕妇分娩低出生体质量儿的风险分别增加36%(OR=1.36, 95%CI:1.09～1.70)、18%(OR=1.18, 95%CI:1.05～1.33)、22%(OR=1.22, 95%CI:1.07～1.39);交互作用分析显示,孕期膳食维生素A与铁摄入量不足对低出生体质量儿的发生风险存在相乘的交互作用(OR_(孕早)=1.28, 95%CI:1.04～1.57;OR_(孕中)=1.15, 95%CI:1.06～1.25;OR_(孕晚)=1.15, 95%CI:1.05～1.28)。结论孕期膳食维生素A及铁摄入量低于RNI将增加低出生体质量儿的发生风险,故孕期适量增加维生素A及铁摄入可降低LBW的出生。     

孕妇不同孕期膳食营养状况及其与孕期增重的关系研究

目的分析深圳市孕妇的膳食营养状况及其与孕期增重的关系。方法以孕12 w以内健康初产妇为研究对象,前瞻性追踪调查孕期膳食情况、体质量变化等资料,获得421份有效问卷进行分析。结果本调查孕妇孕早、晚期的能量和蛋白质未达到推荐摄入量,孕期平均脂肪供能比超过推荐范围上限,孕早、中、晚期的硫胺素、核黄素、钙、铁、硒、镁、膳食纤维均未达到推荐摄入量。孕期增重与能量、产能营养素、B族维生素、钙等摄入有关,孕早期每增加1g/d的蛋白质摄入,发生孕期增重不足的风险降低2.5%,孕早期能量摄入不足的孕妇发生孕期增重不足的风险是摄入充足孕妇的2.5倍。结论本调查孕妇膳食能量和产能营养素摄入不合理,硫胺素、核黄素等微量营养素未达到推荐摄入水平,孕早期的蛋白质摄入水平降低或能量摄入不足可显著增加孕期增重不足的发生风险,应加强孕妇孕期的营养健康教育,改善不合理的饮食习惯。     

膳食胆固醇摄入对妊娠期糖尿病的影响

目的 研究妊娠期妇女孕前1年、孕早期、孕中期膳食胆固醇摄入对妊娠期糖尿病的影响。方法 收集2012年3月至2016年9月在山西医科大学第一医院产科住院分娩孕妇的一般人口学特征、妊娠期糖尿病诊断结果及膳食胆固醇摄入情况,根据对照组孕妇不同时期胆固醇摄入的P₂₅、P₅₀、P₇₅将其分为4组。采用非条件logistic回归分析孕前1年、孕早期、孕中期膳食胆固醇摄入量与妊娠期糖尿病的关系,及不同年龄段孕妇膳食胆固醇摄入对妊娠期糖尿病发生的影响。结果 共纳入研究对象9 005人,其中妊娠期糖尿病1 388例。多因素分析结果显示,孕前1年胆固醇摄入量≥ 76.50 mg/d且孕中期摄入量为≥ 46.75 mg/d的孕妇患GDM的风险增加。按年龄分层后,年龄<35岁孕妇的孕前1年和孕中期胆固醇摄入量≥ 76.50 mg/d是妊娠期糖尿病的危险因素（分别为OR=1.336,95%CI：1.083~1.647;OR=1.341,95%CI：1.087~1.654）,孕妇年龄≥ 35岁组未发现膳食胆固醇摄入与妊娠期糖尿病发生有关。结论 妊娠期妇女孕前1年及孕中期膳食胆固醇摄入高均会增加妊娠期糖尿病的发生风险。     

西南地区孕妇膳食蛋白摄入与妊娠期糖尿病发生风险的前瞻性研究

目的探讨孕前期、孕早期、孕中期累积平均膳食蛋白摄入情况与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的关系。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法,选取2 579名22~43岁于2014年在四川省和贵州省5所妇幼保健院定期产前检查的孕妇。使用食物频率问卷收集孕妇孕前期(孕前1年)、孕早期(孕0~11+6周)及孕中期(孕12+0~23+6周)的膳食情况;于孕24~28周时进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)筛查,判定孕妇是否患有GDM。采用多因素Logistic回归分析膳食蛋白摄入情况与GDM的关系。结果总蛋白及植物蛋白供能比五分位数最高组GDM发病风险是最低组的2.51、3.03倍,OR值(95%CI)分别为2.51(1.50~4.28)、3.03(1.84~5.09)。蛋类、奶类的蛋白质供能比五分位数最高组GDM发病风险是最低组的1.82、2.46倍,OR值(95%CI)分别为1.82(1.10~3.05),2.46(1.51~4.05)。结论孕前期、孕早期、孕中期的膳食中较高的总蛋白质、植物蛋白质的摄入量可能与增加GDM的发生风险有关,尤其是较高的蛋类、奶类摄入量可能会增加GDM的发生风险。     

妊娠妇女能量及宏量营养素摄入状况与孕中期血脂水平的关系

目的 初步分析妊娠妇女孕早、中期的膳食能量及宏量营养素摄入状况与其孕中期血脂的关系。 方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选取235名于2014年春夏在四川大学华西第二医院定期产前检查的孕妇。使用24小时膳食回顾法收集孕妇孕早期(孕14周前)和孕中期(孕14~23+6周)的膳食信息。采集孕中期(孕24~27+6周)血样检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)4项血脂水平。采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验从多个角度比较不同能量及宏量营养素摄入水平的孕妇间血脂水平的差异。 结果 孕早期和孕早中期能量及总蛋白质摄入量较高者,其孕中期LDL-C水平均较高(P<0.05);孕早期和孕早中期动物蛋白摄入量与LDL-C水平呈正相关关系(P<0.05);不同孕期碳水化合物和脂肪的摄入量与孕中期TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平均未发现统计学相关(P>0.05)。 结论 孕早期和孕早中期膳食能量、总蛋白质及动物蛋白摄入量较高者,其孕中期血脂(LDL-C)水平较高,但能量及宏量营养素与孕期血脂的关系还有待进一步研究。     

孕前及孕期叶酸摄入与早产的相关性研究

目的探讨孕前及孕期叶酸摄入与早产的相关性,为早产干预措施及策略的制定提供科学依据。方法以2011年1月-2012年12月在该院建卡并随访到分娩结局的6 631例孕妇为研究对象,用Logistic回归模型分析孕前及孕期叶酸补充和膳食叶酸摄入与早产的相关性。结果在控制潜在的混杂因素后,与未服用叶酸补充剂的孕妇相比,在孕前及整个孕期服用叶酸补充剂超过3个月是早产的保护因素(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.77~0.95);按早产等级分层后,类似的保护作用仅对早期与极早期早产(<32孕周)有效;按早产亚型分层后,在孕前及整个孕期服用叶酸补充剂超过3个月的孕妇发生不伴胎膜早破的自发性早产的可能性降低17%(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.70~0.97);孕期膳食中叶酸摄入量较低(<156.58μg/d),孕妇分娩早产儿的危险性增加39%(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.15~1.69)。结论孕前及孕期叶酸摄入不足增加早产的发生风险,因此孕前及孕期适量服用叶酸补充剂以及增加膳食中叶酸的摄入量能有效降低早产的发生风险。     

孕妇能量与巨大儿发生关系研究

目的了解哈尔滨市孕妇不同孕期能量摄入及体重增加与巨大儿发生的关系。方法采用队列研究方法,从孕早期开始监测整个孕期体重的动态变化,分别在孕早、中、晚三期进行连续3天24小时膳食回顾调查。收集妊娠结局及新生儿体格检查资料,分析巨大儿发生的危险因素。结果孕妇孕中期体重增加高,孕早期、中期能量及蛋白质的摄入量高于相应孕期营养素推荐摄入量(RNI),孕晚期低于相应孕期RNI(均P<0.05),但三大供能营养素各个孕期供能比例符合推荐比例。孕前体重指数(BMI)、分娩孕周、孕中期的能量摄入及孕中期增重与巨大儿的发生密切相关。结论进一步加强对孕妇的营养教育,定期监测孕妇体重增长情况是保障良好妊娠结局的重要措施。     

膳食铁摄入与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探究孕妇膳食铁摄入与妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)发生的关系。方法采用1∶1配对病例对照研究,在青岛大学附属医院进行产检的孕妇中,选取GDM患者和健康孕妇各211例。通过面对面访谈式问卷调查法获得孕妇的基本信息、生活方式和膳食数据信息。采用logistic回归分析膳食铁摄入与GDM之间的关系。结果单因素分析显示,病例组与对照组非血红素铁摄入量分别为(17.08±5.08)mg/d和(15.82±4.16)mg/d,总铁摄入量分别为(21.55±5.64)mg/d和(20.38±4.94)mg/d,病例组非血红素铁和总铁的摄入量均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。在校正可能影响GDM的人口及社会经济因素、健康行为因素、能量和碳水化合物摄入量等膳食因素后,得出总铁摄入是GDM发生的危险因素(P0.001)。结论膳食总铁摄入与GDM的发生呈正相关。     

Self-Reported DHA Supplementation during Pregnancy and Its Association with Obesity or Gestational Diabetes in Relation to DHA Concentration in Cord and Maternal Plasma: Results from NELA,a Prospective Mother-Offspring Cohort

Maternal supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy has been recommended due to its role in infant development, but its effect on materno-fetal DHA status is not well established. We evaluated the associations between DHA supplementation in pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal and neonatal DHA status. Serum fatty acids (FA) were analyzed in 641 pregnant women (24 weeks of gestation) and in 345 venous and 166 arterial cord blood samples of participants of the NELA cohort. Obese women (n = 47) presented lower DHA in serum than those lean (n = 397) or overweight (n = 116) before pregnancy. Linoleic acid in arterial cord was elevated in obese women, which indicates lower fetal retention. Maternal DHA supplementation (200 mg/d) during pregnancy was associated with enhanced maternal and fetal DHA levels regardless of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), although higher arterial DHA in overweight women indicated an attenuated response. Maternal DHA supplementation was not associated with cord venous DHA in neonates of mothers with GDM. The cord arteriovenous difference was similar for DHA between GDM and controls. In conclusion, maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy enhanced fetal DHA status regardless of the pre-pregnancy BMI while GDM may reduce the effect of DHA supplementation in newborns.     

Effect of time of initiation and dose of prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation on iron and folate nutriture of Korean women during pregnancy

BACKGROUND: In Korea, it is customary to prescribe iron and folic acid supplements to pregnant women after the 20th wk of gestation; however, little evidence exists to support this practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of time of initiation and dose of prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation on the iron and folate nutriture of Korean women during pregnancy. DESIGN: A total of 131 pregnant women were placed into 1 of 5 experimental groups, either the control group or 1 of 4 supplemented groups. The supplemented groups varied by time of initiation, which was either during the first trimester or at week 20 of gestation, and by dose of iron and folic acid supplements provided, which consisted of either 30 mg Fe plus 175 microg folic acid or 60 mg Fe plus 350 microg folic acid. All supplemented groups continued supplementation until delivery. RESULTS: Improvements in iron and folate nutriture were highly dependent on when the supplement program was initiated, but both supplement doses were equally effective. In contrast, the influence of folic acid supplementation on maternal folate status was not as pronounced as was the influence of iron supplementation on iron status. CONCLUSION: In pregnant Korean women, initiating iron and folic acid supplementation earlier during pregnancy may prevent the deterioration of iron and folate nutriture more than does increasing supplement doses in later stages of pregnancy.     

Response of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and serum transferrin receptor during iron supplementation in pregnancy: a prospective study

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of iron supplementation on biochemical indicators of iron status, namely hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), during pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in 73 pregnant women who received daily supplements of 60 mg of iron and 500 microg of folic acid for 100 d from 19 wk of gestation. The indicators of iron status (Hb, SF, and sTfR) at 19, 27, and 35 wk of gestation were analyzed. The response of iron status indicators to iron supplementation was assessed in the cohort and in pregnant women who were anemic (n = 35) and non-anemic (n = 38) at 19 wk. RESULTS: All three indicators of iron status during supplementation (27 and 35 wk) were similar to the presupplementation status. The sTfR as an indicator correlated negatively with presupplementation Hb levels (r = -0.417). Based on sTfR level in iron-adequate pregnant women, a cutoff value of at least 12.0 mg/L was derived to define iron deficiency in pregnancy. When the response was tested in anemic pregnant women, iron supplementation improved mean Hb (P < 0.05) at the end of 35 wk (96 +/- 8.8 to 110 +/- 20.2 g/L) of gestation, with no change in SF. Conversely, non-anemic pregnant women showed a significant increase in SF and a decrease in Hb (122 +/- 11.6 to 112 +/- 15.2 g/L) at 35 wk of gestation. A significant effect of iron intake on sTfR was seen only among iron-deficient anemic women. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that, during pregnancy, sTfR responds to iron supplementation when there is iron-deficiency anemia and therefore can be used as an indicator.     

Effect of high-dose iron supplements on fractional zinc absorption and status in pregnant women

BACKGROUND: Women have an increased risk of iron deficiency during pregnancy because of the demands of the developing fetus. Iron supplements are commonly advocated as a prophylactic treatment and are generally taken with meals to reduce side effects, but iron can interfere with the absorption of zinc. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the effect of consuming an iron supplement (100 mg Fe/d as ferrous gluconate) with meals from 16 wk gestation to term on zinc status and absorption. DESIGN: Stable-isotope techniques were used to measure zinc status (exchangeable zinc pool, EZP) and fractional zinc absorption (FZA) in early and late pregnancy from a meal consumed at a different time from that of iron supplement or placebo consumption in 6 women given iron supplements and 7 given a placebo. RESULTS: FZA increased during pregnancy, independent of iron supplementation. FZA was significantly higher (P < 0.001) at week 34 than at weeks 16 and 24, and urinary zinc excretion was higher at week 34 than at week 16 (P = 0.02). The size of the EZP remained unchanged throughout pregnancy and was unaffected by iron supplementation. The iron status of iron-supplemented women was higher than that of the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: In iron-replete pregnant women who consumed a Western diet, no detectable adverse effects on zinc metabolism were observed after ingestion of 100 mg Fe/d. An increase in the efficiency of zinc absorption was observed during late pregnancy.     

Influence of prenatal iron and zinc supplements on supplemental iron absorption, red blood cell iron incorporation, and iron status in pregnant Peruvian women

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 60% of pregnant women worldwide are anemic. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the influence of iron status on iron absorption during pregnancy by measuring supplemental iron absorption, red blood cell iron incorporation, and iron status in pregnant women. DESIGN: Subjects were 45 pregnant Peruvian women (33+/-1 wk gestation), of whom 28 received daily prenatal supplements containing 60 mg Fe and 250 microg folate without (Fe group, n = 14) or with (Fe+Zn group, n = 14) 15 mg Zn, which were were consumed from week 10 to 24 of gestation until delivery. The remaining 17 women (control) received no prenatal supplementation. Iron status indicators and isotopes were measured in maternal blood collected 2 wk postdosing with oral (57Fe) and intravenous (58Fe) stable iron isotopes. RESULTS: Maternal serum ferritin and folate concentrations were significantly influenced by supplementation (P < 0.05). Serum iron was also significantly higher in the Fe than in the Fe+Zn (P < 0.03) or control (P < 0.001) groups. However, the supplemented groups had significantly lower serum zinc concentrations than the control group (8.4+/-2.3 and 10.9+/-1.8 micromol/L, respectively, P < 0.01). Although percentage iron absorption was inversely related to maternal serum ferritin concentrations (P = 0.036), this effect was limited and percentage iron absorption did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Because absorption of nonheme iron was not substantially greater in pregnant women with depleted iron reserves, prenatal iron supplementation is important for meeting iron requirements during pregnancy.     

Iron,Oxidative Stress and Gestational Diabetes

Both iron deficiency and hyperglycemia are highly prevalent globally for pregnant women. Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy to control iron deficiency. The purposes of the review are to assess the oxidative effects of iron supplementation and the potential relationship between iron nutrition and gestational diabetes. High doses of iron (~relative to 60 mg or more daily for adult humans) can induce lipid peroxidation in vitro and in animal studies. Pharmaceutical doses of iron supplements (e.g., 10× RDA or more for oral supplements or direct iron supplementation via injection or addition to the cell culture medium) for a short or long duration will induce DNA damage. Higher heme-iron intake or iron status measured by various biomarkers, especially serum ferritin, might contribute to greater risk of gestational diabetes, which may be mediated by iron oxidative stress though lipid oxidation and/or DNA damage. However, information is lacking about the effect of low dose iron supplementation (≤60 mg daily) on lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and gestational diabetes. Randomized trials of low-dose iron supplementation (≤60 mg daily) for pregnant women are warranted to test the relationship between iron oxidative stress and insulin resistance/gestational diabetes, especially for iron-replete women.     

孕期微量元素钙铁值测定结果临床分析

目的:了解孕妇在不同孕期微量元素的变化规律,及时合理为孕妇补充微量元素提供依据。方法:将750名孕妇按周期分为早孕(<16周)、中孕(16～28周)、晚孕(>28周)三个实验组,252名未孕体检妇女为对照组,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测孕妇及对照组妇女微量元素的含量,比较实验组及对照组微量元素钙、铁的值。结果:随着孕周的增加缺乏铁的孕妇比例升高,钙元素早孕组缺乏的比例最高。结论:孕妇应定期检测,在医生的指导下早期应注意钙元素的补充,中孕期应加强铁元素的补充。     

孕早期膳食模式与妊娠期糖尿病的关联研究

目的 探讨孕早期不同膳食模式与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发生风险的关系以及在不同营养补充剂使用情况下二者的关联。方法 采用前瞻性出生队列研究设计。纳入2018年1月至2021年9月在西南地区15所妇幼保健院建卡的7 546名孕妇作为研究对象。收集研究对象社会人口学信息、膳食记录信息、营养补充剂使用情况以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)数据。采用主成分分析法提取膳食模式,并利用logistic回归模型探索孕早期膳食模式与GDM发生风险间的关系。结果 本研究提取了3种膳食模式,发现“综合型膳食模式”(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.41～0.78)和“高植物蛋白型膳食模式”(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.50～0.85)与GDM发生风险降低有关,而“高动物蛋白型膳食模式”(OR=2.90,95%CI:2.11～4.01)与GDM发生风险增加有关。在不同孕早期营养补充剂使用情况下,高动物蛋白型膳食模式与GDM的发病风险均显著相关。结论 孕早期的膳食模式对GDM的发生产生影响。无论在孕早期是否使用营养补充剂,高动物蛋白型膳食模式均提高GDM的发病风险。应加强对孕妇的营养教育,指导其选择健康的食物...     

母亲孕期铁营养与子代先天性心脏病关系的病例对照研究

  目的  探讨母亲孕期铁营养与子代先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)的关系。  方法  数据来源于陕西省2014年1月―2016年12月开展的CHD病例对照研究,对纳入孕妇进行膳食营养问卷调查。采用条件logistic回归分析模型分析母亲孕期铁营养与子代CHD及其各亚型的关系,并进行亚组分析探索其稳定性。  结果  在调整了混杂因素后,母亲孕期增补铁剂降低了子代CHD的发生风险(< 30 d:OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.37~0.79;≥30 d:OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.16~0.38),孕期膳食铁摄入量较高(≥29 mg/d)降低了子代CHD的发生风险(OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.54~0.88),亚组分析结果显示,母亲孕期铁营养和子代CHD的关系稳定。此外,母亲孕期增补铁剂≥30 d子代在室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect, VSD)、房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect, ASD)、动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus, PDA)、法洛四联症(tetralogy of fallot, TOF)上发生风险均降低,增补铁剂 < 30 d子代在ASD发生风险降低,孕期膳食铁摄入量较高(≥29 mg/d)子代在VSD、PDA发生风险均降低。  结论  母亲孕期铁营养水平升高降低了子代CHD的发生风险,孕妇孕期应注意机体铁营养的摄入和补充,促进母婴健康。