基于离散时间系统的地面等待策略模型研究

分析并改善了一种降落容量受限的地面等待策略(GDP)模型和算法。与传统的模型不同，该模型采用了离散事件系统分析方法来分析空中交通流量管理问题。仿真结果表明，与传统的基于线性规划的GDP模型相比，新模型不但有效地解决了决策时间的连续性问题，提高了优化时间的精度，而且也显著地降低了算法的复杂度。     

多机场地面等待策略数学模型的研究

为有效地解决空中交通拥挤问题,研究了空中交通流量管理方法中的地面等待策略。通过地面等待来调节空中交通网络的流量,减少延误时间,从而减少经济损失,提高机场和空域资源的利用率。在空中交通流量管理的各种方法中,地面等待策略是一种比较有效的方法。针对多机场地面等待问题,提出一种以地面等待成本和延迟成本为目标函数的方法,并建立相应的数学模型,为实际的流量管理提供理论方法和依据。通过对机场数据的仿真计算,证明了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

多机场地面等待策略的建模与仿真

针对我国空中交通流量管理中出现的大规模航班延误情况，根据多个机场实际起飞和降落容量的约束，建立了一种考虑航班取消的多机场地面等待策略数学模型，并提出求解该模型的有效算法。在所提模型与算法的基础上，选择我国三大机场实际数据进行仿真。对比了取消航班与不取消航班两种情况结果，仿真结果验证了模型与方法的有效性与实用性，给出了最优排序的航班时刻表，从而支持了关键航班的运行，减少了航班总延误。     

基于灰色神经网络的空中交通流量预测方法

空中交通流量预测是空中交通管理领域的研究热点。针对空中交通流量的复杂性、非线性和不确定性,提出一种基于灰色神经网络算法进近空域内的空中交通流量预测方法。将灰色系统与人工神经网络相结合构成的灰色神经网络预测模型,优于单一的灰色预测方法和人工神经网络预测方法。     

基于模糊控制的进场飞机排序

针对日益增长的空中交通需求所带来的严重航班延误,利用模糊控制理论设计对终端区进场飞机的调度排序算法。把管制员调度航班考虑的主要因素作为输入,制定模糊规则,建立模糊控制器,输出比较合理的飞机排定着陆顺序。     

基于复杂网络的空中交通流量控制系统设计

针对传统流量控制系统很难适应交通流量变化的问题,本文基于复杂网络设计出一种空中交通流量控制系统.首先模拟机场的节点、边以及边权等数据构建出空中交通流量控制复杂模型,利用迭代算法求解出具体取值范围,随后依据空中交通流量控制复杂模型构建基于Agent技术的流量控制系统,并且将其划分成为中央流量管理中心、区域流量管理中心以及三级流量管理中心,并给出不同阶段系统管理结构以及工作方式.经仿真实验结果验证,所设计系统能够实现对空中交通流量的有效控制,具有较高适用性.     

空中交通流量管理方法初探

空中交通管理是为解决空中交通拥挤而进行的系统化管理,文中介绍了空中交通流量管理的基本概念,并进行了流量管理方法的初探,同时提出了改善流量拥挤现状的环境和合理化建议。     

基于管制员认知负荷和改进蚁群算法的扇区动态通行能力评估

针对现有动态通行能力的评估未考虑管制员认知负荷的不足,为了提高空中交通流量管理的准确性,构建了基于管制员认知负荷和改进蚁群算法的扇区动态通行能力评估模型。首先,构建了刻画扇区动态影响因素的动态飞行受限区模型,为了满足空中交通流量管理对速度的要求,改进了蚁群算法实现扇区动态管制引导路径规划;然后,提出了管制引导负荷强度的概念,扩展了管制员认知总负荷的概念,并将其应用于扇区动态通行能力评估模型的构建;最后,以三亚管制扇区为例,以15 min为间隔对未来2 h内9个时刻的扇区动态通行能力进行评估。实例验证结果表明所提评估模型计算得到的通行能力结果与实际运行结果相差1个架次,效果理想。     

机场调度算法的性能分析与研究

针对空中交通堵塞造成的资源浪费问题,提出了几种机场流量管理中地面调度算法。结合机场流量的实际状况,通过理论分析与仿真相结合,对比研究了几种调度算法的性能,并获得了一组有参考意义的数据,对机场实际调度策略具有较高的价值。     

空中交通协同流量管理模式分析

经济的飞速发展,使人们在舒适度上升的同时,增强了对生活效率的要求。我国交通运输业由基础的铁路、公路等运输,不断向空中运输倾斜,越来越多的航班增加,使得空域资源变得越发紧张。建设我国空中交通协同流量管理系统已是必然趋势,空中交通协同流量管理模式,能实现空域的有效利用,也是发展航空运输业的必然要求。本文根据我国航空运输现状分析,阐述了空中交通协同流量管理的意义,并进行具体模式分析,以期对今后的流量管理工作提供信息参考。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.