分布于聚苯乙烯基体相的纳米SiO_2粒子对聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯共混物相粗化的影响

研究了纳米SiO_2粒子选择性分布在聚苯乙烯(PS)基体相时对退火过程中聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯(PS/PP)共混物的形貌粗化行为的影响。结果表明,当纳米SiO_2粒子分散在共混物的PS基体时,可显著抑制共混物的形貌粗化过程,且抑制效果比纳米SiO_2粒子分布在共混物的分散相中时更强;纳米SiO_2粒子分散在PS基体相中时,不会抑制分散相PP分子链的运动,但分散相PP液滴回缩时需要带动PS基体发生形变,PS基体中的粒子网络会大大增加这一过程的阻力,从而抑制PP液滴的回缩;同时,基体中的纳米SiO_2粒子使PP液滴的合并过程变得非常困难。     

HIPS/PPO/PS/PB-g-PS共混物的力学性能与形态结构

采用乳液接枝聚合技术在粒径300nm的聚丁二烯(PB)乳胶粒子上接枝苯乙烯(St),制备了核壳比(PB与PS的质量比)为70/30的PB-g-PS接枝共聚物。将其与高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)、聚苯醚(PPO)和聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂进行熔融共混制得了一系列HIPS/PPO/PS/PB-g-PS共混物,研究了PPO/PS的组成对共混物力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果发现,在HIPS/PPO/PS共混体系中引入PB-g-PS后,HIPS中的大粒径橡胶粒子(2μm~4μm)和PB-g-PS小粒径橡胶粒子(300 nm)具有良好的协同增韧作用;随着基体中PPO含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均呈上升趋势;当PPO/PS质量比在25/75~50/50范围内3时,共混物冲击强度出现突变式增大,由300 J/m提高至600 J/m。形态结构研究结果表明,随着基体中PPO含量增加,PB-g-PS弹性体粒子在基体中的分散程度获得明显改善;当PPO质量分数低于10%时,主要为银纹屈服形变;当PPO质量分数高于20%时,主要为剪切屈服形变。     

酚醛树脂增容聚甲醛／丁腈橡胶共混物的亚微相态与增韧机理研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）考察了热塑性酚醛树脂（Novolak）增容聚甲醛（POM）/丁腈橡胶（NBR）共混物的亚微相态。通过对共混物的TEM及经刻蚀后脆性断裂面的SEM观察发现,对于POM/NBR共混物,NBR在基体中呈现不规则的“海-岛”结构,由于两相不相容导致分散相NBR在基体中的分散性很差。对于POM/NBR/Novolak共混物,在NBR含量为30%时,共混物仍然呈现“海-岛”结构,但NBR在基体中的分散性有所提高;当NBR含量为40%时,NBR在基体中呈现带状网络结构相态,文中提出了Novolak增容POM/NBR共混物的增韧机制,即高含量的NBR通过Novolak的增容作用,在POM中基体形成互锁的带状网络结构;当材料受到外力冲击时,这种橡胶网络带给够终止受到外力作用而在基体中产生的银纹和剪切屈服,增加了共混物的破裂能,从而使共混物的韧性得到显著提高。     

增容剂SB对LDPE／PS共混物分散相尺寸的影响

用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了不同混合温芳和转速下增容剂苯乙烯－丁二烯二嵌段共聚物（SB）对低密度聚乙烯／聚苯乙烯（LDPE／PS）共混物分散相颗粒尺寸的影响,结果表明,混合温度为150℃时未增容共混物的分散相颗粒尺寸比200℃时粗大,而在150℃中入SB的共混物的分散相颗粒尺寸比200℃时更精细,在150℃时,转速从30r/min至100r/min至100r/min时,未增容共混物的分散相颗平均半径从3．1um降至0.8um,而增容共混物在30r/min时达到平衡颗粒尺寸0．8um,继续提高转速,颗粒尺寸无明显变化。     

SEBS-g-MAH增容PS/PC体系的结构与力学性能

研究了不同配比的聚苯乙烯/聚碳酸酯(PS/PC)共混体系的结构与力学性能及彼此之间的关系,讨论了增容剂氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)对共混物相容性及力学性能的影响。差示扫描量热分析表明,PS/PC表现出2个玻璃化转变温度(Tg),而PS/PC/SEBS-g-MAH则只有1个Tg。扫描电镜的分析结果表明,PS为连续相,PC为分散相,而且SEBS-g-MAH的加入使PS与PC的界面变得模糊。可见增容剂对共混体系具有明显的增容作用。共混物的冲击强度在PC用量大于30 phr时明显提高,拉伸强度和冲击强度在低PC含量时较纯PS有一定程度的下降,但随PC含量增加又逐渐提高;增容共混物的力学性能比未增容的有较大提高;当PC用量约40 phr时共混物具有最好的综合性能。     

高密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共混物的动态流变行为相形态及力学性能

通过熔融共混制备了不同质量比的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共混物,采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜及电子万能试验机等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、相形态及力学性能。结果表明,HDPE/EVA为不相容共混物,HDPE质量分数较高的共混物界面相互作用高于EVA质量分数较高的共混物,这就导致了HDPE质量分数较高的共混物中分散相尺寸更小。在50/50共混物中发现了明显的共连续相结构。HDPE与EVA共混后降低了HDPE相的熔点,提高了EVA相的熔点,这归因于EVA相对HDPE相的稀释作用以及HDPE相对EVA相的成核作用。当HDPE质量分数较高时,共混物的拉伸强度呈现出正偏差,而对于50/50的共混物以及EVA质量分数较高的共混物则显示出负偏差。断裂伸长率与拉伸强度的变化趋势相同,除了80/20共混物有所例外,这可能是由于该组成下共晶度较高所致。     

流场下纳米粒子的分布对不相容共混物形态结构的影响EI北大核心CSCD

探讨了剪切流场下二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面性质(亲水或疏水)及复配对聚异丁烯(PIB)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不相容共混物形态演变的影响。结果表明,加入单一表面性质(亲水或疏水)的粒子均能有效抑制分散相的凝聚,亲水粒子的尺寸细化效应与其分布有关,而疏水粒子与其分布无关。对于混杂粒子填充的PIB/PDMS共混体系,不同配比的混杂粒子均能阻碍分散相的凝聚。但是,当其中的疏水粒子分布在界面处且处于基体相中时比分布在分散相且处于界面能更有效地阻碍分散相的凝聚。     

流场下纳米粒子的分布对不相容共混物形态结构的影响

探讨了剪切流场下二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面性质(亲水或疏水)及复配对聚异丁烯(PIB)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不相容共混物形态演变的影响。结果表明,加入单一表面性质(亲水或疏水)的粒子均能有效抑制分散相的凝聚,亲水粒子的尺寸细化效应与其分布有关,而疏水粒子与其分布无关。对于混杂粒子填充的PIB/PDMS共混体系,不同配比的混杂粒子均能阻碍分散相的凝聚。但是,当其中的疏水粒子分布在界面处且处于基体相中时比分布在分散相且处于界面能更有效地阻碍分散相的凝聚。     

PS/POE增容母料对SAN/PS/POE共混物结构及性能的影响

利用Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)(50/50,质量比,下同)增容共混物。抽提结果显示,该共混物中PS-g-POE接枝共聚物的质量分数为28.3%。以该共混物作为增容母料,考察其对苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物/聚苯乙烯/聚烯烃弹性体(SAN/PS/POE)共混体系力学性能、热稳定性、微观结构等方面的影响。结果表明,固定SAN/PS/POE共混物组成,部分PS、POE组分被增容母料取代后,共混物性能得到明显提高,共混物SAN/PS/POE(50/20/30)与SAN/母料/POE(50/40/10)相比,其拉伸强度从10.8 MPa上升至21.0 MPa,断裂伸长率从1.6%上升至22.3%;热重分析显示,增容共混物中易分解组分的热稳定性提高,共混物SAN/PS/POE(20/10/70)与SAN/母料/POE(20/20/60)相比,其易分解组分的分解温度从413.6℃提高到425.1℃;从扫描电镜(SEM)照片可以看出,增容共混物中分散相更均匀细小。     

具有高界面压应力的高分子共混物Ⅰ.制备和拉伸性能

考察了高界面压应力对不相容聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乙烯(PE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)/PE共混物拉伸性能的影响.高界面压应力是共混物低温成型(PE的成型温度)时,分散相与基体从加工温度冷却到室温过程中基体的收缩比分散相粒子大产生的.尽管PET/PE和PC/PE共混物极不相容,但拉伸强度和模量随着PET和PC含量增加而增加.PET与PC含量相同时,PC/PE的拉伸强度和模量高于PET/PE的.采用Takayanangi方程计算共混物的拉伸模量时,具有高界面压应力的PC/PE共混物的拉伸强度高于界面有良好粘结的共混物的理论值,表明在不添加增容剂时,可通过控制加工条件改善共混物界面相互作用,提高共混材料的性能.     

Effect of nanoclay and SEBS-g-MA on the morphology and properties of immiscible poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene blend

In recent years, nanoclays are being used as compatibilizer for various immiscible polymer blends. However, little work has been done on the morphology of immiscible polymer blends in presence of both the nanoclay and a reactive compatibilizer. Here, we report the synergistic effect of nanoclay and SEBS-g-MA on the morphology and properties of (70/30 w/w) PMMA/PS blend. Scanning electron microscopy study of the blend with various amount of nanoclay and SEBS-g-MA indicated a reduction in the average domain sizes (D) of dispersed PS phase in PMMA matrix compared to that in the pure blend. Addition of both SEBS-g-MA and nanoclay significantly lowered the D of PS in the blend compared to that with only SEBS-g-MA or clay. X-ray diffraction study and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of intercalated clay platelets in PMMA matrix, as well as, at the interface of the (70/30 w/w) PMMA/PS blend-clay nanocomposites. Addition of SEBS-g-MA in the blend-clay nanocomposites promoted the exfoliation of clays in PMMA matrix. Thus, exfoliated clay platelets in PMMA matrix effectively restricted the coalescence of dispersed PS domains while SEBS-g-MA improved the adhesion between the phases at the interface. At certain loading (phr), storage modulus, elongation at break and thermal stability of the blend were greatly improved when both the nanoclay and SEBS-g-MA were present in the blend. The use of reactive compatibilizer and nanoclay in polymer blends may lead to a high performance material which combines the advantages of compatibilized polymer blends and the merits of polymer nanocomposites.     

Sensors for chemicals based on electrically conductive immiscible HIPS/TPU blends containing carbon black

Carbon Black (CB)-containing immiscible polymer blends based on high-impact polystyrene/thermoplastic polyurethane (HIPS/TPU) were studied as sensing materials for an homologous series of alcohols, including, methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol. The studied immiscible blend was designed to exhibit a double-continuity structure i.e., the CB particles form chain-like network structures within the TPU phase, which forms a continuous phase within the HIPS matrix. Extruded HIPS/TPU/CB filaments produced by a capillary rheometer process at various shear rate levels were used for the sensing experiments. All filaments displayed a selective resistance changes upon exposure to the various alcohols combined with reproducibility and recovery behaviour. An attempt is made to identify the dominant mechanisms controlling the sensing process in a CB-containing immiscible polymer blend characterized by a double-continuity structure. The distinct structure and composition of the HIPS/TPU interphase region were found to have a crucial role in the sensing mechanism, determining the selectivity of the filaments toward the studied alcohols. Additionally, the sensing performance of HIPS/TPU/CB system is compared to recent results for TPU/CB compounds, polypropylene/TPU/CB and HIPS/ethylene vinyl acetate/CB immiscible polymer blends.     

尼龙6/聚苯乙烯共混物融合缝的形态及其对力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能测定,研究了尼龙6／聚苯乙烯(PA-6／PS)共混体系融合缝的形态及力学性能．鲒果表明,分散相和连续相的粘度比对融合缝的形态有重要影响．当η分散相／η连续相＞1时,融合缝处分散相的形态不同于本体．融合缝处分散相沿融合缝取向;当η分散相／η连续相＜1时．融合缝处分散相的形态与本体形态相似．均以球形粒子分散于基体中。融合缝的存在使共混体系的力学性能有较大下降,主要由融合缝处分散相形态所致。     

反应挤出法制备PPO/PA6/SEBS共混物的研究EI

研究了 PPO- g- MA对 PPO/PA6 /SEBS共混体系的原位增容作用和 SEBS对 PPO/PA6的增韧作用。 PPO/PA6 /SEBS共混物的 TEM结果表明 ,SEBS分散在 PPO中 ,而 PPO又分散在 PA6基体中。 TEM和 SEM的结果均表明 ,PPO- g- MA细化了分散相的相畴 ,增加了界面强度 ;冲击实验的结果表明 ,PPO- g- MA和 SEBS的用量分别为 2 0 %～ 2 5 %和 10 %～ 15 %时 。     

苯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物对聚苯乙烯/聚乳酸共混物力学性能和流变性能的影响

采用无皂乳液聚合法合成了苯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(PSMA)(n(St)∶n(MA)=75∶25),将PSMA与聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混制备了PSMA含量不同的PS/PLA共混物(m(PS)∶m(PLA)=1∶4),利用扫描电子显微镜、电子拉力机和转矩流变仪对共混物的相结构、力学性能以及流变行为进行了表征。结果表明,加入少量PSMA即能有效提高PLA与PS的相容性,减小PS/PLA共混物中分散相的相尺寸,提高PLA与PS两相间粘接作用;加入质量分数为0.5%的PSMA时,PS/PLA共混物的力学性能达到最佳;未加PSMA时,PS/PLA共混物在高剪切速率下剪切变稀显著,甚至低于纯PS,加入PSMA后,在高剪切速率下的剪切变稀程度与纯PLA相当。     

Fatigue propagation behaviour of polystyrene/polyethylene blends

Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) of injection-moulded polystyrene (PS) and 95/5, 85/15 and 70/30 PS/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends at loading frequencies of 2 and 20 Hz was studied. The FCP results showed that increasing the HDPE content caused a progressive reduction of the fatigue crack growth rates, especially when a styrene/ethylene– butylene/styrene (SEBS) terpolymer was added as a compatibilizer. Increasing the loading frequency also led to a fatigue crack growth rate reduction. Moreover, the fatigue crack growth rates were lower at a given cyclic stress intensity factor range, K, when the crack propagated normal, instead of parallel, to the melt-flow direction during injection moulding. Fractographic observations indicated that discontinuous growth bands (DGBs), associated with the fracture of crazes in the plastic zone, were present through most or all of the fracture surfaces of the PS/HDPE specimens. In the presence of sufficient HDPE, these DGBs were formed by the initiation, growth and coalescence of large dimples initiated at HDPE particles ahead of the microscopic crack front, similar to a multiple crazing effect. The loading frequency effect on the FCP behaviour of these blends is attributed to a time-dependent deformation process. It is concluded that the FCP behaviour of these blends is strongly affected by the loading direction with respect to the matrix and minor phase orientation, by the presence of a compatibilizer, by the composition of the blend and by the testing conditions. © Chapman & Hall.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of HDPE/ionomer blends

The thermal behavior, tensile and tear strength of blends containing high density polyethylene (HDPE) and a sodium neutralized ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer ionomer have been studied. It was found that each HDPE/ionomer blend had two well-separated melting peaks and two crystallization peaks, which indicates that the components of such a blend are immiscible with each other. The tensile behavior of the ionomer showed severe strainhardening just above the yield point, which leads to a lower elongation at break and a higher tensile strength than HDPE, possibly due to a network-like structure formation of ionic aggregates. The tensile properties of HDPE/ionomer blends were generally inferior to those of the pure components. Furthermore, the tensile properties exhibited severe negative deviation from linear additivity of properties, which is characteristic of incompatible blends. The negative deviation was also observed for tear strength of HDPE/ionomer blends. Observation of tear fracture surfaces of the blends showed fibrillar structure when ionomer content was relatively low. However, for the blends of higher ionomer composition much less fibrillation on the fracture surface was observed, which yields a higher value of tear energy. This is attributed to a network-like structure of the ionomer continuous phase of the blends.     

Influence of a fine talc on the properties of composites with high density polyethylene and polyethylene/polystyrene blends

Fine talc filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/polystyrene (PS) blends were extruded, injection moulded and characterized. Some of the mechanical properties of the talc filled HDPE and talc filled 75/25 HDPE/PS blend were deduced from stress–strain measurements. A comparison between the effect of the talc on the properties of the filled HDPE and filled 75/25 HDPE/PS blend showed that the mineral filler had the same effect on both systems provided that its array in the organic matrix is almost the same in both cases. In fact, the rheological results proved that the dispersion of talc in the HDPE matrix was not really affected by the presence of PS. The study particularly focused on the effect of talc on the ultimate tensile strength of the filled HDPE and that of the filled blend. It has been noted that the brittle nature of PS neutralizes, to a certain extent, the degrading effect of talc on this property. Furthermore, both PS and talc have a complementary effect on the stiffness and the resilience of HDPE/PS/talc blend composites.     

Effect of crosslinking on morphology and phase inversion of EPDM/PP blends

This study investigates the effect of cross-linking on morphology and phase inversion of EPDM/PP blends. Several EPDM/PP blends without and with cross-linking agent were prepared in a Haake batch mixer under constant conditions. The morphology was studied by electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM), and cross-linking was followed by EPDM gel content and swelling. The results showed that the position of the phase inversion region is essentially governed by composition, being independent of the viscosity ratio of the EPDM/PP blend. The TPVs’ morphology of the EPDM/PP blend, with 70 and 50 wt% of PP, consists of EPDM cross-linked particles dispersed in the PP matrix. For EPDM-rich composition (30 wt% of PP), the TPVs’ morphology appears to be co-continuous. Even though dynamic vulcanisation of the rubber phase always improves the dispersion of the EPDM phase, complete phase inversion (from fully dispersed PP in the EPDM matrix to EPDM fully dispersed in the PP matrix) was achieved only with low viscosity EPDM.     

用SEM观察PE/PC共混物在拉伸和冲击作用前后的形态

介绍了典型的极不相容共混物（ＥＩＢ）聚乙烯／聚碳酸酯（ＰＥ／ＰＣ）体系的形态受组成的影响,以及共混物在受到拉伸前后,冲击前后的形态。通过扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察发现,组成不仅影响分散相粒子的大小,形状,还决定分散相与连续相的转变,共混物在受到拉应力（拉伸）和剪切应力（冲击）后,前者较多球状粒子变形成为有利于提高拉伸性能的纤维状,后者粒子和基体都发生了能提高抗冲击韧性的塑性变形。