船用低合金高强钢止裂温度相关性研究

为研究不同温度场条件下所测止裂温度的相关性,针对4种批号船用低合金高强钢,分别开展等温型双重拉伸试验和梯度温度型（以下简称“梯温型”）双重拉伸试验,测得了等温型止裂温度和梯温型止裂温度。结果表明,在同一主拉伸应力水平下,梯温型止裂温度值均高于等温型止裂温度值,两者差值与主拉伸应力近似呈线性增长关系、与板厚近似呈二次函数关系。从能量角度对等温型和梯温型双重拉伸试验过程进行分析,确定了影响等温型止裂温度和梯温型止裂温度相关性的主要因素为主拉伸应力、无塑性转变温度和板厚,同时初步给出了相关性表达式。4种批号钢板的试验结果表明,所建立的表达式能够较好地表征板厚不大于80 mm的船用低合金高强钢的等温型止裂温度和梯温型止裂温度的相关性。      

梯温型宽板拉伸止裂试验中的参量相关性分析

对梯温型宽板拉伸止裂试验中的止裂韧性K_(ca)、止裂温度T_K、止裂应力σca的相关性规律进行了理论分析,结果表明,相同温度下的止裂韧性和止裂应力呈线性关系,其线性系数由试板宽度Ws、温度场参数(T150、GT)和温度T_K确定;对21组试验数据的统计分析结果验证了该相关性规律。     

集装箱船用高强度厚钢板止裂韧性指标值的初步实验验证

针对大型集装箱船用85 mm和90 mm高强度EH40和EH47厚钢板,结合最大设计应力和不同止裂韧性值对应的温度,开展了等温型双重拉伸试验,以验证止裂韧性技术指标值(板厚80 mm时-10℃下止裂韧性Kca≥8 000 N/mm~(3/2))的有效性。结果表明,对于试验用高强度厚钢板,在-10℃、K_(ca)=8 000 N/mm~(3/2)条件下,钢板能够止裂,技术指标值有效。     

船体钢止裂性能表征参量止裂温度和止裂韧性的对比分析

基于AH36、EH36和FH500三种船体钢的梯度温度场型双重拉伸试验结果,对止裂温度和止裂韧性分别作为止裂性能表征参量的特点进行了分析。结果表明,与止裂韧性相比,止裂温度测试稳定性好、工程适用性好,更宜作为船体钢止裂性能的工程应用表征参量。     

船体钢止裂温度与无塑性转变温度相关性分析

基于AH36、EH36和FH500三种船体钢的梯度温度场型双重拉伸试验和落锤试验结果,对止裂温度和无塑性转变温度的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,三种船体钢止裂温度与无塑性转变温度之间存在一定的对应关系,反映了两种试验方法之间存在一定的相关性。     

Q500qE桥梁钢止裂性能试验研究

针对桥梁用Q500qE高强度结构钢,分别开展了梯度温度型双重拉伸试验、落锤试验和标准圆截面试样拉伸试验,测得了钢板的止裂温度CAT、无塑性转变温度T_NDT、屈服强度R_el,在此基础上提出了CAT与T_NDT、R_el及板厚t的相关性方程。由相关性方程得到的止裂温度计算结果与实测结果的偏差在±5℃以内,表明该方程能够较好地表征止裂温度与无塑性转变温度、屈服强度、板厚之间的相关性。      

高强度厚钢板止裂韧性K_(ca)影响因素分析

统计分析了26组采用TMCP工艺制造的高强度厚钢板-10℃止裂韧性(K_(ca)~(-10℃))与碳当量(C_(eq))、晶粒度(GS_)、磷含量(w(P))和板厚(t)的相关性规律,结果表明,提高碳当量、增大晶粒度、降低杂质元素磷的含量、减小板厚均有利于止裂韧性的提高,在此基础上建立了止裂韧性与碳当量、晶粒度、磷含量和板厚的回归方程:K_(ca)~(-10℃)=23 443.45·C_(ep)+276.51·G_S-0.77·w(P)·t~3-2.75·t~(1.5)。     

高强度厚钢板止裂韧性K_(ca)与常规力学性能的相关性分析

统计分析了28组采用TMCP工艺制造的高强度厚钢板-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与屈服强度R_(P0.2)、抗拉强度R_m、-40℃冲击功KV_2、-20℃和-40℃动态撕裂能DTE、零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的相关性规律,结果表明,-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与心部抗拉强度R_m和侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的相关度较高,随着心部抗拉强度R_m的增高和侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)的降低,-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)增大;在此基础上建立了-10℃止裂韧性K_(ca)与心部抗拉强度R_m、侧面零塑性转变温度T_(NDT)和板厚t的相关性方程K_(ca)=13.358·R_m-90.530·T_(NDT)-7.324·t~(1.5)或K_(ca)=13.427·R_m-74.845·T_(NDT)-0.635·t~2。     

高强度钢板止裂性能与常规力学性能的相关性分析

统计分析了15组高强度钢板止裂温度CAT与抗拉强度Rm、韧脆转变特征温度ETT50、无塑性转变温度NDT、碳当量Ceq、韧脆转变特性参量k和板厚t的相关性规律。在此基础上建立反映其内在联系的相关性方程:(1)CAT=2.88·NDT-0.002 4·R_m·NDT+0.138·kt~2;(2)CAT=388.5·Ceq-0.21·R_m-0.006·lnkt~2。     

冲击能量对ESSO试验结果的影响

对90mm厚EH47船用钢板进行了不同冲击能量下的梯度温度型ESSO试验以分析冲击能量对试验结果的影响.结果表明,采用下限冲击能量测得的-10℃止裂韧性值与双重拉伸试验所测值基本一致,但根据WES:2815-2014规范确定的上限冲击能量测得的止裂韧性值明显低于前两者测得的结果,建议后续在ESSO试验中针对90mm厚钢板选用冲击能量下限值进行试验.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.