溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化硅光学减反射膜

综述了溶胶-凝胶光学减反射膜的应用背景及光学原理,系统讨论了溶胶-凝胶氧化硅减反射膜的完整制备工艺以及薄膜在使用过程中的主要性能评价指标,最后展望了薄膜的未来发展趋势。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备光学氧传感膜的研究进展

综述了溶胶-凝胶法制备光学氧传感膜在指示剂固定方法、指示剂种类选择以及基质改性方面的研究进展,展望了溶胶-凝胶法制备光学氧传感膜的发展趋势。     

氧化碲非线性光学材料的研究进展

综述了氧化碲非线性光学材料(包括纯TeO_2材料和掺杂有其它物质的氧化碲基材料)的制备方法、国内外研究进展,探讨了分子结构对氧化碲基材料非线性光学性的影响,分析了采用高温熔融法和溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化碲非线性光学材料的优缺点,展望了氧化碲材料的应用前景.指出高温熔融法或溶胶-凝胶法与其他制备方法,如超声、光聚合、电化学等相结合是制备优异氧化碲非线性光学材料的有效手段.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米复合材料的研究进展

溶胶-凝胶法用于制备纳米粒子复合材料，因组分、制备途径和结构等可优化设计，故产物性能优异。本文介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米粒子复合材料在光学、电子、磁学、生物、催化等领域的应用和最新研究进展。     

激光减反射膜制备技术展望

介绍了激光减反射膜的需求，激光减反射膜的作用原理，溶胶－凝胶法技术４的发展历史，制备工艺以及性能测试，并对存在的问题作了简要说明。     

气凝胶薄膜制备的研究进展

气凝胶薄膜作为一种具有独特特性的薄膜材料,在光学、热学、声学、微电子等领域受到广泛关注。概述了气凝胶薄膜的溶胶制备和溶胶镀膜制备工艺,对比了气凝胶溶胶的酸催化、碱催化和酸碱两步催化等制备方法;介绍了浸渍提拉法、旋转镀膜法等溶胶镀膜方法;综述了溶胶制备和镀膜等工艺条件对气凝胶薄膜结构和性能的影响及其研究进展,指出酸碱两步法和金属等杂化是提高气凝胶薄膜性能的有效途径;最后展望了气凝胶薄膜材料的发展和应用前景。     

光伏玻璃减反射膜的研究进展

典型的商业化太阳能电池组件封装结构由光伏玻璃、胶膜、电池片、背膜等部分组成,由于光伏封装玻璃与空气之间存在界面,会带来约4%的太阳光反射,这部分太阳光无法参与到光电转换过程中,造成了一定的光损耗。减反射膜可以有效地抑制由于界面存在折射率差而导致的光反射损耗,因此,在光伏组件中普遍需要在光伏玻璃表面镀减反射膜,这具有重要的现实意义和巨大的经济价值。然而,由于太阳光的宽谱特性,光伏组件面临着严苛的户外环境使用要求,这需要光伏玻璃减反射膜不仅具有较好的减反增透特性,还需在复杂环境下保持稳定,并且符合光伏产业大面积、低成本、均匀成膜的技术要求。事实上,实现兼具以上特性的减反射膜材料制备和镀膜是极具挑战的。与玻璃衬底折射率匹配的减反射膜需要具有极低的折射率(低于自然界中天然材料的折射率),为了获得这种超低折射率需要在材料中引入一定比例的孔隙结构,而这与所要求的严苛环境下材料的稳定性存在矛盾。因此,光伏玻璃减反射膜研究除追求优异的光学特性外,维持其在复杂气候条件下的稳定性也至关重要,减反射膜耐候性、机械强度以及多功能特性(如自清洁、防尘抗污和防潮等)增强方面的探索都成为主要研究课题。在光学特性方面,利用仿生折射率渐变结构提升减反射膜的宽光谱、广角减反特性研究已取得了一系列进展。而在光伏产业中,基于光学特性、稳定性和制造成本的考虑普遍采用溶胶-凝胶二氧化硅单层减反体系,相比于传统的纳米实心二氧化硅颗粒制备的多孔二氧化硅减反射膜,新型介孔二氧化硅和具有封闭孔隙结构的空心二氧化硅减反射膜体现出更好的耐候性和机械强度,同时维持了所需的孔隙率,保持了较好的减反增透特性。此外,为了应对在不同气候环境下的长期应用需求,研究者们进行了一些二氧化硅减反射膜自清洁和防尘抗污等多功能改性方面的探索,但目前在实现同时具有优异的光学特性、较高的力学性能和长效的耐候性的多功能减反射膜方面仍存在较大挑战。本文归纳了光伏玻璃减反射膜的研究进展,从减反射膜的基本概念、原理出发,介绍了针对光伏玻璃减反射膜的特定评价方法,并围绕当前光伏产业中普遍采用的溶胶-凝胶二氧化硅单层减反射膜制备技术进一步对具有三类不同孔隙结构的二氧化硅减反射膜体系进行了介绍,分析了光伏玻璃减反射膜所面临的问题并对其发展趋势进行了展望,以期为制备减反增透特性更优异、在极端环境下更稳定和具有更丰富表面功能特性的新型光伏玻璃减反射膜提供参考。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米薄膜的研究进展

溶胶-凝胶法是制备纳米薄膜的常用方法.综述了溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米薄膜的原理与特点及其最新研究进展,最后指出了溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米薄膜今后急需解决的问题.     

气凝胶薄膜制备的研究进展

气凝胶薄膜作为一种具有独特特性的薄膜材料，在光学、热学、声学、微电子等领域受到广泛关注。概述了气凝胶薄膜的溶胶制备和溶胶镀膜制备工艺，对比了气凝胶溶胶的酸催化、碱催化和酸碱两步催化等制备方法；介绍了浸渍提拉法、旋转镀膜法等溶胶镀膜方法；综述了溶胶制备和镀膜等工艺条件对气凝胶薄膜结构和性能的影响及其研究进展，指出酸碱两步...     

溶胶-凝胶技术在铝合金表面处理中的研究进展

采用溶胶-凝胶（Sol-gel）方法可以在材料表面制备各种Sol-gel无机物膜层,以赋予材料新的使用性能。综述了溶胶-凝胶技术在铝和铝合金的表面涂层制备以及在铝合金阳极氧化膜封闭方面的应用现状,指出溶胶-凝胶技术在铝合金表面处理方面是又一重要的绿色环保、有效的新技术。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.