表面改性蒙脱土/聚氨酯形状记忆复合材料的制备与性能

通过表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)的方法在蒙脱土表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),接枝改性后的蒙脱土与聚氨酯原位聚合制备形状记忆聚氨酯复合材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析、动态力学分析等方法表征材料的结构与性能,并测试其形状记忆性能。结果表明,随着改性蒙脱土含量的增大,复合材料的拉伸强度逐渐增大、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)上升,且改性蒙脱土的加入增大了复合材料的热稳定性,复合材料在循环4次后仍具有很好的形状记忆性能。     

PP/碳纳米管复合材料的结构与性能

采用原子转移自由基(ATRP)活性聚合方法在多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面接枝丙烯酸丁酯聚合物(PBA),并以此对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性。红外光谱(FT-IR)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试结果表明,采用ATRP法成功地将PBA接枝到多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面。采用熔融共混法制备了PP/MWNT复合材料,对其力学性能和耐热性能进行了研究,结果表明,接枝聚合物的碳纳米管提高了复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,提高了PP的耐热性。MWNT-PBA和MWNT-COOH加入PP都能提高材料的性能,而MWNT-PBA比MWNT-COOH的作用更加明显。     

ATRP方法可控合成碳纳米管/PMMA纳米复合材料

通过多壁碳纳米管的表面改性合成了ATRP引发剂,利用合成的ATRP引发剂进行ATRP活性聚合,成功地在碳纳米管表面接枝聚合物PMMA。利用红外(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重(TGA)以及核磁共振(NMR)表征接枝的碳纳米管,考察了碳纳米管用量对碳纳米管/PMMA纳米复合材料力学性能的影响,结果表明,碳纳米管表面成功接枝聚合物PMMA,PMMA的力学性能得到很大改善。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共价接枝多壁碳纳米管及其表征

通过两步法将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)分子链共价接枝到多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面,成功地制备了PET/MWCNTs复合材料。聚丙烯酰氯共价接枝MWCNTs的表面具有多个可反应的酰氯基团,通过与PET端羟基间的反应,以聚丙烯酰氯为中间聚合物层,成功将PET分子链接枝到了碳纳米管表面。采用傅立叶变化红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、核磁(1H-NMR)和热失重分析(TGA)对接枝产物进行了表征,结果表明,PET分子已通过共价接枝的方式接枝到碳纳米管表面,被接枝聚合物的量约为MWCNTs的96%,该接枝聚合物层的存在将有利于多壁碳纳米管与PET树脂间相容性的提高,从而使PET/MWCNTs复合材料的性能得到提高。     

PP/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电性能

采用原子转移自由基(ATRP)活性聚合方法在多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面接枝丙烯酸丁酯聚合物(PBA),并以此对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性。红外光谱(FT-IR)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试结果表明,采用ATRP法成功地将PBA接枝到多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面。对PP/MWNT复合材料电性能研究表明,MWNT-PBA的添加比MWNT-COOH更能降低复合材料的电阻率。MWNT-PBA的加入可使PP从绝缘材料转变为抗静电材料。MWNT-PBA和MWNT-COOH加入PP都能提高材料的电性能,而MWNT-PBA比MWNT-COOH的作用更加明显。     

VGCF的表面处理对VGCF/SMPU复合材料力学和热学性能的影响

用二步法对气相生长碳纤维(VGCF)进行表面改性处理,然后用溶液混合法制备了VGCF/形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU)复合材料.用扫描电镜观察分析了VGCF在SMPU基体中的分散性以及与基体的界面结合情况,研究了复合材料的力学性能和热学性能.结果表明:与未经二步法处理的VGCF相比,用二步法表面处理使VGCF在基体中的分散性及与基体的界面结合能力得到较大的提高,且使其对复合材料的拉伸强度及拉伸弹性模量的增强效果更为明显;虽然SMPU与VGCF复合后的断裂伸长率有所降低,但是与未处理的VGCF制备的复合材料相比,断裂伸长率有明显增大;表面处理的VGCF更有利于提高复合材料的热稳定性.     

碳纳米管对PP/SPTW复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究不同含量的多壁碳纳米管(CNT)对聚丙烯/六钛酸钾晶须复合材料力学性能的影响。方法将经表面改性处理的多壁碳纳米管与改性过的六钛酸钾晶须、聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH),采用熔融共混法,利用双辊开炼机熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW/碳纳米管复合材料。比较不同含量的改性多壁碳纳米管对PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料力学性能的影响。结果多壁碳纳米管表面经过混酸处理后,在复合材料中分散均匀,与聚合物基体界面间结合良好,对复合材料起到增韧增强作用,但是当碳纳米管质量分数较大时,开始出现团聚现象,反而使复合材料的力学性能降低。结论当碳纳米的质量分数为0.5%左右时,复合材料力学性能最佳。     

PC／碳纳米管纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能

将二硫代酯化合物作为RAFT(可逆加成-断裂链转移反应)试剂,采用RAFT活性聚合方法在碳纳米管表面接枝丙烯酸丁酯和马来酸酐的共聚物,并制备了PC/碳纳米管复合材料。利用FT-IR、TEM表征接枝后的碳纳米管,考察了碳纳米管用量对PC/碳纳米管复合材料的力学性能的影响,观察了PC/碳纳米管复合材料冲击断面形貌。结果表明,碳纳米管表面接枝上了一层聚合物,PC/碳纳米管复合材料的力学性能得到了改善。     

四嗪改性碳纳米管环氧摩擦材料的研究

利用Diles-Alder反应,采用3,6-二氨基-1,2,4,5-四嗪对碳纳米管(CNTs)改性处理,考察了改性处理对碳纳米管表面结构、分散程度以及对环氧复合材料性能的影响,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)Raman)分析了材料表面磨损形貌、多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)分散程度以及碳纳米管结构变化,并探讨复合材料摩擦磨损机理、四嗪与碳纳米管反应机理.结果表明,通过四嗪化合物处理碳纳米管后,碳管表面连接活性基团氨基,结构形态发生改变,提高碳纳米管在基体中分散性和复合材料摩擦性能,8h处理MWNTs/EP比未处理MWNTs/EP复合材料摩擦系数降低6.5%,磨耗率降低71.4%.     

表面引发接枝聚合制备MWCNTs-g-PMMA及对PVDF微孔膜性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

以表面引发接枝聚合制备多壁碳纳米管接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MWCNTs-g-PMMA)。通过非溶剂致相分离(NIPS)法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/MWCNTs-g-PMMA复合微孔膜。通过差示扫描量热和衰减全反射红外光谱测试考察了微孔膜的热性能和结晶性能,通过水接触角和水通量测试分析了膜的亲水性能,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和力学性能测试分析了膜的微观形貌和力学性能。随着MWCNTs-g-PMMA接枝率和含量的增大,PVDF复合微孔膜的结构和性能明显改善。当MWCNTs-g-PMMA接枝率和含量分别为28. 6%和1%时,PVDF复合微孔膜的亲水性能、结晶度、β相和力学性能相对纯PVDF膜提升最为明显。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.