四环三萜皂苷类活性成分体外转化研究进展

体外转化在四环三萜皂苷类活性成分方面的应用,可提高其的生物利用度、节省药材、提高苷类制剂的普适性,同时可为发掘四环三萜皂苷起效的物质基础提供依据。文章对四环三萜皂苷类活性成分生物利用度、肠道吸收及体外转化应用等方面进行了综述。     

五环三萜皂苷的合成途径及生物活性研究进展

<正>五环三萜皂苷是由三萜皂苷元和糖经糖苷键连接而成的配糖体,大多以游离或苷类的形式广泛存在于自然界,许多中药如人参、甘草、三七、远志等都含有五环三萜皂苷成分。依据苷元的不同,五环三萜皂苷可分为齐墩果烷(oleanane)型、乌苏     

五环三萜皂苷的药理作用研究进展

五环三萜皂苷是天然产物中重要的成分之一,大多具有广泛的药理活性,临床应用前景十分诱人。随着五环三萜皂苷研究的不断深入,对其药理学作用机制的阐明和新药研发已成为此类化合物研究的热点之一。就国内外学者对五环三萜皂苷抗肿瘤、护肝、抗炎、以及机体免疫调节等药理学作用的研究进展做一综述。     

五环三萜皂苷生物合成与调控的研究进展

五环三萜皂苷是一类重要的天然产物,具有多种生理活性,临床应用前景诱人,但自然界中,其产量较低。采用分子生物学与蛋白质组学相关知识,通过代谢工程或基因工程进行五环三萜皂苷生物合成的工厂化生产,具有广阔的市场前景。综述了五环三萜皂苷生物合成途径及其调控因子的研究进展,并简要探讨了五环三萜皂苷生物合成的研究方法。     

五叶木通藤茎三萜皂苷类成分分布规律研究

目的 探究五叶木通藤茎中三萜皂苷类成分的分布积累规律,为进一步研究五叶木通提供依据。方法 采用植物解剖学和组织化学定位方法,对五叶木通藤茎中三萜皂苷类成分进行显色反应;以木通苯乙醇苷B、齐墩果酸、常春藤皂苷元作为活性成分指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定五叶木通不同组织、不同直径中3种活性成分含量。结果 五叶木通藤茎的次生维管组织所占比例与直径成正比,各组织中均有三萜皂苷类成分分布,活性成分在直径小于0.9 cm的藤茎中分布较多,主要集中在次生木质部、皮层及次生韧皮部。结论 五叶木通藤茎中三萜皂苷类成分的分布具有一定规律,可作为五叶木通质量评价的依据。     

忍冬属植物三萜皂苷类化学成分研究进展

忍冬属药用植物中三萜皂苷不仅含量高,而且具有多种生物活性。忍冬属植物中分离得到的三萜皂苷主要为齐墩果烷型、羽扇豆烷型和乌苏烷型,苷元分别有常春藤三萜皂苷元、齐墩果酸、白桦脂酸和坡模酸等。按忍冬属植物中三萜皂苷的皂苷元化学结构进行归类,介绍了该属植物中三萜皂苷类成分的结构信息、来源及部分皂苷成分的药理作用,以利于该属植物的进一步研究、开发与利用。     

皂苷类成分的体内外代谢研究进展

<正>皂苷是苷元为三萜或螺旋甾烷类化合物的一类糖苷,而皂苷类化合物主要分布于陆地高等植物中,如人参、桔梗等,具有广泛的药理活性.研究[1-4]结果显示,皂苷具有解热抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、治疗心血管疾病和糖尿病等生理活性.随着医药学科的发展,人们逐渐认识到皂苷的代谢作用在新药研究开发中的重要性,但因皂苷生物利用度较低,体内药效物质基础方面的研究尚不深入,影响了皂苷成分的新药开发与应用.本研究就皂苷类成分的体内外代谢研     

毛冬青三萜C-28位氧化修饰相关CYP450基因的发掘和功能鉴定

药用植物毛冬青Ilex pubescens Hook.et Arn.含有大量的五环三萜及三萜皂苷,化学结构复杂多样。三萜类化合物骨架的修饰与其生物合成途径下游的一类关键酶——细胞色素P450单加氧酶(CYP450)密切相关。本研究通过分析毛冬青转录组数据,筛选到1个可能具有五环三萜C-28位氧化功能的CYP450基因(IpAO2)。克隆IpAO2基因并将其通过质粒转化法导入能高效合成amyrin的酿酒酵母工程菌中,GC-MS分析重组酵母代谢产物,发现IpAO2基因编码的蛋白可以将α-amyrin和β-amyrin分别氧化为熊果酸和齐墩果酸,确定IpAO2是一个五环三萜C-28位氧化酶基因。IpAO2基因的鉴定对全面阐明毛冬青三萜及三萜皂苷的生物合成机制具有重要意义,为后期开展毛冬青活性三萜类化合物的代谢工程研究奠定了基础。     

匙羹藤中三萜皂苷类成分及其药理活性

目前已从匙羹藤中分离鉴定出60余个化合物。大部分为三萜皂苷类。齐墩果烷型皂苷是其降血糖、抑制甜味反应、抗龋等作用的活性物质。对匙羹藤中所含有的三萜皂苷类成分的化学和药理研究情况做一综述，为进一步开发利用该植物资源提供参考。     

花旗泽仁主要活性成分在大鼠体外肠道菌群中代谢研究

目的 :观察花旗泽仁主要活性成分在大鼠肠道菌群中的代谢情况,研究花旗泽仁主要活性成分在SD大鼠体外肠道菌群的代谢规律并探索其原型成分与代谢产物的相关性。方法 :通过超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析手段,检测花旗泽仁主要活性成分含量,鉴定代谢产物结构。结果 :①花旗泽仁的主要活性成分人参皂苷Rb1(G-Rb1)、泽泻醇A-24-醋酸酯(Alisol A 24-acetate)和9-羟基-(10E,12E)-十八碳二烯酸(9-HODE)可以被肠道菌群代谢,且肠道菌群对G-Rb1的代谢较快,而Alisol A 24-acetate和9-HODE的代谢速度相比较慢。②本研究确定了G-Rb1的4个代谢产物人参皂苷Rd(G-Rd)、人参皂苷F2(G-F2)、人参皂苷C-K(C-K)和20(S)原人参二醇(Ppd),Alisol A 24-acetate的1个代谢产物泽泻醇A(Alisol A)。结论 :本研究通过体外肠菌代谢实验,明确了花旗泽仁中主要活性成分及其代谢产物在肠道菌群中的代谢规律,并确定代谢产物结构。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.