五环三萜皂苷生物合成与调控的研究进展

五环三萜皂苷是一类重要的天然产物,具有多种生理活性,临床应用前景诱人,但自然界中,其产量较低。采用分子生物学与蛋白质组学相关知识,通过代谢工程或基因工程进行五环三萜皂苷生物合成的工厂化生产,具有广阔的市场前景。综述了五环三萜皂苷生物合成途径及其调控因子的研究进展,并简要探讨了五环三萜皂苷生物合成的研究方法。     

五环三萜皂苷的合成途径及生物活性研究进展

<正>五环三萜皂苷是由三萜皂苷元和糖经糖苷键连接而成的配糖体,大多以游离或苷类的形式广泛存在于自然界,许多中药如人参、甘草、三七、远志等都含有五环三萜皂苷成分。依据苷元的不同,五环三萜皂苷可分为齐墩果烷(oleanane)型、乌苏     

五环三萜皂苷类活性成分口服吸收与代谢研究进展

五环三萜皂苷类成分是自然界广泛存在的一类具有显著活性的天然植物成分,但其口服吸收与代谢机制尚不明确,生物利用度普遍较低,影响了该类成分的剂型设计与临床应用。从肠道吸收、肠道菌群代谢、肝微粒体代谢等方面对五环三萜皂苷类成分的吸收和代谢特征进行综述与分析,为进一步开展剂型设计奠定基础。     

黄芪总皂苷药理作用研究进展

黄芪为临床最常用中药,古有"补药之长"之称。现代药理学研究表明黄芪总皂苷属三萜皂苷类化合物,为黄芪的主要活性成分之一,具有免疫调节、器官保护、抗病毒等多种药理活性。该文综述黄芪总皂苷药理作用,以期为黄芪总皂苷的临床应用与开发研究提供依据。     

酸枣仁化学成分及其镇静催眠作用研究进展

酸枣仁是治疗失眠和焦虑的经典中药之一,其化学成分包括达玛烷型三萜皂苷、黄酮类化合物、生物碱、脂肪油、三萜类化合物、各种维生素和多糖等.早期的酸枣仁药理学研究论证了酸枣仁皂苷和黄酮类化合物是其镇静催眠的主要成分,近年来发现这两类成分对中枢神经系统及其递质、调质、受体和电生理等有着明确的作用.为了综合考察酸枣仁活性物质及其...     

毛冬青三萜C-28位氧化修饰相关CYP450基因的发掘和功能鉴定

药用植物毛冬青Ilex pubescens Hook.et Arn.含有大量的五环三萜及三萜皂苷,化学结构复杂多样。三萜类化合物骨架的修饰与其生物合成途径下游的一类关键酶——细胞色素P450单加氧酶(CYP450)密切相关。本研究通过分析毛冬青转录组数据,筛选到1个可能具有五环三萜C-28位氧化功能的CYP450基因(IpAO2)。克隆IpAO2基因并将其通过质粒转化法导入能高效合成amyrin的酿酒酵母工程菌中,GC-MS分析重组酵母代谢产物,发现IpAO2基因编码的蛋白可以将α-amyrin和β-amyrin分别氧化为熊果酸和齐墩果酸,确定IpAO2是一个五环三萜C-28位氧化酶基因。IpAO2基因的鉴定对全面阐明毛冬青三萜及三萜皂苷的生物合成机制具有重要意义,为后期开展毛冬青活性三萜类化合物的代谢工程研究奠定了基础。     

三萜皂苷生物合成途径及相关酶

三萜皂苷是一种植物次生代谢物,具有多种生物活性,是许多中药的重要有效成分之一.综述三萜皂苷生物合成途径的研究概况,重点介绍相关酶基因的克隆及其结构特征.     

环境因子对药用植物三萜皂苷合成影响的研究进展

三萜皂苷类化合物是一类具有多种生物及药理活性的植物次生代谢产物,除去遗传因素外,环境对植物体内三萜皂苷的生物合成产生较大的影响。总结三萜皂苷类化合物的生物合成途径及其关键酶,并综述了环境中光照、温度、水分、盐、土壤状况等因子对药用植物三萜皂苷合成的影响和可能的作用机制,以期为优化药用植物的栽培环境和提高药材质量提供参考。     

合欢皮中的三萜皂苷

合欢皮作为传统中药,为豆科植物合欢的干燥茎皮。在1995年版中国药典中记载合欢皮具有解郁安神、活血化瘀的作用。在我们对传统中药品质进行研究的过程中,通过对合欢皮95%乙醇提取物的正丁醇可溶部位进行一系列溶剂处理和层析分离,分离获得28个五环三萜皂苷。基于化学和波谱证据,我们鉴定了它们的结构,包括6对非对映异构体、5对位置异构体,其中26个皂苷为新化合物。所有分离皂苷均为三糖链皂苷,含有金合欢酸皂苷元,7~9个单糖和1~2个单萜酸酯衍生物,分子量大于2000。根据它们的一维、二维核磁共振数据归属了这些皂苷的所有碳信号和大多数质子信号,并修订了几个已知皂苷的碳氢谱数据,在此基础上,总结了这类皂苷的波谱规律。本文同时讨论了这些皂苷及其类似物的细胞毒活性和其它活性。     

忍冬属植物三萜皂苷类化学成分研究进展

忍冬属药用植物中三萜皂苷不仅含量高,而且具有多种生物活性。忍冬属植物中分离得到的三萜皂苷主要为齐墩果烷型、羽扇豆烷型和乌苏烷型,苷元分别有常春藤三萜皂苷元、齐墩果酸、白桦脂酸和坡模酸等。按忍冬属植物中三萜皂苷的皂苷元化学结构进行归类,介绍了该属植物中三萜皂苷类成分的结构信息、来源及部分皂苷成分的药理作用,以利于该属植物的进一步研究、开发与利用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.