应用三维超声对胎儿体表畸形诊断的价值

目的:探讨胎儿体表畸形三维超声成像的诊断价值.方法:利用具有实时三维容积成像功能的超声诊断仪对7241名孕龄18～41周的胎儿进行二维和三维超声对照检查,统计两种超声成像胎儿体表畸形的检出率,与引产结果进行比对,分析三维超声成像的优势.结果:发现胎儿体表畸形42例,二维超声诊断正确者32例,三维超声进一步检查诊断正确者共39例,7例体表畸形胎儿二维超声检查不能作出明确诊断,二维及三维超声检查漏诊1例右手六指畸形,1例单纯腭裂畸形,1例小耳畸形.二维及三维超声对畸形诊断正确率分别为76.2%(32/42),92.9%(39/42).结论:三维超声图像立体、直观,对胎儿体表畸形的诊断优于单纯使用二维超声,有较高的临床应用价值,是提高产前诊断水平的一个可靠的技术手段.     

二维联合三维诊断在11~14孕周胎儿颅脑畸形中的价值

目的探讨二维联合三维在诊断在11~14孕周胎儿颅脑畸形中的诊断价值。方法选取我院疑似露脑-无脑畸形的孕11~14周孕妇78例,行超声检测,对产妇早孕期胎儿露脑与无脑畸形引产结果进行追踪,并对继续妊娠孕妇孕中期超声情况及妊娠结局进行随访。结果78例疑似露脑-无脑畸形的孕11~14周孕妇经超声筛查、引产及病理检查确诊,露脑与无脑畸形共72例。其中露脑畸形胎儿39例,无脑畸形胎儿33例。其中二维超声的检出率为91.67%,漏诊率为5.56%,误诊率为2.78%;三维超声的检出率为94.44%,漏诊率为4.17%,误诊率为1.39%。二维超声检查检测胎儿露脑与无脑畸形的准确率为88.9%(64/72),三维超声检测胎儿露脑与无脑畸形的准确率为93.06%(67/72),二者联合检查胎儿露脑与无脑畸形的准确率为98.6%(71/72)。ROC曲线分析显示,二维超声、三维超声及二者联合诊断胎儿露脑与无脑畸形的AUC为0.778、0.882、0.910,敏感度、特异度:二维超声为88.9%、66.7%,三维超声为93.1%、83.3%,二者联合为98.6%、83.3%,联合诊断价值较高。结论二维联合三维对孕11~14周胎儿露脑与无脑畸形序列具有较高的诊断价值,对早期胎儿颅脑畸形的筛查具有重要作用。     

二维超声联合四维超声在产前筛查胎儿畸形中的临床价值

目的探讨二维超声联合四维超声在产前筛查胎儿畸形中的临床应用价值。方法对我院3530例中孕期孕妇作为产前超声筛查并与引产后胎儿尸检结果或产后新生儿超声检查结果进行对比。结果本组受检孕妇产前均接受二维及四维超声检查;诊断证实出生后或引产后胎儿畸形45例,其中二维超声检出胎儿畸形33例,二维超声检出率为73.33%(33/45),四维超声检出胎儿畸形42例,二维联合四维超声检出率为93.33%(42/45),经统计学分析发现二维超声联合四维超声产前对胎儿畸形检出率明显高于单纯二维超声,且差异具有统计学意义(X~2=5.10,P0.05)。结论二维超声联合四维超声可以使产前胎儿畸形的诊断率明显增高,四维超声检查是二维超声检查的重要辅助手段。     

经阴道二维和三维超声检查对宫腔异常的临床诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道二维超声和三维超声对宫腔异常的临床诊断价值。方法对在山东中医药大学附属医院生殖与遗传中心就诊患者,以宫腔镜或者宫腹腔镜证实宫腔异常者为观察对象,回顾分析其有创检查前的二维和三维超声检查结果,探讨不同超声检查方式对宫腔异常的临床诊断价值。结果 83例怀疑子宫畸形患者,宫腔镜检查证实弓形子宫44例,二维超声检查漏诊6例,三维超声检查全部诊断正确;经宫腹腔镜检查证实不全纵隔子宫23例,二维超声检查误诊5例(均误诊为弓形子宫),三维超声检查全部诊断正确;经宫腹腔镜检查证实完全纵隔子宫4例,二维及三维超声检查全部诊断正确;经宫腔镜检查证实单角子宫12例,二维及三维超声检查全部诊断正确。123例怀疑宫腔病变患者,经宫腔镜及病理结果证实宫腔占位68例,其中粘膜下肌瘤4例,子宫内膜息肉64例,二维超声检查漏诊9例内膜息肉,三维超声检查漏诊5例内膜息肉,二维及三维超声检查正确诊断所有粘膜下肌瘤;经宫腔镜证实宫腔粘连55例,二维超声检查漏诊23例,三维超声检查漏诊18例。结论三维超声检查对子宫畸形的诊断准确率可达100%;三维超声检查对宫腔病变的诊断存在一定的漏诊率,但漏诊率低于二维超声检查;三维超声检查对宫腔异常的诊断准确率高于二维超声检查。     

唐氏综合筛查联合彩色多普勒超声诊断高龄孕妇胎儿畸形的应用价值

目的探讨唐氏综合筛查联合三维、四维超声在诊断高龄孕妇胎儿畸形中的价值。方法选择我院行产前检查的2278例高龄孕妇为观察对象,所有孕妇均接受唐氏综合筛查,对疑似胎儿畸形的孕妇再联合三维超声、四维超声检查进行诊断,评估三种检查方式联合的诊断价值。结果引产及胎儿出生结果证实,2278例高龄孕妇中共检出63例畸形胎儿。联合检查的胎儿畸形的阳性率及诊断准确率均明显高于唐氏综合筛查、三维超声、四维超声的单项检查,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论唐氏综合筛查联合三维、四维超声在诊断高龄孕妇胎儿畸形中应用价值较高,可降低畸形胎儿出生率,值得临床运用。     

实时三维超声检查胎儿畸形的临床应用

目的 了解三维超声检查胎儿畸形的临床意义.方法 利用常规超声仪所配置的三维探头及软件对中、晚孕期的胎儿进行系统扫查.结果 在950例中晚孕的常规产前超声检查中,共检出16例畸形儿,其中唇(颚)裂5例,脐膨出3例,脊柱畸形和脊柱裂各2例,脑膜脑膨出、全前脑无叶裂、手畸形及淋巴水肿各1例.结论 三维超声可增强二维超声的诊断能力,对明确胎儿颅、面、骨骼及体表畸形尤有帮助.     

三维彩超对胎儿中枢神经系统畸形的诊断应用价值

目的探讨三维彩超对胎儿中枢神经系统畸形的诊断运用价值。方法 2011年8月~2015年1月选择在我院行产前超声检查的高危妊娠妇女共320例,都进行二维彩超与三维多切面彩超检查。结果二维彩超检查出胎儿中枢神经系统畸形28例,检出率为8.75%;主要影像学特征表现为小脑延髓池增宽、灰质异位或侧脑室室管膜下灰质信号,胼胝体发育不良。三维彩超中检查出胎儿中枢神经系统畸形30例,检出率为9.38%,其中比二维超声多检出1例脑积水与1例脉络膜囊肿,使用的三维切面为侧脑室切面。经过正常分娩或引产尸检后证实,三维彩超无漏诊情况,诊断准确率为100.0%;二维彩超漏诊2例,诊断准确率为93.3%,三维彩超的诊断准确率高于二维彩超,但是对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声检查对胎儿中枢神经系统的畸形检出率较高,三维彩超以多切面成像功能弥补二维彩超的漏诊情况,可明显提高产前诊断正确率。     

三维超声在中、晚期妊娠胎儿体表成像中的临床应用

目的利用三维超声成像技术对胎儿体表结构进行实时三维超声取像,以探讨三维超声成像在中晚期妊娠胎儿体表结构成像中的临床应用价值。方法使用Philips iU22三维容积探头对600例17～38周的胎儿体表结构进行实时三维超声取像。结果 600例胎儿中共检出体表畸形5例：1例胎儿露脑畸形,1例胎儿脊柱侧弯,1例胎儿唇裂,1例胎儿脐膨出,1例胎儿颈部淋巴水囊瘤。其余胎儿体表结构均正常。本组三维体表结构成像成功率为87.2%。胎儿体表结构成像的最佳时间：肢体、脊柱在孕16～22周;颜面部在孕26～30周。结论三维超声在胎儿体表结构成像中图像逼真直观,可提供丰富的胎儿体表结构的诊断信息,可作为二维超声的补充,在胎儿的产前诊断中发挥重要的作用。     

二维联合三维超声在产前早孕晚期胎儿心脏畸形诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨二维联合三维超声在产前早孕晚期胎儿心脏畸形诊断中的应用效果。方法选取我院检查就诊的早孕晚期孕产妇200例,对孕产妇通过二维联合三维超声对孕产妇进行超声心动图检查,比较分析产前超声诊断结果和产后结果。结果本次纳入研究的212例胎儿中,生产前通过二维联合三维超声检查患有先天性心脏畸形的胎儿有70例,经产后回访结果为78例,诊断符合率为89.74%。78例胎儿中严重畸形的胎儿有58例,占胎儿心脏畸形的74.36%,非严重畸形的胎儿(室间隔缺损)20例,占胎儿心脏畸形的25.64%。单纯4CV切面诊断胎儿先天性心脏畸形152例,占胎儿总数的71.69%。结论在产前早孕晚期心脏畸形胎儿筛查中应用二维联合三维超声检查具有较高的诊断准确率,且具有应用方便、操作简单、无创伤。     

胎儿下颌畸形的产前超声诊断分析

目的:探讨胎儿下颌畸形的产前超声表现、检查技巧及临床意义,提高此类畸形的产前检出率.材料和方法:对我院常规产前筛查或在外院超声检查发现其他异常来我科会诊的胎儿颜面部进行常规多切面扫查.先通过二维超声正中矢状切面主观目测有否下颌发育畸形,同时对可疑病例进行颜面部的冠状面及横切面补充扫查,仔细测量下颌骨前后径,并与双顶径进行比较,然后启动三维表面重建成像协助明确产前诊断.所有经产前超声诊断的病例均经引产后证实.结果:产前共检出下颌发育畸形胎儿11例,其中小下颌畸形9例,下颌骨缺失2例.结论:产前二维超声可以明确诊断胎儿下颌发育畸形,正中矢状切面是诊断此类畸形的首选切面;颜面部三维表面成像具有空间立体显像优势,可全面、直观地再现颜面结构的外形及细部缺陷,是提高胎儿颜面畸形诊断准确度的有效辅助手段.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.