稀土固体超强酸Gd3+- SO2-4/ZrO2催化合成乙酸正丁酯

采用乙酸、正丁醇为原料,以固体超强酸Gd3+ -SO2-4/ZrO2作为催化剂,催化合成乙酸正丁酯.用固体超强酸Gd3+ -SO2-4/ZrO2和SO2-4/ZrO2进行催化活性对比试验,考察浸渍硫酸浓度、浸渍时间、焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响以及原料酸醇比、反应时间、催化剂用量对酯化率的影响,从而确定固体超强酸的最佳制备条件.试验结果表明:在反应温度105～110℃,催化剂用量1.5g,n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=2.5∶1,反应时间2.5h条件下,酯化率可达98.86％;催化剂重复使用效果明显;加Gd3+的固体超强酸的催化活性明显增强.     

含铈固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2-CeO2催化合成乙酸丁酯的研究

以固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-CeO2作催化剂,冰醋酸和正丁醇为原料合成了乙酸丁酯.采用正交实验法对影响反应的因素进行了考察.结果表明最佳反应条件为n(醇)∶n(酸)=2∶1,催化剂用量为反应混合物总量的1.5%(质量分数),反应时间为3h,酯化率可达92.6%.     

含铈固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-CeO_2催化合成乙酸丁酯的研究

以固体超强酸 SO42 - / Zr O2 - Ce O2 作催化剂 ,冰醋酸和正丁醇为原料合成了乙酸丁酯。采用正交实验法对影响反应的因素进行了考察。结果表明 :最佳反应条件为 n(醇 )∶ n(酸 ) =2∶ 1,催化剂用量为反应混合物总量的 1.5 %(质量分数 ) ,反应时间为 3h,酯化率可达 92 .6 %。     

固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)-/TiO_2-MoO_3催化合成丙酸苄酯

以氯化钛为主要原料,采用沉淀-浸渍法制备新型固体超强酸催化剂S2O82--/TiO2-MoO3,并用于丙酸苄酯的合成反应。该催化剂制备的最优条件为:焙烧温度为500℃,(NH4)2S2O8浸渍浓度0.5 mol/L,钼酸铵浸渍浓度为0.1 mol/L时,焙烧时间为2.5 h。采用该催化剂通过正交试验得到合成丙酸苄酯的最佳条件为:n(苄醇)∶n(丙酸)=1.5∶1.0,催化剂用量为0.6 g(以0.2 mol丙酸为准),带水剂环己烷用量为12 mL,反应时间为2.5 h,其酯化率可达96%以上。该催化剂具有催化活性高、不污染环境、可重复使用等特点。     

稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-2%Gd2O3催化合成乙酸戊酯

制备了稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-2％Gd2O3催化剂，并对以乙酸和戊醇为原料合成乙酸戊酯的反应条件进行了研究。研究表明：当戊醇与乙酸的摩尔比为1：1．5，反应时间为6h，反应温度为130℃，催化剂用量为6％戊醇的质量时，反应酯化率最高，酯化率可达98．93％，选择性高达100％。研究发现，该催化剂可重复使用，并能活化再生。     

铕掺杂固载超强酸催化合成三醋酸甘油酯的研究

分别以粘土制成的陶瓷球、分子筛为载体,四氯化钛和三氯化铕为原料,采用液相沉积法制备了掺杂铕的T iO2/SO42-/陶瓷球固载超强酸(ETT)和掺杂铕的T iO2/SO42-/分子筛固载超强酸(ETS)。通过正交试验优选了催化剂制备条件,并以甘油与醋酸的酯化反应考察了催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,T iO2等化合物在载体上的沉积速度是影响催化剂活性的关键因素,且载体不同时会影响到催化剂对酯化反应的催化活性。在适宜的条件下,即原料配比n甘油∶n乙酸∶n乙酸酐为1∶4∶0.2,催化剂(ETT)用量2.5g(为总投料量的2.6%),反应时间7h时,三醋酸甘油酯的收率可达到98.3%。     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2- Nd2O3催化合成棕榈酸甲酯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土固体超强酸催化剂SO4-/SnO2- Nd2O3,以工业棕榈酸和甲醇为原料催化合成棕榈酸甲酯.考察了氧化钕添加量、焙烧温度、硫酸浓度、醇酸质量比、催化剂用量和反应时间对酯化反应的影响.结果表明,当氧化钕添加量为5％,以2.0 mol/L硫酸浸渍后,于550℃下焙烧3h制备的催化剂性能最好.正交实验结果表明,合成棕榈酸甲酯的优化条件为:醇酸质量比为15∶25,催化剂用量为棕榈酸质量的6.0％,反应时间5h.在此条件下,酯化率为90.1％.     

稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-2%Sm2O3催化合成乙酸辛酯

采用共沉淀法制备了稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-2%Sm2O3催化剂,并对以乙酸和辛醇为原料合成乙酸辛酯的反应条件进行了探索.研究表明,当辛醇与乙酸的摩尔比为1:2,反应时间为6h,反应温度为120℃,催化剂用量为6%辛醇的质量时,酯化率可达91.73%,选择性高达100%.研究发现,该催化剂可重复使用,并能活化再生.     

环境友好催化合成苯乙酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以硫酸铁和硝酸钴为主要原料,采用沉淀-浸渍法制备新型固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/CoFe2O4,并用于苯乙酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的合成反应。该催化剂制备的最优条件为:焙烧温度为500℃(,NH4)2SO4浸渍浓度0.6mol/L,焙烧时间为2.5 h。采用该催化剂通过正交试验得到合成苯乙酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的最佳条件为:n(醇)∶n(酮)=1.6∶1.0,催化剂用量为0.6 g,带水剂甲苯用量为12 mL,反应时间为2.0 h,其收率可达89.7%以上。该催化剂具有催化活性高、不污染环境、可重复使用等特点。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3催化合成乳酸丁酯

以固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3为催化荆,通过乳酸和丁醇反应合成乳酸丁酯.实验结果表明,固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3对酯化反应具有较高的催化活性,反应的最佳条件为n(丁醇):n(乳酸)=1.8:1.0,催化剂用量为0.9 g(以0.2mlo乳酸为准),带水剂用量为12 mL,反应时间为2.0 h,其醇化率可达96.6%以上.     

Preparation, characterization and catalytic properties of S2O82-/ZrOe-CeO2 solid superacid catalyst

A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O82-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD, FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of appropriate amounts of Ce into the catalyst was beneficial to the formation of sole tetragonal ZrO2 and effectively prevented from the formation of monoclinic ZrO2, and restrained the loss of sulfated species. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal Ceo0.16Zr0.84O2phase in the case of S2O82-/ZrO2-CeO2 calcined above 500 ℃. Catalytic activities of S2O82-/ZrO2-CEO2 for the estefification of lactic acid with n-butanol was studied. The results showed that the optimttrn conditions were as follows: calcination temperature of the catalyst 600 ℃, n(lactic acid):n(n-butyl alcohol)=1.0:3.0, w(S2O82-/ZrO2-CEO2)=12.0%, reaction temperature 145 ℃, and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of lactic acid was about 96.6%.     

稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2- 2% Gd2O3催化合成乙酸戊酯

制备了稀土复合固体超强酸SO₄2-/ZrO_2- 2%Gd₂O₃催化剂,并对以乙酸和戊醇为原料合成乙酸戊酯的反应条件进行了研究。研究表明:当戊醇与乙酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,反应时间为6h,反应温度为130℃,催化剂用量为6%戊醇的质量时,反应酯化率最高,酯化率可达98.93%,选择性高达100%。研究发现,该催化剂可重复使用,并能活化再生。      

铈对SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC固体超强酸改性的研究

用铈对固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/铝交联膨润土(SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC)进行改性,制备了Ce-SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC稀土超强酸,并采用XRD、低温N2吸附法及吡啶吸附红外等方法对其进行了结构、表面性能及酸性的表征.实验结果表明,铈引人SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC超强酸对TiO2锐钛矿晶相的形成没有影响,但对锐钛矿晶相向金红石相的转变有促进作用,铈的引人使催化剂的酸强度及酸中心的数量略有下降,铈能有效地减少催化剂表面SO42-的流失量,从而提高了催化剂的活性稳定性.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrochlore Titanate R2Ti2O7(R=Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+)

Pyrochlore titanate oxides, R2Ti2O7(R=Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+), were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. The crystal growth of pyrochlore titanate oxides and taking place of chemical reaction in the hydrothermal processing were sensitive to the alkalinity, temperature, reaction time, the nature of the rare earth ion and the composition of initial reaction mixture. The as-prepared samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectrum and variable temperature dc magnetic susceptibility(Superconductivity quantum interference device, SQUIDS). The magnetic studies gave 7.29×10-23 A·m2/Gd3+ and -8.28 K, 8.75×10-23 A·m2/Tb3+ and -19.7 K, and 8.85×10-23 A·m2/Dy3+ and 0.84 K effective moments and Weiss constants for Gd2Ti2O7,Tb2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7, respectively.     

Catalytic Decomposition of CFC-12 over Solid Superacid Mo2O3/ZrO2

Catalytic decomposition of dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) in the presence of water vapor and oxygen was studied over a series of solid superacids, Mo2O3/ZrO2, that had different ZrO2 content by using a fixed-bed reactor. CO2 and CClF3 were the main products and no CO was detected as by-product. The decomposition activity of solid superacid largely depended on the content of ZrO2 and the calcination temperatures of Mo2O3/ZrO2. The optimal calcination temperature and content of ZrO2 for preparing Mo2O3/ZrO2 with the highest activity for catalytic decomposition of CFC-12 were 450°C and 20–40% by weight, respectively. Adopting a low concentration of oxygen and CFC-12 together with a high concentration of water vapor was preferable for having the high conversion efficiency of CFC-12 and the selectivity for CO2. The catalytic activity of Mo2O3/ZrO2 remained steady for 100?h in continuous operation.     

Catalytic Reduction of SO2 on CeO2-La2O3 Rare Earth Mixed Compounds

Adding rare earth oxide CeO2 with variable valences to La2O3 formed a mixture of rare earth oxides. By means of dipping CeO2, La2O3 and their mixture, whose carriers were all γ-Al2O3, were used as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO. The activation process of this catalyst and the impact of temperature and reactant concentration on the activation process were investigated. Using X-ray diffraction, the structure characteristics of catalyst before and after reaction were analyzed to reveal the change of phase structure. The result shows that the rare earth oxide mixtures composing of CeO2 and La2O3, as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO, diminish activation temperature 50～100℃ less and have higher activity than a single oxide CeO2 or La2O3. The reason possibl is that La2O3 goes into in the lattice of CeO2 to form solid phase complex CeO2-La2O3 and increases the capability of CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst to store oxygen, which supplies the redox of CeO2 reaction with a better condition. At the same time, elemental sulfur formed in the redox reaction impels La203 to be transformed to activation phase La2O2S in a lower temperature, which can be explained with the synergism between redox reaction and COS intermediate mechanism reaction.     

Photoluminescence of SrGdGa_3O_7∶RE (RE=Ce~(3 ), Pr~(3 ), Tb~(3 )) under VUV-UV Excitation

SrGdGa3 O7belongstothelargefamilieswhosegeneralchemicalformulaisAMM′3 O7(A =Ca ,Sr ,Ba ;M =La ,Gd ,Y ;M′ =Al,Ga) .Thesecom poundshavemelilitestructure .Structuralinvestiga tionsindicatethatSrGdGa3 O7formstetragonalcrystalswithspacegroupP 4 2 1m .Theunit…     

SO4（2-）/ZrO2固体超强酸的制备及表征

对传统沉淀-浸渍法制备SO42-/ZrO2（SZ）工艺进行了改进,探索用一步法制备SZ。分别以氯氧化锆（添加硫酸铵引入SO42-）和硫酸锆为锆源,以氨水为沉淀剂,经水解、水热、洗涤、干燥、焙烧制得高比表面积的SO42-/ZrO2。利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、低温氮气吸附-脱附、Hamm ett指示剂法等进行结构及酸性的表征,研究了锆盐原料浓度、水解pH值、焙烧温度对SO42-/ZrO2性能影响。研究表明：水解pH值对SZ的比表面积影响最大;焙烧温度是制备SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的关键,当焙烧温度达到700℃时,负载SO42-的ZrO2才由无定形向单斜相和四方相转变,制得的SO42-/ZrO2显示出强酸性。     

稀土固体超强酸Ce4+-SO42-/ZrO2催化剂的制备及性能研究

将固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2负载稀土铈,制备了新型催化剂Ce4+-SO42-/ZrO2,用于催化合成溴代正辛烷。考察了硝酸铈的质量百分浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等因素对其催化性能的影响;并采用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其性能进行了研究。