超声造影引导下单极射频消融与无接触多极射频消融治疗肝肿瘤的对比研究

目的对比分析超声造影引导下单极射频消融(M-RFA)与无接触多极射频消融(No-touch RFA)治疗肝肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析在我院行超声造影引导下M-RFA和No-touch RFA治疗肝肿瘤的94例患者(M-RFA组44例,No-touch RFA组50例)的检查资料,比较两组患者术后病灶灭活范围和灭活率,以及治疗前后实验室检查指标的差异;随访24个月,观察患者的无瘤生存率。结果射频消融后,超声造影测量M-RFA组肿瘤灭活范围平均值为38.36 mm×31.31 mm,No-touch RFA组为46.70 mm×35.82 mm;M-RFA组完全灭活率为90.9%(40/44),No-touchRFA组为98.00%(49/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。M-RFA组21例患者甲胎蛋白阳性,RFA术后1个月9例明显下降,12例转阴;No-touch RFA组20例患者甲胎蛋白阳性,RFA术后1个月6例明显下降,14例转阴,两组术前术后比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.001)。术后随访24个月,M-RFA组无瘤生存率为47.72%(21/44),No-touch RFA组为68.00%(34/50),差异有统计学意义(P=0.041)。结论超声造影引导下No-touch RFA治疗肝肿瘤有助于提高肿瘤的灭活率,疗效显著,无瘤生存率高,较M-RFA临床应用价值更佳。     

超声造影对确定肝癌射频消融范围及治疗策略的应用价值

目的探讨射频消融(RFA)治疗前超声造影(CEUS)对制定消融范围及治疗策略的应用价值,并与RFA前未应用CEUS的治疗组比较疗效。方法161例原发性肝癌符合经皮RFA入选条件患者进行超声引导RFA治疗。其中,77例RFA前采用SonoVue行CEUS检查(CEUS组),84例RFA前未行CEUS检查(非CEUS组)。两组病例的临床资料无明显差异。肿瘤平均直径CEUS组(3.6±1.2)cm,非CEUS组(3.5±1.1)cm。治疗后采用常规超声、增强CT及(或)超声造影等影像检查进行规律性随访,至少随访6个月CT判断肿瘤灭活程度。结果CEUS组77例105灶行RFA治疗,造影动脉期显示59灶(56.2%)肿瘤范围较造影前增大,其中42灶(71.2%)造影前肿瘤边界不清;49灶(46.7%)肿瘤形态较常规超声更不规则,其中39灶(79.6%)为造影前边界不清。造影组>3.5 cm肿瘤52灶,37灶(71.1%)在动脉期显示主荷瘤血管。10例CEUS新发现≤2.0 cm病灶16个,其中3例为肝硬化随访病例,均进行RFA治疗。两组平均治疗次数为1.2次和1.5次。RFA后随访6~36个月,CEUS组完全灭活率高于非CEUS组(95.4%对87.8%,P=0.042)。CEUS组生存期高于非CEUS组[(34.2±1.2)月对(30.2±1.6)月,P=0.028]。结论RFA前CEUS可清晰显示肿瘤浸润范围,灵敏发现卫星灶及其他区域微小病灶,确认荷瘤血管,为准确制定消融方案,施行治疗策略,整体覆盖灭活肿瘤提供了可靠的依据,从而有效地提高RFA对肝癌的治疗水平。     

超声引导单极冷循环射频消融治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤的研究

目的 评价超声引导单极冷循环射频消融治疗(radiofrequence Ablation,RFA)肾上腺恶性肿瘤的疗效及安全性.方法 对36个肾上腺原发性肿瘤及转移瘤在超声引导下应用单极冷循环射频电极行多点扇形立体定位法重叠RFA,治疗结束后15 min行即时超声造影(CEUS)或增强CT(CECT)检查,评价即时疗效,如发现肿瘤灭活不全,可追加治疗.1个月后再行CECT或CEUS检查,评价近期疗效;治疗前后测定血浆水平的皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、葡萄糖水平并进行比较.结果 本组36个病灶,即时CEUS肿瘤完全灭活31个病灶,肿瘤残留5个病灶,1个月后CECT肿瘤完全灭活32个病灶,肿瘤残留4个病灶,两组差异无统计学意义(x2=0.127,P=0.722);RFA治疗后ACTH,葡萄糖水平恢复到正常水平.并发症及不良反应:①疼痛,在治疗过程中患者均有轻微疼痛及消融区域的热胀感,其中19例消融区明显疼痛,使用镇痛剂后疼痛减轻;②心率波动,14例心率减慢,最慢45～55次/min,静脉给予阿托品0.5 mg后,心率回复正常;③血压波动,9例患者在治疗过程中出现血压升高,收缩压21～28 kPa,舒张压13～19 kPa,经静脉注射尼卡地平5 mg后缓解,36例患者未出现严重并发症,无死亡病例.结论 RFA治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤是安全有效的方法,有较高的临床应用价值.     

超声引导多点扇形立体定位单极冷循环射频消融治疗肝癌

目的 评价超声引导多点扇形立体定位单极冷循环射频消融治疗肝癌的效果. 方法 对96例肝癌患者的112个肿瘤,采用多点扇形立体定位法施行超声引导经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗.治疗后15 min行超声造影(CEUS),判断肿瘤是否完全灭活,如灭活不完全则进行重复治疗,治疗后1个月行增强CT(CECT)或CEUS检查评估治疗效果. 结果 112个肿瘤共穿刺293次,成功穿刺269次,穿刺成功率91.81%.治疗后15 min,CEUS示肿瘤无增强.治疗后1个月CT复查,肿瘤体积缩小;89.29%肿瘤CECT无强化,10.71%存在部分强化;CEUS示87.38%肿瘤内无增强,12.62%存在部分增强. 结论 超声引导多点扇形立体定位单极冷循环RFA治疗肝癌疗效可靠,可提高消融治疗对较大肝癌的灭活率.     

超声造影指导射频消融治疗小肝癌的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)指导射频消融治疗小肝癌的应用价值.方法 70例经病理诊断的肝恶性肿瘤患者共104个病灶为研究对象;其中39例54个病灶采用SonoVue团注法行CEUS检查并引导治疗(CEUS组),同期常规超声引导消融治疗的31例50个病灶为对照组.病灶大小0.7～2.7cm,平均(1.60±0.43)cm.两组病例临床一般指标差异无统计学意义.结果 CEUS组中13例17个病灶的范围较常规超声显示清晰(31.5%),其中1.5 cm以下病灶12个,均在CEUS引导下消融治疗.CEUS组与对照组治疗结果比较,术后1个月肿瘤灭活率分别为100%和92%,肿瘤的治疗次数分别为(1.00±0.00)次和(1.08±0.27)次;随访8～52个月(平均21个月),肿瘤局部复发率分别为0和4%.肿瘤灭活率及治疗次数两组间差异有统计学意义.结论 CEUS可改善小肿瘤的显示率并引导精确定位,有效提高灭活率,减少治疗次数,有较高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the treatment of small hepatic malignancies with radiofrequency ablation(RFA). Methods Seventy patients with 104 pathologically proved malignant liver lesions treated by RFA (size 0.7 -2.7 cm) were divided into 2 groups including CEUS group and control group. In CEUS group,39 patients(54 lesions) were treated with RFA guided by CEUS, while in control group 31 patients (50 lesions) were guided by conventional ultrasonography. There was no significant difference between clinical data of the two groups. Results Seventeen tumors(among them,12 lesions were less than 1.5 cm in diameter) in 13 patients showed more clearly on CEUS image than on conventional ultrasonography image (31.5% ) in CEUS group. The tumor necrosis rate at one month after RFA was 100% in CEUS group,and 92% in control group ( P = 0. 034).The number of RFA sessions per tumor was 1.00± 0.00 in CEUS group,and 1.08 ± 0.27 in control group (P = 0.000). Local tumor progression rate was 0 in CEUS group and 4% in control group ( P = 0. 138)during the period of 8 - 52 months follow-up (average 21 months). Conclusions CEUS can not only improve the display of small hepatic malignancies but also provide precise guidance in contrast with conventional ultrasonography. Compared with control group, RFA of small hepatic malignancies guided by CEUS lower the number of RFA sessions, enhance the tumor necrosis rate, decrease post-RFA local progression and therefore it has extensive clinical value.     

射频及射频联合其他介入性治疗对肝癌术后复发的应用比较

目的比较原发性肝癌术后复发的射频及射频综合治疗方法及疗效.方法分别对123例肝细胞肝癌(HCC)术后复发患者共149个肿瘤病灶进行射频消融或射频消融综合治疗,(1)Ⅰ组66例77个肿瘤病灶(肿瘤直径＜3cm),行单纯冷循环射频消融治疗(CRFA);(2)Ⅱ组57例72个肿瘤病灶(肿瘤直径＞3cm),其中Ⅱ a组21例30个肿瘤病灶行单纯CRFA;Ⅱ b组36例42个肿瘤病灶于CRFA之前分别行肝动脉栓塞或瘤内无水酒精注射治疗;(3)Ⅲ组另选63例75个肿瘤病灶(肿瘤直径＜3cm)行单纯瘤内无水酒精注射治疗(PEIT).术后观察各组患者治疗前及治疗后2周丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和术后1个月甲胎蛋白、二维及彩色多普勒血流显像、增强CT/MRI的改变.其中23例分别于消融治疗前后进行了超声造影检查.记录患者治疗后1、2、3年生存率.结果Ⅰ组肿瘤病灶完全坏死率为92.2%(71/77),术后1个月AFP明显下降;术后1年生存率93.2%(55/59),2年生存率71.9%(23/32),3年生存率64.0%(16/25);Ⅱ a组肿瘤病灶完全坏死率为23.3%(7/30),术后1个月仅1例AFP下降,术后1年生存率45.0%(9/20),2年生存率38.5%(5/13),3年生存率28.6%(2/7);Ⅱ b组术后1个月肿瘤病灶完全坏死率57.1%(24/42),术后1个月AFP下降;术后1年生存率65.6%(21/32),2年生存率47.4%(9/19),3年生存率38.5%(5/13);Ⅲ组肿瘤病灶完全坏死率为78.7%(59/75),术后1个月AFP明显下降;术后1年生存率78.9%(45/57),2年生存率58.1%(18/31),3年生存率46.2%(12/26).结论对于术后复发的小肝癌CRFA的效果优于单纯瘤内无水酒精注射治疗,且术后复发的小肝癌肿瘤病灶是CRFA的最佳适应证;而对于直径大于3 cm的HCC复发肿瘤病灶,应采用包括射频消融、酒精注射以及肝动脉栓塞在内的综合治疗,以增强疗效和延长肝癌患者生存期.     

肝动脉栓塞化疗结合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌

目的：研究肝动脉栓塞化疗(HAC)结合射频消融(RFA)对不宜手术切除的原发性肝癌疗效。方法：选择18例临床不宜手术切除的原发性肝癌病例分为2组：A组(10例)仅接受HAC的治疗；B组(8例)为HAC加RFA治疗的病例．观察两组的疗效，并将它们与同期手术切除组(C组．31例)对比。结果：CT片示术后6个月A组肿瘤瘤体完全坏死率14％，B组为69％；AFP转阴率A组(37．5％)低于B组(71．4％)和C组(73．1％)；1年生存率A组50％明显低于B组75％和C组81％．B组与C组无显差异。结论：肝动脉栓塞结合射频消融治疗不宜手术切除肝癌疗效明显优于单纯肝动脉栓塞，并能取得相当手术切除的效果。     

超声造影对肝转移癌射频消融的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)在射频消融(RFA)治疗肝转移癌中的应用价值.方法 141例经临床及病理确诊并拟行RFA的肝转移癌患者,其中102例行CEUS检查,86例被确定符合RFA适应证(A组)为研究对象;同期RFA前未行CEUS检查的39例定为对照组(B组).根据造影灌注特征及病灶数目、大小、形态、浸润范围、位置、与周围结构关系等确定RFA适应证并制定方案进行治疗;B组根据常规超声及CT或MR诊断结果治疗.结果 102例CEUS后计16例确定为非RFA适应证,其中3例10个灶经6～10个疗程化疗后显示病灶内或周边无强化征象,考虑无活性;13例造影后显示病灶浸润范围大于8 cm或多于7个灶或紧邻膈顶、第二肝门等部位并分界不清等.A组中36例(41.9%)病灶增多1～3个(计58灶),大小约8～15 mm,其中79.4%(46/58个灶)仅在实质期显示,共计86例209个灶行RFA治疗;造影后49.7%(75/151灶)显示较原病灶范围增大,其中69.3%(52/75灶)在动脉期增强范围增大,30.7%(23/75灶)在廓清时弱回声范围增大,增大范围均被消融治疗.经1～3个月增强CT随访,肿瘤灭活率A组为94.7%(198/209),B组为87.6%(99/113);2～17个月局部复发A组为7.1%(15/209),B组为14.1%(16/113);A组37.2%(32/86例)出现新生转移灶,B组为43.5%(17/39例);两组灭活率及复发率差异均有统计学意义.结论 超声造影可为射频治疗肝转移癌适应证的选择和治疗范围的确定提供参考依据,从而有效提高疗效并降低复发率,是RFA治疗肝转移癌重要的辅助方法.     

肝细胞癌射频消融后局部肿瘤进展多因素分析

目的 探讨射频消融( radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)后局部肿瘤进展的危险因素,为进一步优化治疗提供依据.方法 回顾性分析246例患者343个肿瘤病灶行RFA规范化治疗的临床及随访资料,统计分析影响RFA局部疗效的相关因素.结果 肝细胞癌RFA治疗后局部肿瘤进展发生率为11.4％(39/343病灶),局部肿瘤进展发生的平均时间为12.0个月(3～28个月).单因素分析显示肿瘤大小、边界是否清晰、是否邻近血管、RFA前是否行超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)与射频后局部肿瘤进展相关;COX多因素分析获得的独立影响因素是:肿瘤大小(P＜0.001)、是否邻近血管(P ＜0.001)和RFA前是否CEUS(P=0.018).结论 肿瘤大小、是否邻近血管和RFA前是否CEUS是局部肿瘤进展的独立影响因素,此结果有助于采取相应措施和策略,提高RFA疗效.     

No-touch射频消融术治疗小肝癌的效果

目的:探究No-touch射频消融技术(No-touch radiofrequency ablation,No-touch-RFA)治疗小肝癌的效果。方法:选择2016年1月至2019年1月于许昌市中心医院就诊的小肝癌患者68例,按照手术方法的不同分为No-touch组(n=32)与传统射频组(n=36)。收集患者的一般资料、术前及术后生化指标[谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)],观察患者术后并发症发生情况,并随访2年,记录患者的总生存期、无瘤生存率及复发情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者的A FP均低于治疗前(P<0.05),两组间AFP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组ALT、TBIL、Alb与治疗前的差异无统计学意义,且两组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);No-touch组1年、2年总生存率分别为93.75%、87.50%,传统射频组1年、2年总生存率分别为80.56%、66.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);No-touch组1年、2年无瘤生存率为84.38%、71.88%;传统射频组1年、2年无瘤生存率分别为66.67%、47.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);No-touch组与传统射频组的1年复发率分别为15.63%、25.00%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);No-touch组与传统射频组的2年复发率分别37.50%、52.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);No-touch组的并发症发生率为3.13%,传统射频组为8.33%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:No-touch-RFA技术与传统射频消融技术均能降低AFP水平,而No-touch-RFA技术能提高患者的生存期。     

Thoracoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation of the Myocardium

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has been used for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT), however, in some patients VT might result from subepicardiai macroreentry that could be successfully terminated by epicardial approach. This study examined the feasibility of thoracoscopic RF ablation of myocardium from epicardium using a custom made electrode. In five mongrel dogs, the thoracoscope was introduced through the 7th intercostal space. A 500-kHz continuous wave RF energy was connected to a custom made multiple electrode probe. Under thoracoscopic guidance, the heart was exposed and the RF probe was introduced. RF ablation was performed on the nonvascular ventricular wall of the beating heart. The left ventricular free wall and right ventricular outflow tract were satisfactorily visualized and ablated. The total dose of RF energy ranged from 50 to 500 J. and the estimated volume of ablated lesions ranged from 41.0–799 mm³. There were significant correlations between the RF discharge output and the irradiated lesion volume (P < 0.01), and the depth of the lesions (P < 0.01). Grossly, after RF ablation the ventricular myocardium demonstrated a circular, well-demarcated area of thermal injury. Volume and depth of the lesion depended upon the total dose of delivered RF energy. Thoracoscopic RF ablation appears to be a minimally invasive and useful method for creating irradiated myocardial lesions from epicardial surface. This method could he technically feasible for the treatment of Vts for which endocardial RF ablation is ineffective.     

Pacemaker Function During Radiofrequency Ablation

There are increasing numbers of radiofrequency current ablation procedures being reported. Selected patients have antitachycardia or antibradycardia pacemakers. The pacemaker behavior during and after ablation procedures differs widely. We report on the pacemaker reaction of 25 patients with 13 different devices, most with unipolar electrodes. Sensing failures were observed in 8 (32.0%) and pacing failures in 4 (16.0%) patients. Prolonged pauses and induction of tachyarrhythmias were observed. No pacemaker damage was seen although it is reported by other investigators. We recommend deactivation of implanted generators and an external bipolar pacing electrode. Manufacturers should focus their attention on this problem and protect the generators and their functions for 500 kHz radiofrequency current.     

Delayed Success Following Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

Two patients who underwent attempted radiofrequency catheter ablation of an atrioventhcular accessory pathway experienced delayed abolition of pathway conduction. During the procedures there was transient block in the accessory pathway following multiple ablotion attempts at closely spaced sites. Both patients showed evidence of preexcitation at the conclusion of the ablation session but neither showed evidence of accessory pathway conduction during a second electrophysiological study. These observations demonstrate that in patients in whom transient block of the accessory pathway is produced, continued evolution of radiofrequency energy lesions may result in the eventual success of an initially unsuccessful ablation session.     

Aortic Leaflet Perforation During Radiofrequency Ablation

A 15-year-old girl underwent successful radio frequency ablation of an accessory pathway. Following ablation, a new III/VJ diastolic murmur was noted. Echocardiography revealed a perforated aortic leaflet, with a small amount of adherent valvular tissue and trivial aortic insufficiency fay color Doppler. The patient remains asymptomatic. We are not aware of any similar complication from electrophysiological study, catheter ablation, coronary angiography, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. We speculate that the current state of catheter technology contributed significantly to this complication. This case illustrates the need for using care in crossing the valve, continued advances in catheter technology to reduce the incidence of complications, and careful physical examination prior to and following attempts at ablation.