微生物燃料电池中阳极产电菌的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)是一种生物电化学混合系统,利用微生物的氧化代谢作用将有机物或者无机物中的能量转化为电能,具有节能、减少污泥生成及能量转换的突出优势,已引起广泛关注。其中,产电微生物是MFCs系统的核心组成部分,筛选及培养高效产电微生物对促进MFCs的产电性能具有重要作用。对产电微生物电子传递机制、产电微生物种类以及影响微生物产电的因素进行分析总结;综述了阳极产电微生物的最新研究进展;最后,从微生物角度展望了阳极产电微生物未来的研究方向,以期为产电微生物在MFCs中的应用提供指导和支持。     

微生物燃料电池处理渗滤液的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)是一种利用微生物将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的理想产电装置,具有产电与废弃物处置双重功效。为探究渗滤液MFCs处置的发展趋势,简述了MFCs的原理、特点和分类,总结了该技术在渗滤液处置过程中的研究进展,提出今后渗滤液MFCs处置研究将主要集中于三方面:①微生物,阳极优势微生物的选育与驯化富集;②交换膜,寻找价格低廉、性能高的交换膜;③阴极催化剂,研制高效、稳定且廉价的阴极催化剂。     

利用藻类构建微生物燃料电池研究进展

随着全球能源短缺及环境恶化的进一步加剧,寻找可持续发展的绿色新能源技术成为各国关注的焦点,利用藻类构建的微生物燃料电池（MFCs）作为一种新兴的可持续发展技术,真正做到节能环保,一举多得。本文综述了利用藻类构建MFCs的研究现状,以藻类在微生物电池中的不同作用为出发点,介绍了以藻类为阳极基质、阳极及阴极时电池的工作机理,结合不同类型电池对藻种的选择情况,阐述了藻类构建MFCs的产电效果,回顾了藻类构建MFCs对水体污染物的去除效能,分析了影响MFCs产电效能的主要环境因素,并从经济效益、产业化、产电效率几个方面对目前藻类构建MFCs存在的问题进行了总结,同时对后期的研究进行了展望,以期为日后利用藻类构建MFCs的研究与实际工程提供理论参考。     

促进微生物胞外电子转移的纳米材料研究进展

胞外电子转移（EET）是产电微生物在代谢过程中将自身产生的电子转移到外部电子受体的过程，然而较缓慢的胞外电子转移速率显著影响了微生物燃料电池（MFCs）的产电性能，提高胞外电子转移的效率对推动微生物燃料电池的大规模应用具有重要意义。纳米材料具备优异的导电性、稳定性以及生物相容性，对改善阳极与产电微生物之间的电子传递速率具有重要作用。该文综述了胞外电子转移的主要路径，阐述了不同种类的纳米材料在促进胞外电子转移过程中的机理和其对应的MFCs产电性能，并展望了纳米材料强化微生物EET过程在微生物电化学技术利用方面的研究前景。     

土壤微生物燃料电池的研究进展及展望

微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cells,MFCs）是一种利用产电微生物将化学能直接转化为电能的技术,其在运行期间不消耗外界能量且无二次污染,日益得到人们的广泛关注。土壤因富含有机质和庞大的微生物种群,是产电微生物的“天然培养基”。近几年来,以土壤为基质的MFCs在产电、土壤污染评价和修复等方面展现了较大的研究潜能和应用前景。本文全面介绍了目前MFCs在土壤产电、有机污染物降解、重金属污染治理、温室气体减排以及生物传感器等方面的应用研究;总结了目前土壤MFCs研究中应用的反应器构型、电极和产电微生物种群;在此基础上提出了以土壤为基质的MFCs在研究及应用过程中存在的主要问题,并对其研究前景进行展望。     

土壤微生物燃料电池的研究进展及展望

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs)是一种利用产电微生物将化学能直接转化为电能的技术,其在运行期间不消耗外界能量且无二次污染,日益得到人们的广泛关注。土壤因富含有机质和庞大的微生物种群,是产电微生物的"天然培养基"。近几年来,以土壤为基质的MFCs在产电、土壤污染评价和修复等方面展现了较大的研究潜能和应用前景。本文全面介绍了目前MFCs在土壤产电、有机污染物降解、重金属污染治理、温室气体减排以及生物传感器等方面的应用研究;总结了目前土壤MFCs研究中应用的反应器构型、电极和产电微生物种群;在此基础上提出了以土壤为基质的MFCs在研究及应用过程中存在的主要问题,并对其研究前景进行展望。     

循环伏安扫描对微生物燃料电池启动和产电性能的影响

微生物燃料电池（MFCs）的启动及产电性能直接影响其应用于对实际废水的处理。以屠宰厂废水为基质研究了循环伏安扫描对单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池启动和产电性能的影响。结果表明：经过24 h CV扫描的MFCs其启动时间比常规电阻（1000 Ω）直接启动的MFCs缩短了71.4%（从420 h缩短至120 h）,MFCs最大功率密度提高了21.5%,达到37.8 W·m^-3。通过电极生物量测定和生物膜表面形貌观察发现,经CV扫描的阳极生物量显著提高且生物膜的产电菌占优势是MFCs性能提高的主要原因。说明CV扫描不断促进产电菌在阳极表面的吸附,而且增加产电微生物的生长速度。这一技术为发展MFCs的快速启动和提升MFCs的产电性能提供了新思路。     

微生物燃料电池技术及其应用研究进展

介绍了微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs)技术原理、材料、产电微生物,分析了MFCs应用领域及其限制因素,综述了MFCs的最新研究状况,最后对MFCs的未来发展前景进行了展望。     

循环伏安扫描对微生物燃料电池启动和产电性能的影响

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)的启动及产电性能直接影响其应用于对实际废水的处理。以屠宰厂废水为基质研究了循环伏安扫描对单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池启动和产电性能的影响。结果表明:经过24 h CV扫描的MFCs其启动时间比常规电阻(1000?)直接启动的MFCs缩短了71.4%(从420 h缩短至120 h),MFCs最大功率密度提高了21.5%,达到37.8 W·m~(-3)。通过电极生物量测定和生物膜表面形貌观察发现,经CV扫描的阳极生物量显著提高且生物膜的产电菌占优势是MFCs性能提高的主要原因。说明CV扫描不断促进产电菌在阳极表面的吸附,而且增加产电微生物的生长速度。这一技术为发展MFCs的快速启动和提升MFCs的产电性能提供了新思路。     

同步废水处理及产电的微生物燃料电池研究进展

同步废水水处理及产电的微生物燃料电池是利用生物催化剂直接把化学能转化为电能,具有能量转化率高、污泥产率低、反应条件温和等优点。本文阐述了微生物燃料电池的工作原理及电子传递机理,综述了其最新的研究进展,并对微生物燃料电池在污水处理领域的发展方向作了展望。     

Recent advances in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for wastewater treatment,bioenergy and bioproducts

Bioenergy is a renewable energy that plays an indispensable role in meeting today's ever increasing energy needs. Unlike biofuels, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) convert energy harvested from redox reactions directly into bioelectricity. MFCs can utilize low‐grade organic carbons (fuels) in waste streams. The oxidation of the fuel molecules requires biofilm catalysis. In recent years, MFCs have also been used in the electrolysis mode to produce bioproducts in laboratory tests. MFCs research has intensified in the past decade and the maximum MFCs power density output has been increased greatly and many types of waste streams have been tested. However, new breakthroughs are needed for MFCs to be practical in wastewater treatment and power generation beyond powering small sensor devices. To reduce capital and operational costs, simple and robust membrane‐less MFCs reactors are desired, but these reactors require highly efficient biofilms. Newly discovered conductive cell aggregates, improved electron transport through hyperpilation via mutation or genetic recombination and other advances in biofilm engineering present opportunities. This review is an update on the recent advances on MFCs designs and operations. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物燃料电池研究和应用方面的最新进展

微生物燃料电池是一种利用微生物的催化作用将化学能转变为电能的生物装置。微生物燃料电池在作为可替代性能源、新颖的污水处理方法以及氧和污染物的生物传感器等方面具有较大的潜能,但仍需进一步优化。本文确定了限制微生物燃料电池应用操作的几种因素,并在其性能提高方面进行了探讨。     

Multilayered hollow polyelectrolyte capsules improved performances in microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectronics devices that can directly convert the chemical energy from organic matter to electricity from the catalytic activity of living microorganisms. A number of factors influence the performance of MFCs, such as anode materials and surface structure. In this paper, α-Fe₂O₃ nanorods were used as shell material to fabricate multilayered hollow polyelectrolyte capsules based on a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The capsules were used as anode materials in MFCs, which can enlarge the contacting area between the bacteria and the anode. According to the results, this modification strategy produced a higher level of electricity output compared with the bare anode method, and the MFC with the two-bilayer film anode produced a much higher current level, which is consistent with our previous report. In addition, the quantity of bacteria attached to the (PAH/PSS)₄/(PAH/Fe₂O₃)₂/PAH/ITO electrode was much greater than with the other methods. The electrode modified with the hollow capsules is promising for the development of MFCs in the future.     

Inocula selection in microbial fuel cells based on anodic biofilm abundance of Geobacter sulfurreducens

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)rely on microbial conversion of organic substrates to electricity.The optimal performance depends on the establishment of a microbial community rich in electrogenic bacteria.Usually this microbial community is established from inoculation of the MFC anode chamber with naturally occurring mixed inocula.In this study,the electrochemical performance of MFCs and microbial community evolution were evaluated for three inocula including domestic wastewater(DW),lake sediment(LS)and biogas sludge(BS)with varying substrate loading(L_(sub))and external resistance(R_(ext))on the MFC.The electrogenic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens was identified in all inocula and its abundance during MFC operation was positively linked to the MFC performance.The LS inoculated MFCs showed highest abundance(18% ± 1%)of G.sulfurreducens,maximum current density [I_(max)=(690 ± 30)m A·m~(-2)] and coulombic efficiency(CE = 29% ± 1%)with acetate as the substrate.Imaxand CE increased to(1780 ± 30)m A·m~(-2)and 58% ± 1%,respectively,after decreasing the R_(ext) from 1000 Ω to 200 Ω,which also correlated to a higher abundance of G.sulfurreducens(21% ± 0.7%)on the MFC anodic biofilm.The data obtained contribute to understanding the microbial community response to Lsub and R_(ext)for optimizing electricity generation in MFCs.     

Microbial fuel cells come of age

OVERVIEW: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an emerging technology which directly converts chemical energy stored in organic matter to electricity. Driven by the increasing concern over the energy–climate crisis and environment pollution, MFCs have been developed rapidly in the past decade. Currently, MFCs are making the challenging step from laboratory to practical application. This paper focuses on MFC patents and the applications of MFCs. IMPACT: MFCs make it possible to directly exploit bio‐electricity from organic wastes with a higher energy transforming efficiency than other traditional technologies. The wide application of MFCs will significantly reduce the energy dependence on fossil fuel as well as the relative problems of climate and environmental pollution. APPLICATIONS: MFCs have been deployed in various practical environments, such as wastewater treatment plants, seafloor, etc. The electricity generated by MFCs has been used to charge low power devices. More applications have been funded or are to be undertaken. The successful pilot applications of MFCs promise a bright future for this technology. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry