高能球磨工艺对CNTs／Cu复合粉末与材料性能影响

采用卧式高能球磨和机械合金化工艺制备了纳米碳管增强铜基（CNTs／Cu）复合粉体,并采用真空冷压烧结制备出CNTs／Cu复合材料,研究了高能球磨工艺参数对复合粉体与材料性能的影响规律,包括球磨时间和搅拌轴转速对复合粉体粒度、松装密度以及力学性能的影响,结果表明,高能球磨技术有利于CNTs与铜的界面结合和机械合金化。高能球磨的最佳工艺条件：搅拌轴线速度4．2／5．4m／s,球磨时间2～4h,得到的CNTs／Cu复合粉体的中位径为11．76μm,松装密度为1．356g／cm3。CNTs／Cu复合材料的致密度到达94％,硬度到达92HB,抗拉强度到达138Mpa。     

低温燃烧合成 Al2O3-LaPO4复合粉体及其陶瓷性能研究

以Al（NO3）3、LaPO4和柠檬酸为原料，采用低温燃烧方法合成Al2O3-LaPO4复合粉体．在相同热压烧结条件下，ALC50（采用燃烧法合成的复合粉体）相对密度比ALM50（采用球磨混合的复合粉体）提高2．5％，达到98．5％．断口形貌分析显示ALC50中晶粒（平均0．56μm）明显比ALM50中晶粒（平均L74μm）细化．ALC50的强度、韧性分别比ALM50增加11．1％、11．2％，而硬度基本相同．由于弱界面的增加，ALC50钻孔速率比ALM50提高近50％．     

纳米Al2O3p/Cu复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米Al2O3p/Cu复合材料粉体,复合粉体经过压制、烧结和挤压后成为铜复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、电导仪等测试方法,研究了球磨后的复合粉体和复合材料显微结构、电导率和硬度.实验证明,粉体经过2h以上球磨后,Al2O3相逐渐消失,复合粉体为纳米晶结构,晶粒直径66～87nm.随着Al2O3粉体含量增加,铜复合材料的电导率显著下降.烧结后挤压有利于复合材料导电性能的提高.当Al2O3粉体含量1wt%、球磨6h时,烧结后重新挤压的复合材料试样电导率IACS 76%、硬度HB 83.8.     

高能球磨法制备的CNTs/Al-5%Mg复合材料的力学性能及断裂特性

采用高能球磨法制备了不同质量分数碳纳米管(CNTs)与Al-5%Mg(质量分数)粉末的复合粉末,用热压烧结工艺制备了CNTs/Al-5%Mg复合材料。结果表明:高能球磨法可以将CNTs均匀的分散到基体中,并与其产生良好结合;CNTs具有细化复合粉末晶粒尺寸的作用,当CNTs含量为3%时,复合粉末的平均晶粒尺寸达到最小值为63.6nm,继续增加CNTs的含量,复合粉末平均晶粒尺寸增大;当CNTs含量为2%时,复合材料的抗拉强度和硬度达到最大值,与基体材料相比分别提高了42.39%和36.5%;CNTs/Al-5%Mg复合材料的强化机制为细晶强化和载荷传递。     

高能球磨粉末冶金制备工艺对15%SiCp/2009Al复合材料性能的影响

采用高能球磨粉末冶金法制备了15%SiC_p/2009Al复合材料,研究了球磨转速、球磨时间、加热抽真空工艺、热压成型以及热挤压比对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,球磨转速和时间、热压成型工艺是影响复合材料力学性能的重要因素。较长时间高转速球磨使SiC颗粒均匀分布,高温真空热压改善粉末之间的结合是获得高性能复合材料的关键。转速190 r/min、球磨6 h制备的复合粉末经高温真空热压、挤压后的复合材料SiC颗粒均匀分布,材料的抗拉强度高达650 MPa,延伸率大于5%。      

W-Cu纳米晶粉体的制备及表征

采用机械舍金化技术制备了W-20％Cu和W-50％Cu纳米晶粉体，通过XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对机械舍佥化过程中W-Cu纳米晶复合粉的组成、晶格常数、晶粒尺寸和形貌结构进行了表征与分析。结果表明，W-20％Cu混合粉经过高能球磨，Cu元素完全固溶进w晶格中，形成W（Cu）固溶体；W-50％Cu复合粉经过高能球磨，形成W（Cu）和Cu（W）两种固溶体。W、Cu的合金化主要是依靠高能球磨过程中产生的大量纳米晶界和高密度的缺陷（位错、层错等）促使W、Cu之间的固溶。W-Cu复合粉的晶格常数和晶粒尺寸随着球磨时间的延长而减小，球磨一定时间后，都趋于稳定。球磨20h后，W-20％Cu和W-50％Cu复合粉中W（Cu）的晶粒尺寸分别为6．6和8．0nm。     

低质量分数石墨烯掺杂铝复合材料的制备研究

采用乙醇超声分散和机械球磨法制备了石墨烯掺杂铝复合粉体,然后通过氩气气体保护热压烧结制备了石墨烯质量分数为0.5%的石墨烯掺杂铝复合材料。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、EDS、Raman激光光谱等分析了复合粉体及复合材料微观形貌,研究了不同石墨烯掺杂铝混合粉体的球磨时间对复合材料微观结构的影响。结果表明,较佳的球磨时间为3h。制备的低质量分数石墨烯掺杂铝复合材料组织致密,石墨烯均匀分散在铝基体中,石墨烯保持较好的微结构特征,该复合材料具有广泛的应用前景。     

SiCw增强B4C陶瓷复合材料的制备与性能研究

以Si粉为烧结助剂,采用真空热压烧结工艺制备B4C-SiCw陶瓷复合材料.将不同含量的SiCw与B4C和Si混合,制得的复合粉体在1850℃、60MPa下真空热压烧结,研究了SiCw含量对复合材料力学性能的影响,并借助X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析了复合材料的物相组成和微观结构.研究结果表明:分散处理后的SiCw可以有效地提高复合材料的力学性能,当晶须含量为10％(质量分数)时,弯曲强度和断裂韧性达到最大值,分别为468 MPa和5.70 MPa·m1/2.复合材料中SiCw的拔出使复合材料的弯曲强度及断裂韧性得以提高.     

高活性B_4C-SiC超细复合粉体的制备及烧结

以B4C、SiC粗粉为原料,采用机械合金化制备高活性的B4C-SiC超细复合粉体。通过XRD、SEM、LPSA和IR等测试技术研究球料比、过程控制剂及球磨时间对复合粉体性能的影响,确定机械合金化制备B4C-SiC超细复合粉体的最佳工艺条件,研究机械合金化过程中粉体有序-无序转变过程。随后,采用热压烧结工艺验证复合粉体的烧结活性。结果表明:球磨机转速是250 r/min的条件下,球料比为30:1,过程控制剂为2wt%,球磨时间为120 h时,可获得晶格无序的B4C-50wt%SiC超细复合粉体;该复合粉体在1900℃,30 MPa热压条件下烧结1 h,其体积密度为2.62 g/cm3,达到理论密度的93%,比普通混合粉体在相同热压条件下获得样品的致密度提高了8.1%;机械合金化工艺制备的B4C-SiC超细复合粉体具有极高的烧结活性。     

WC-20％Co复合粉的制备及其放电等离子烧结的研究

利用放电等离子烧结技术将WO3、Co3O4和碳黑的高能球磨混合粉经真空还原碳化后合成的WC-20％（质量分数）Co复合粉烧结为致密的高钴WC-Co硬质合金材料。研究了制备复合粉的工艺和放电等离子烧结过程以及制备合佥的相组成、显微组织、物理和力学性能。实验表明，高能球磨粉在真空条件下原位还原碳化反应得到物相纯净的超细复合粉，此后复合粉在1190～1210℃SPS烧结成致密块体材料。通过SEM观察发现，由于经1200℃液相烧结，溶解析出的WC相发生粗化，呈板状晶，平均宽度400nm，长度1μm；钴相均匀分布在WC相周围，无钴池形成。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.