核孔膜乳化法制备单分散壳聚糖微球

选择壳聚糖溶液为分散相,液体石蜡为连续相,首次采用核孔膜乳化方法制备壳聚糖微球.乳滴经戊二醛交联固化后所得微球球形度和单分散性良好(分散系数＜20%).主要研究了核孔膜孔径大小、油水相体积比、表面活性剂种类及用量、温度和固化时间对微球制备的影响.结果表明,膜乳化法是制备单分散微球的良好方法.     

乳液聚合合成单分散纳米级PMMA微球

采用乳液聚合法制备了单分散性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）纳米微球,分析了聚合过程中不同单体滴加时间、不同表面活性剂用量、不同引发剂用量以及不同引发剂种类等因素对聚合体系中微球的粒径以及粒径分布的影响,研究表明,PMMA微球的粒径随单体滴加时间、表面活性剂用量、引发剂用量的增加而减小;采用AIBN引发剂制备的微球的粒径较采用KPS引发剂大。     

载药壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及其释放研究

实验采用乳化交联法,使用复合交联剂(先用甲醛交联,再用戊二醛交联),制得盐酸四环素壳聚糖缓释微球,并考察不同分子量的壳聚糖、原料质量比、交联剂用量、复合交联剂用量、搅拌速度对微球的影响,筛选出最佳条件制备出戢药微球,并研究了该微球在扫描电镜和倒置式研究型显微镜下的形态及其在pH=7.4,温度为37℃时的释放规律.结果表明,采用复合交联剂的乳化交联法所制得的微球球形好,粒径分布为5～50μm之间,载药量为26.9%,包封率为56.3%,并且具有良好的缓释效果.     

具有双相选择吸附性能的淀粉基微球的制备

为了获得一种具有孔道和微孔腔结构的淀粉基微球。首先使用丙烯酸的钠盐与环氧氯丙烷反应制备活性醚化剂,活性醚化剂与可溶性淀粉进行接枝反应,采用悬浮自由基聚合法制备了具有孔道和微孔腔结构的可实现双相选择吸附的淀粉基微球。讨论了聚合反应过程中反应时间、搅拌速度以及油水体积比对微球平均粒径的影响。研究发现,聚合反应过程中,最佳反应时间为2.5h,最佳搅拌速度为600r/min,最佳油水体积比为5∶1,在最佳反应条件下获得淀粉基微球的平均粒径为35μm左右。     

利用双重乳液法制备蜂窝状聚砜空心微球

通过W/O/W型双重乳液法制备蜂窝状聚砜(PSF)空心微球。研究了油相表面活性剂的类型、油水比及准备温度的影响。结果表明,油相表面活性剂的类型是决定PSF微球形貌的主要因素;第二次乳化的油水比影响微球的形成;准备温度能有效地控制微球表面孔的多少。     

乳化／内部凝胶化工艺制备海藻酸钙凝胶微球的研究

从乳化/内部凝胶化制备海藻酸钙凝胶微球的机理入手,系统考察了制备工艺参数如油水比、表面活性剂添加量、碳酸钙添加量和冰乙酸添加量对海藻酸钙凝胶微球的球形度、粒径大小及分布、产率的影响规律.通过对该工艺参数的优化,能够制备出球形度良好,产率在85%以上,粒径分布均一的海藻酸钙凝胶微球.     

单分散聚甲基硅氧烷微球的制备研究

采用沉淀聚合方法以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为原料,制备微米级聚甲基硅氧烷微球,其粒径呈单分散性分布。研究了反应体系中油水质量比(MTMS与去离子水质量比)、反应温度、搅拌频率、催化溶液pH等对聚甲基硅氧烷微球粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明:随着油水质量比和搅拌频率的提高,聚甲基硅氧烷微球粒径增加,粒径分布变宽;而反应温度的提高和催化溶液pH的增加使聚甲基硅氧烷微球粒径变小,粒径分布变窄。     

磁性聚乙烯醇微球的制备及其性质

采用分散聚合法，在Fe3O4磁流体存在下，通过PVA分子单体共聚制备磁性高分子微球。用透射电镜和X射线对磁流体的形貌、粒径进行表征和衍射分析，同时借助于显微拍照和红外光谱，对磁性微球的微观形貌和化学成分进行了研究。通过对比磁性微球的磁响应性及粒径，研究了反应温度、搅拌速度、聚乙烯醇用量、盐酸用量等操作因素对磁性微球性质的影响。结果表明，在70℃操作温度、750r／min的搅拌速度，5ml9％PVA和0．5ml37%盐酸条件下能制备出粒径在8～44μm之间、具有良好磁响应性、表面富含羟基和羧基等官能团的磁性聚乙烯醇微球。     

载银壳聚糖微球的制备及其抗菌性研究

采用乳化交联法制备出载银壳聚糖微球,考察了壳聚糖相对分子质量、乳化剂用量、油水比和硝酸银浓度对微球形貌和载银量、包封率的影响,并通过抑菌圈实验对其抗菌性能进行了评价。结果表明:较低相对分子质量的壳聚糖有利于微球制备,而且所得的粒径较小,其粒径介于1～3μm,载银量可高至256 mg/g,银的包封率可达66.8%。抗菌试验结果表明,无银壳聚糖微球对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑菌性,加载银后的微球则具有极为显著的抗菌效果。     

乳化交联法制备聚乙烯醇微球的工艺研究

采用乳化交联法,以含有表面活性剂的植物油为连续相(油相),聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液为分散相(水相),戊二醛为交联剂,盐酸为催化剂,制备了PVA微球.利用FT-IR、SEM及粒度分析仪等设备对微球的组成、形貌及粒径分布进行了测试,并考察了几种关键工艺参数对微球制备的影响.结果表明,在PVA溶液浓度为5％,表面活性剂采用2 g脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span 80),乳化温度为50℃,1mol/L稀盐酸催化戊二醛交联的条件下,可以获得球形规整、表面光滑且分散性好的PVA微球.粒径分析结果显示,所得PVA微球的平均粒径约为25 μm,且分布在15～45 μm范围内的微球约占其总量的80％.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.