温度敏感葡聚糖凝胶的合成及其细胞相容性研究

合成了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAAm）与葡聚糖的共聚水凝胶，利用红外光谱表征了单体和凝胶结构，研究了水凝胶在去离子水和细胞培养基中的温度响应性，并对凝胶进行了细胞培养和脱附研究．结果表明，共聚凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性和细胞相容性，可以通过控制温度变化，实现对细胞的无损伤脱附．     

γ-聚谷氨酸温敏凝胶的合成及其生物相容性研究

通过自由基共聚合方法成功制备了γ-聚谷氨酸温敏凝胶P(γ-PGA-co-NIPAAm),研究发现r=0.05、0.10和PNIPAAm凝胶分别在33.1,33.6和32.5℃处发生可逆的温度相转变行为。与PNIPAAm凝胶相比,共聚凝胶更利于L929的细胞粘附和增殖,表明引入聚谷氨酸利于L929细胞的生长。通过控制温度变化,细胞从凝胶表面自动脱附,其活性大于PNIPAAm凝胶表面自动脱附和从TCPS板上通过酶解法得到的细胞的生物活性。     

可注射型海藻酸钙-壳聚糖复合材料的凝胶性能研究

将海藻酸钠滴入壳聚糖和氯化钙的混合溶液中反应合成了海藻酸钙/壳聚糖(SA/CS)复合水凝胶材料,采用IR和SEM对其进行表征.讨论了壳聚糖分子量和含量对复合凝胶材料凝胶可注射性的影响.结果表明,复合材料中SA和CS存在分子间作用力;凝胶表面分布着同格,内部呈多孔结构}壳聚糖对复合凝胶的可注射性有明显的影响.     

印迹改性磁性交联壳聚糖的表征及吸附性能

为了提高壳聚糖（CS）对Pb²⁺的去除能力,制备了印迹改性磁性交联壳聚糖（Pb-TMCS）,采用FTIR、SEM和XRD对其结构和形态进行了表征,研究了Pb-TMCS对Pb²⁺的吸附、脱附性能及选择性。结果表明：与CS相比,Pb-TMCS的表面孔隙和褶皱增多;Pb-TMCS引入了更多的-OH和-NH₂;Pb-TMCS内部包覆磁性物质Fe₃O₄,Pb-TMCS对 CS的相对选择性系数大于2;Pb-TMCS对Pb²⁺的吸附量从CS的25.57 mg/g提高到45.26 mg/g,脱附3次后仍可重复使用。Pb-TMCS回收方便,对Pb²⁺选择吸附性能好,无污染,在重金属废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

羟基磷灰石接枝壳聚糖表面改性及其复合水凝胶的生物相容性

用壳聚糖修饰HA表面制备HA-接枝-壳聚糖纳米羟基磷灰石(HA-g-CS),然后将其与壳聚糖共混制成CS/HA-g-CS复合水凝胶。FTIR、TGA、XRD的测试结果表明,CS已经成功地接枝到HA的表面,接枝率为15.8%;SEM结果表明,HA-g-CS在CS基体的分散性相对于HA得到明显的改善,且CS/HA-g-CS比CS/HA复合水凝胶的抗压强度提高了43%。CS/HA-gCS生物相容性评价的结果表明,材料的细胞毒性和植入安全性均达到了国家标准要求。这表明,CS/HA-g-CS复合水凝胶可作为一种优良的支架材料应用于组织工程领域。     

温敏性三元共聚水凝胶溶胀及消溶胀行为

采用自由基溶液聚合法,室温下制备了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-壳聚糖-co-甲基丙烯酸)[P(NIPAM-co-CS-co-MAA)]三元共聚水凝胶,以红外光谱及质量法对凝胶结构和溶胀性进行了表征。结果表明,高交联凝胶溶胀符合non-Fickian扩散;温度高于35℃时溶胀的共聚凝胶均发生明显收缩;相同甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和壳聚糖(CS)单体用量,MAA对凝胶溶胀和消溶胀影响大于CS。不同pH溶液中的溶胀碱性时比酸性条件下更大,pH=5.0左右较差,显示与传统甲基丙烯酸系水凝胶不同的pH敏感性,其消溶胀动力学满足一级动力学方程。     

介孔铝酸钴的溶胶－凝胶法合成与表征

采用嵌段聚合物P123为表面活性剂，以氯化铝和氯化钴为无机先驱物，采用溶胶－凝胶法合成介孔铝酸钴纳米粒子。X射线衍射（XRD）表明样品具有单一的尖晶石型结构，利用氮气吸附－脱附比表面测定仪测得不同焙烧温度样品的比表面积，发现700℃焙样品比表面积最大，其比表面积为59．3E／g，孔径为10．8nm。紫外可见光谱仪测示表...     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/壳聚糖水凝胶涂层改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的制备及其性能研究

将丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、壳聚糖(CS)配制成整理液，以浸渍的方式涂覆于商用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔滤膜表面，使丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺共聚，并与壳聚糖一同在膜表面形成水凝胶涂层，从而制得P(AA-co-AM)/CS水凝胶涂层改性PVDF膜。利用扫描电子显微镜与傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对膜的表面形貌与结构进行表征，并对膜的水接触角、水下油接触角、纯水通量与分离效率进行测定，此外，还对膜的抗菌性能进行研究。结果表明：所制备的改性膜具有良好的亲水性与水下疏油性，与未改性膜相比，改性膜对油水乳液、金属离子、有机染料的分离效率均有一定程度的提升。此外，改性膜具有良好的抗菌效果，能够在接触时间仅为1min时杀死所有接种的金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠杆菌。     

壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石表面修饰聚己内酯多孔骨支架的制备及性能

采用选择性激光烧结技术构建多孔聚己内酯(PCL)骨支架,用原位合成的方法制得壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石(CS/HA)悬浮液,并采用真空浸泡、低速离心和冷冻凝胶的方法使CS/HA黏附在PCL支架的表面,以改善骨支架的生物相容性和细胞增殖活性。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测复合支架的物相和形貌,测量支架的压缩强度和杨氏模量,测量支架表面的水接触角,并通过体外细胞实验研究复合支架的生物学性能。实验结果表明,原位合成的方法制得了羟基磷灰石(HA);CS/HA凝胶与PCL骨支架表面黏附良好;CS/HA改善了PCL支架表面的亲水性,提升了骨支架的生物相容性和细胞增殖活性。     

壳聚糖包裹CdTe的物理表征及生物毒性研究

选用天然多糖中唯一的碱性多糖-壳聚糖作为稳定剂和包裹剂,成功地在水相中以温和条件合成了粒径小小于10nm的壳聚糖包裹cdTe纳米粒子（CdTe／CS）和壳聚糖微球包裹的CdTe纳米粒子（CdTel／CSMs）,对两种纳米粒子物理表征显示,二者均具有较好的光学性质稳定、发射峰峰位分布范围宽、紫外吸收光谱宽且连续的特点。相比ECdTe的毒性,CdTe／CS和cdTe,CsMs纳米粒子的细胞毒性有明显降低,且生物相容性强,可以应用在生物医学检验、细胞成像,甚至活体研究中。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.