重型车长寿命制动鼓的开发

对重型车制动鼓开裂问题进行了分析,研究表明:(1)重型车制动鼓产生开裂的原因是制动鼓工作温度高,摩擦部位截面存在大的热应力,以及制动鼓材料导热性不足;(2)铸件材料牌号达到HT250并且铸件本体强度190～230 N/mm2,制动鼓强度已足够,使用中不会因为制动鼓强度不足产生开裂问题。试验表明:HT250制动鼓的w(C)量从3.30%提高到3.40%～3.70%,适当加入合金元素,大大改善了制动鼓的抗热裂能力,提高了制动效能,解决了重型车制动鼓使用过程出现的开裂、摩擦面硬斑等失效问题,提高了汽车的安全性。     

汽车制动鼓的失效分析

随着汽车载重和速度的增加,使得所需要的制动鼓材料应当发展同时具有高强度、高抗热疲劳性和良好的硬度.通过对失效的江淮某汽车制动鼓取样分析,其失效原因:①材料强度、硬度过低,制动鼓出现磨痕台阶和轴向裂纹;②在制动时发生组织转变,进一步促使网状裂纹的产生.     

高强度D型石墨铸铁的研究进展

综述了灰铸铁中产生D型石墨的原因，D型石墨对灰铸铁性能的影响以及D型石墨灰铸铁的应用。国内外的研究表明：深过冷，在灰铸铁中加入提高过冷度的合金元素（钛，铝，锑，碲，稀土元素等）或者二者的结合都会促进生成D型石墨；D型石墨灰铸铁具有较高的强度，较好的抗氧化性，抗生长性，抗热疲劳性和耐磨性；D型石墨灰铸铁已经广泛用于生产玻璃模具，压缩机缸体，压缩机曲轴等铸件。笔者还介绍了采用钒钛生铁生产的D型石墨合金铸铁凸轮轴的性能特点及其应用情况。     

特大型汽车制动鼓的铸造

汽车制动鼓属汽车零件中的安全、易损件。各种类型汽车制动鼓的铸件结构大同小异 ,中小型汽车制动鼓 ,材质为HT2 0 0或HT2 5 0。我厂生产的特大型汽车制动鼓铸件质量为32 0kg。材料标准要求相当于GB94 39- 88的HT30 0 ,抗拉强度≥ 2 76MPa。同时要达到美国机动车辆灰铸铁件标准 (ANSI/ASTM 15 9- 83) ,按牌号G35 0 0C要求 ,抗拉强度≥ 2 4 5MPa ,硬度HB2 0 7～2 5 5 ,含碳量≥ 3.5 % ,显微组织为A型石墨 3～ 5级 ,基体为珠光体 +铁素体或碳化物≤ 5 %。要求化学成分w为 :≥ 3.5 %C ;1.3%～ 1.8%Si;0 .6 %～ 0 .9%Mn ;0 .12 %S ;…     

Sn对蠕墨铸铁组织与抗热疲劳性能的影响

研究了Sn含量对汽车制动鼓用蠕墨铸铁中蠕墨数量、形态、基体组织以及抗热疲劳性能的影响规律。结果表明,Sn可以明显改变蠕铁中的珠光体含量,对蠕化率无明显影响,可以改变蠕铁热疲劳性能。Sn含量为0.06%(质量分数,下同)时,珠光体含量最高为95%,片层间距为0.07μm。Sn含量增加时,石墨轴比率逐渐上升,石墨变得细长且分叉增多。在20~600℃循环条件下,含0.06%Sn时蠕铁的热疲劳裂纹长度最短,抗热疲劳性能最好。     

等温淬火对含Sn蠕墨铸铁组织及抗热疲劳性能的影响

研究了不同等温淬火温度(270℃、320℃、370℃、420℃)和时间(0.5 h、1.5 h、2.5 h、3.5 h)对汽车制动鼓用含Sn蠕墨铸铁抗热疲劳性能的影响。试样850℃×0.5 h奥氏体化后,进行等温淬火和热疲劳试验。淬火后的组织分析表明,蠕铁基体组织为奥铁体,石墨的数量和形态无明显变化。等温淬火温度和时间能够影响蠕铁抗热疲劳性能,在20~600℃循环条件下,270℃×0.5 h处理后的蠕铁试样的裂纹扩展增长量最短,长度为0.84 mm,抗热疲劳性能最好。     

石墨形态及合金元素对铸铁抗热疲劳性能的影响

对石墨形态、合金元素等对铸铁抗热疲劳性能的影响进行了研究。加入提高抗氧化性的合金元素可显著提高铸铁的抗热疲劳性能。从首次产生裂纹的循环次数、裂纹扩展速度及变形量等综合考虑,蠕铁的抗热疲劳性能最好。     

上限温度对高SiMo蠕墨铸铁抗热疲劳性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜等手段,研究了高SiMo蠕铁在不同热疲劳试验上限温度T_(max)(600℃、700℃、800℃、900℃)下的微观组织以及抗热疲劳性能。结果表明,随着上限温度升高,珠光体以及(FeMo)3C加速消失,残留的(FeMo)3C会明显促进热疲劳裂纹的产生,并使裂纹扩展方式发生变化,导致蠕铁抗热疲劳性能下降。T_(max)为600~800℃时,主裂纹的扩展路径是优先沿着蠕虫状石墨长轴扩展,其次顺带连接沿线已萌生裂纹的球墨或者(FeMo)3C。T_(max)为900℃时,主裂纹的扩展路径是沿着蠕虫状石墨长轴方向扩展的同时,沿垂直方向以龟裂加宽,顺带连接球状石墨和孔洞,且裂纹带较宽,导致高SiMo蠕铁的抗热疲劳性能急剧恶化。     

基于ProCAST的汽车制动鼓消失模铸造工艺优化

针对汽车制动鼓铸件在实际生产中存在的缩孔、缩松问题,通过ProCAST软件对制动鼓消失模铸造工艺进行数值模拟,分析了铸件温度场对铸件缩松缩孔缺陷的影响,并对消失模铸造汽车制动鼓工艺方案进行了优化。结果表明,采用底部注入式浇注系统,液态金属在充型过程中均匀平稳并且能够充满铸型型腔,通过在铸件顶部加环形冒口以及增加铸件顶部内壁壁厚,可以有效地改善凝固过程中的温度场,降低铸件出现缩松、缩孔的几率,使缩松、缩孔缺陷基本出现在直浇道中。对铸件进行X射线检测,实际生产汽车制动鼓铸件内部无缩松、缩孔缺陷,提高了铸件的合格率。     

消除汽车制动鼓表面斑点的研究

通过对失效的汽车制动鼓取样分析,认为汽车制动时,制动鼓发生了组织转变（相变）。相变的结果导致在制动鼓工作表面出现硬质斑点及裂纹。解决的办法是提高灰铸铁含C量和在灰铸铁中添加微量合金元素。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.