O/W型微乳的制备及其对皮肤刺激性的检测

通过拟三元相图微乳区大小筛选微乳制备组分的较佳配比,电导率法检测微乳的类型,研究了以十四酸异丙酯、十六酸异丙酯、大豆油为油相,吐温80和卵磷脂质量比以及乙醇、1,2-丙二醇为助表面活性剂对微乳形成区域的影响。结果表明:选用十六酸异丙酯作油相,吐温80和卵磷脂质量比为2∶1作混合表面活性剂,乙醇为助表面活性剂时能形成较大的O/W型微乳区。经动物实验证实能够满足药用无毒、无刺激性要求,适合作为透皮吸收药物载体。     

三氟氯氰菊酯微乳体系的热力学稳定性研究

由农药、水、表面活性剂及助表面活性剂组成的农药微乳剂因其高效、低毒、稳定、安全、环境友好等特点,在农药剂型中得到广泛应用。长期以来,关于微乳液的形成和稳定性大多数还是定性研究。本文拟以三氟氯氰菊酯/环己酮为油相,以非离子表面活性剂、醇及水组成微乳剂,采用热力学方法,从拟三元相图出发,通过分别求算一系列n_a/n_s,和n_o/n_s,数值,讨论不同温度和不同助表面活性剂醇对微乳体系形成和稳定性的影响。     

吐温-80/对二甲苯/1,2-丙二醇水溶液拟三元体系相图研究

采用稀释法绘制了吐温-80/对二甲苯/1,2-丙二醇水溶液拟三元体系的25℃相图,利用电导法测定了其中微乳液的微观结构。结果表明：体系中包含单相微乳区、两相分层区、白色乳液区三部分,其中微乳区又分为油包水（W/O）微乳区、双连续区（B.C.）、水包油（O/W）做乳区三部分。另外。考察了醇水溶液中醇的质量分数及温度对撒乳区域范围的影响,发现醇的质量分数越高,微乳区域范围越大;温度越高,O/W微乳区域范阻越小。经稳定性实验表明：O/W微乳液稳定.     

一元羧酸对bmimPF_6-吐温80-甲苯相行为的影响

以一元羧酸(乙酸、正丁酸、正己酸、正辛酸)为助表面活性剂,通过相图绘制来考察正丁酸含量和一元羧酸链长对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(bmim PF_6)、甲苯、吐温80(Tween80)组成的三元体系的单相微乳区的影响,并用电导率法研究正丁酸存在下该体系单相微乳区的微结构。结果表明,随着正丁酸与吐温80质量比增加,单相微乳区面积逐渐减小;不同碳链长的一元羧酸对单相微乳区面积的影响与该酸分子在离子液体和油两相分配情况以及其亲脂性有关,随着一元羧酸链长增大,单相微乳区面积减小。电导测定结果显示,单相微乳区存在O/IL(离子液体包油)、BC(双连续)、IL/O(油包离子液体)3种微结构。动态光散射测定结果显示,最初IL/O微乳液滴粒径随着bmim PF_6增加而呈直线增大,连续加入bmim PF_6后,IL/O微乳液滴出现偏离直线的较大粒径。     

微乳液组分对其增溶水量的影响研究

对水杨酸甲酯(正庚烷)/吐温80(吐温60)/正构醇/水等微乳体系的增溶水量进行了研究,由拟三元相图计算并比较各个体系的微乳区域及液晶区域面积大小.结果发现:当微乳界面膜上的表面活性剂和助表面活性剂总量增多,则相应的微乳体系增溶水量较大;微乳界面膜的混乱度增大,柔性增大,使得微乳界面膜易于弯曲,使微乳易于形成规整的球体,相应的微乳增溶水量较大.     

柴油微乳液稳定性的研究

利用非离子表面活性剂司班(Span)系列与吐温(Tween)系列复配制备油包水(W/O)柴油微乳液;探讨了以下3种因素对柴油微乳液稳定性的影响:不同助剂醇、司班(Span)系列与吐温(Tween)系列不同配比、助剂醇(A)与表面活性剂(S)不同配比。并绘制了Span80/Tween80-柴油-正戊醇-水体系的一系列拟三元相图。最终得到形成柴油微乳的最适宜条件为:表面活性剂配比m(Span80)/m(Tween80)为4∶6;助剂为正戊醇;m(A)/m(S)为0.4。并利用亲水亲油平衡值理论(HLB值理论)和界面膜理论对试验结果进行分析。     

一元羧酸对bmimPF6-吐温80-甲苯相行为影响

以一元羧酸（乙酸、正丁酸、正己酸、正辛酸）为助表面活性剂,通过相图绘制来考察正丁酸的含量和一元羧酸的链长对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(bmimPF6)、甲苯、吐温80 (Tween80) 组成的三元体系的单相微乳区的影响,并用电导率测定来研究正丁酸存在下该体系单相微乳区的微结构。结果表明,随着正丁酸与吐温80质量比增加,单相微乳区面积逐渐减少;不同链长的一元羧酸对单相微乳区面积的影响与该酸分子在离子液体和油两相分配情况以及其亲脂性能有关,随着一元羧酸链长增大,单相微乳区面积减少。电导结果显示单相微乳区存在着O/IL(离子液体包油)型、BC（双连续）、IL/O（油包离子液体）三种微结构,动态光散射测量IL/O微乳液滴粒径结果显示最初纳米液滴随着bmimPF6增加而呈直线增大,然而,连续加入bmimPF6后,IL/O微乳液滴出现偏离直线的较大粒径。     

具有缓释作用α-萘乙酸辛醇酯微乳液的制备与生物活性

[目的]改变α-萘乙酸脂溶性和实现缓释效应.[方法]α-萘乙酸与辛醇酯化制备出α-萘乙酸辛醇酯并进行微乳液化,制备出吐温80为表面活性剂、1,2-丙二醇为助表面活性剂、α-萘乙酸辛醇酯与大豆油为油相的稳定微乳液;考察了微乳液对小麦种子生长调节活性.[结果]α-萘乙酸辛醇酯与大豆油质量比为4:1时可制备出稳定的微乳液,稀...     

助表面活性剂对乙草胺微乳液相图的影响

用拟三元相图法研究了醇醚糖苷(AEG)/醇醚羧酸盐(AEC)/醇/乙草胺/水体系的微乳液相行为,讨论了不同碳链长度的醇对乙草胺微乳液拟三元相图的影响,并通过电导率测定,研究了乙草胺微乳液的微观结构转变。结果表明,随着助表面活性剂醇碳链的增长,乙草胺微乳液的微乳区面积逐渐变小,而液晶区从无到有并逐渐增大;以正丁醇为助表面活性剂时,正丁醇的质量分数〔m(正丁醇)/m(AEG+AEC+正丁醇)〕对微乳区面积有一个最佳值。     

微乳轧制油拟三元相图及电导率的研究

以多组分表面活性剂的复配体系为研究对象,系统研究了表面活性剂-正丁醇-矿物油-水体系一系列拟三元相图,并用电导率法确定了微乳液结构。结果表明,表面活性剂复配比例不同对拟三元相图影响很大,随着Span80-PEG400比例逐渐增加,微乳区的面积先增大后减小,液晶区的面积逐渐减小,直到消失,相转变途径由非连续(液晶)向双连续过渡。随着表面活性剂含量的降低,有大面积的乳液区出现,电导率的变化与相变化存在一致性。     

高效促渗剂噻酮微乳液

介绍了一种高效水基促渗剂—噻酮微乳剂。根据微乳剂形成的机理,利用拟三元相图法最终得到10%噻酮微乳液的优化配方为:噻酮10%,二甲苯4.4%,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚Pe38.9%,乙醇13.3%,水33.4%。研究了10%噻酮微乳剂冷贮、热贮稳定性以及水的硬度对其稳定性的影响,结果表明试样各项质量技术指标均达到微乳制剂的要求。     

甲醇混合燃料稳定性的研究

为了找到能够代替石油的其它燃料,利用非离子型表面活性剂复配制备甲醇混合燃料,并以燃料油、甲醇、表面活性剂＋助表面活性剂为三组分做出相图。通过微乳液相区面积考察不同因素对制备甲醇混合燃料的影响。因素包括不同表面活性剂的复配,甲醇加入量、不同助表面活性剂以及助表面活性剂的用量。结果表明最佳的实验条件为：表面活性剂复配比为4：1,助剂为正丁醇和油酸,甲醇与燃料油的理想配比为8：1。并对实验结果进行了分析。     

适用于痕量钴离子迁移的吐温80微乳的制备及迁移条件

研究了以聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单油酸酯(吐温80)为表面活性剂与不同烃类的油性溶剂及不同醇类的助表面活性剂一起制备的微乳状液对钻离子从水相或料相迁移到微乳相中的影响,同时还观察了油水比和温度对钻离子迁移率的影响,最终得出了以吐温80为表而活性剂,正辛烷为油性溶剂,正庚醇为助表面活性剂的适用于痕量钴离子迁移的微乳体系及最佳迁移条件,结果令人满意.     

Phase behavior of a sodium dodecanol allyl sulfosuccinic diester/n‐pentanol/methyl acrylate/butyl acrylate/water microemulsion system and preparation of acrylate latexes by microemulsion polymerization

Pseudoternary phase diagrams of quaternary microemulsion systems composed of the reactive surfactant sodium dodecanol allyl sulfosuccinic diester, n‐pentanol, methyl acrylate/butyl acrylate, and water were made. The influence of the mass ratio of sodium dodecanol allyl sulfosuccinic diester to the cosurfactant (n‐pentanol) in the system and the influence of electrolyte sodium chloride on the microemulsion area were examined. The microstructure of the microemulsion was determined with a conductance technique. The results suggested that there were three structures in the microemulsion system: water in oil, oil in water, and a bicontinuous phase. Microemulsion polymerizations were carried with some point in the microemulsion region being chosen as the formulation. The structure and configuration of the polymer latexes were determined and analyzed with Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that the reactive surfactant could participate in the polymerization with the monomers to some extent; the glass‐transition temperature of the latex was ?31.4°C. The polymer latex was transformed gradually from an open porous structure to a closed porous structure when its pregnant microemulsion was varied from a bicontinuous structure to an oil‐in‐water structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

柴油微乳液的制备及性能研究

采用油水法并结合超声分散法,在30℃下以油酸为表面活性剂、二乙基二乙醇胺为主剂,以甲醇和乙醇作为助剂,采用甲醚和乙醚作为溶剂,制备出最大增溶水量为26.16%的柴油微乳液,对柴油微乳液进行了运动粘度、稳定性、腐蚀性、密度、静置燃烧等理化性能的检测。结果表明,制备出的柴油微乳液具有较低的运动粘度,比0#柴油具有更优异的耐低温性能;室温稳定时间为205~424 d;各样品的腐蚀度均为1A级,不会对内燃机造成腐蚀。该柴油微乳液成本较低,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Effect of Branched Alcohols on Phase Behavior and Physicochemical Properties of Winsor IV Microemulsions

The microemulsion phase behavior and physicochemical properties of surfactant–water–alcohol–oil systems are the pioneer laboratory study as a function of alcohol, water content and temperature to develop an experimental investigation for a better understanding of the microstructure of a single phase microemulsion and its stability under reservoir condition during hydraulic fracturing to recover the residual trapped oil. Viscosified surfactants are used as an efficient proppant conducting medium in hydraulic fracturing applications. The physicochemical properties of microemulsions are very helpful for characterization of microemulsions to justify their abilities and screening of surfactants. In the study, two branched alcohols, 2-methyl butan-2-ol, 3-methyl butan-1-ol selected as the cosurfactant in the proposed microemulsion system and their effect in tailoring the viscosity of microemulsions were studied. Microemulsion regions elucidated from Winsor’s pseudophase model of an oleate surfactant show a signatory distribution pattern of components between different domains with non-polar and asymmetric geometry of cosurfactant directs macromolecular alignments; their alignment contributes to a viscous microemulsions (gel) regime. The effect of surfactant and alkali, and the experimental temperature on the rheological properties of the lamellar mesophase were investigated. Phase transit regions and exact microemulsion and viscous microemulsion magnitudes were elucidated with the help of conductivity and viscosity studies of the ternary system as a function of the aqueous fraction and were in good agreement with Winsor’s pseudophase model. Dynamic and steady shear rheological studies showed that the gel is viscoelastic in nature, sustain viscosity and elastic modulus values appropriate for proppant suspension under high shear conditions. The proppant suspension and thermal behavior of ideal gel composition was found to be suitable for Coal Bed Methane and soft rock, clay reservoir stimulation.     

Interfacial Composition,Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of Water/(Surfactant+<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Butanol)/<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Heptane Water-in-Oil Microemulsion Formation in Relation to the Surfactant Chain Length

Interfacial behavior, structural and thermodynamic parameters of a water/(surfactant+n-butanol)/n-heptane water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion have been investigated using the dilution technique at different temperatures, and [water]/[surfactant] mole ratios. The cationic surfactants used were alkyltrimethyl ammonium bromides (CnTAB, n = 10, 14 and 16) while the nonionic surfactants were polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monoalkanoates (polysorbate), viz., palmitate (PS 40), stearate (PS 60) and oleate (PS 80). The distribution of cosurfactant between the oil–water interface and the bulk oil at the threshold level of stability, and the thermodynamics of transfer of the cosurfactant from the bulk oil to the interface were evaluated. Structural parameters such as the dimensions, population density and effective water pool radius of the dispersed water droplets in the oil phase and the interfacial population of the surfactant and cosurfactant have been evaluated in terms of the surfactant chain length.     

双生表面活性剂微乳液的制备及其相行为研究

制备了双生表面活性剂α-磺基硬脂酸聚乙二醇双酯钠盐/醇/正辛烷/水微乳液体系,绘制了其拟三元相图,探讨了不同碳链长度的醇及0.1mol/LKCl、NaOH、HCl溶液对微乳区域的影响,利用电导率分析了微乳液的结构类型。结果表明:以α-磺基硬脂酸聚乙二醇双酯钠盐作为乳化剂,可以制备稳定的微乳液。在中等链长范围内,作为助表面活性剂的醇类,链长的比链短的醇具有更好的助活作用。电解质溶液一般使微乳区域缩小,以电解质溶液或纯水为分散介质的微乳液的电导率变化趋势基本相同。     

含非离子表面活性剂吐温-80的微乳液结构研究

采用非离子表面活性剂吐温-80,以石油醚为油相,正丁醇为助表面活性剂来制备微乳液。用稀释法测定并计算了Tween-80/石油醚/正丁醇/水体系O/W型微乳的结构参数。测量微乳液体系在15~30℃温度范围内的pH及电导,考察温度对微乳液体系的影响。向微乳液体系中加入PVP,测量体系的电导和接触角,考察水溶性高分子对微乳液体系的影响。结果表明微乳液体系的电导随温度的上升而变大,相同温度时,加入PVP会使体系的电导变大,接触角变小。