接枝改性对羽毛蛋白浆料浆纱性能的影响

为解决天然羽毛蛋白在中性条件下水溶性较差而导致其在纺织上浆领域内使用受限的问题,通过将不同质度的亲水性乙烯基单体丙烯酸接枝到天然羽毛蛋白的分子链上,制备出一系列具有不同接枝率且在中性条件下可溶于水或较好地分散于水的羽毛蛋白-丙烯酸接枝共聚物浆料。分别采用天然羽毛蛋白与接枝改性羽毛蛋白对纯棉经纱进行了上浆试验,测试了上浆纱的强伸性、耐磨性及毛羽数量。结果表明,对羽毛蛋白进行接枝改性可显著提高其浆纱性能,与纯棉原纱相比,当选择接枝率为29.72%的羽毛蛋白-丙烯酸接枝共聚物作为上浆材料时,上浆纱的强度提高了24.56%,断裂伸长率仅降低了14.49%,耐磨次数达到原纱的4倍,毛羽数量亦大为降低。     

Effects of monomer compatibility on sizing properties of feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA)

In order to endow feather keratin with good sizing properties for all-polyester or high-polyester yarns, methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers with a variation in feed molar ratio from 10/90 to 30/70 were grafted onto the molecular chains of native feather keratin under equal monomer concentration. Effects of monomer compatibility of MA/AA on sizing properties of the feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA) were studied in terms of apparent viscosity, contact angle of sizing paste on polyester fibers, mechanical properties of sizing film, and adhesion to polyester fibers. It was found that grafting MA & AA monomers with rational compatibility onto the molecular chains of feather keratin was an effective method to improve sizing properties of grafted feather keratin, such as adhesion to polyester fibers and toughness of sizing film. In view of overall performance of the grafted feather keratin sizes, the appropriate feed molar ratio of MA/AA should be 20/80.     

含羧基的支链链节结构对接枝改性羽毛蛋白上浆性能的影响

考察几种常用含羧基的乙烯基接枝单体对接枝改性羽毛蛋白浆料上浆性能的影响。在K2S2O8/NaHSO3氧化还原体系的引发下,将丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)及衣康酸(IA)单体分别接枝到天然羽毛蛋白的分子链上,制得接枝率相近而接枝支链分子结构不同的改性羽毛蛋白。然后采用3种接枝改性羽毛蛋白对纯棉经纱进行上浆实验,测试浆纱的增强率、减伸率、耐磨性和毛羽数量。结果表明,当选用AA作为接枝单体时,所得改性羽毛蛋白浆出的纱线性能较为优异。     

羽毛蛋白接枝共聚物对涤/棉经纱的上浆性能

为解决羽毛蛋白浆料对高比例含涤纶纱线上浆性能不佳的问题,在单体浓度相同的情况下,通过将不同量比的丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和丙烯酸(AA)单体共同接枝到天然羽毛蛋白的分子链上,制备出一系列具有不同分子结构的羽毛蛋白-丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物。以此系列羽毛蛋白接枝共聚物对涤/棉(65/35)经纱进行浆纱实验,测试了浆纱的增强率、减伸率、耐磨次数及毛羽数量。结果表明:适量引入聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)接枝支链有利于提高羽毛蛋白对高比例涤/棉纱的上浆性能;与原纱相比,当MA与AA的量比为20∶80时,合成出的羽毛蛋白接枝共聚物浆料保持了良好的水溶性,涤/棉浆纱的强度提高了19.27%,断裂伸长率仅降低了19.76%,耐磨次数达到原纱的2倍有余,毛羽数量亦大为降低。     

Effects of graft modification on apparent viscosity,adhesion, and film properties of sesbania gum for warp sizing

Abstract

In order to solve such utilization problems as excessively high apparent viscosity of sizing paste and poor adhesion to polyester fibers, caused by macromolecular inherent defects of native sesbania gum (SG), various amounts of methyl acrylate (MA) monomers were grafted onto molecular chains of native SG through initiation of Fenton's reagent and a series of SG-g-PMA with different grafting ratios were prepared. Effects of the graft modification on sizing properties of SG-g-PMA were studied in terms of apparent viscosity, contact angle of sizing paste on polyester fibers, water-solubility, mechanical properties of sizing film, adhesion to polyester fibers, and tensile properties of sized polyester warp yarns. It was found that the graft modification for SG was a simple and effective method to improve its sizing properties for polyester yarns and to omit specific viscosity reduction procedure used commonly for SG at present. In view of overall performance of SG-g-PMA sizes, the appropriate grafting ratio should be 18.70%.     

羽毛角蛋白改性研究──Ⅰ．乙烯基单体与羽毛角蛋白的接枝共聚物作涂饰剂的研究

本文以羽毛梗为原料，用氢氧化钠水解而制成羽毛角蛋白。通过氧化－还原引发系统，用三种乙烯基类单体与羽毛角蛋白接枝共聚，得到四个产物。将接枝共聚物、羽毛蛋白和乙烯基类单体聚合物的混合物分别进行甲酸和溶剂萃取、酶水解，最后将水解分离物分别进行红外光谱分析，鉴定证明乙烯基单体与羽毛蛋白发生了接枝共聚反应。ＴＧＡ和ＤＳＣ分析揭示了改性产品具有热稳定性的原因，应用改性产品作为皮革顶层涂饰剂，测定了它们的耐湿擦，耐折裂和粘着力，并与进口的蛋白涂饰剂比较，选出了两种最佳的接枝改性配方。     

羽毛角蛋白的改性及其在皮革填充中的应用

在碱的催化下先将羽毛水解,然后在K2S2O8-NaHSO3氧化还原体系的引发下,用丙烯酸对羽毛水解物进行接枝改性,制备出了一种改性羽毛蛋白填充剂。采用DSC、FT-IR和GPC方法对接枝产物的组成和结构进行了分析,并通过对比试验对其填充性能进行了研究。结果表明:接枝聚合产物主要含有相对分子质量为11385道尔顿(Da)的组分,其次还含有少量相对分子质量为1853道尔顿(Da)的组分。该产物的分子链上具有大量的羧基。用该产物对铬鞣革进行填充,可明显提高坯革的柔软度、丰满度、厚度和伸长率,而对坯革的抗张强度、撕裂强度以及染料的吸收率不产生明显影响。     

Pasting,swelling and solubility properties of UV initiated starch-graft-poly(AA)

UV-initiated graft copolymerization of sago starch with acrylic acid (AA) at low level (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% w/w) was investigated. The UV curing technique and procedure was found to successfully produce starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) [S-g-poly(AA)]. The carboxyl group content was found to increase with increasing % of monomer. Rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) pasting profile, swelling and solubility of the samples were studied. UV irradiation of sago starch (control) results in high pasting temperature, high peak viscosity and high setback, besides retarding swelling and solubility as compared to the native untreated starch (p<0.05). Pasting temperature was decreased after grafting as compared to the control. S-g-poly(AA) showed higher peak viscosity, peak time and setback than native untreated starch (p<0.05). Breakdown was retarded at 2.5% S-g-poly(AA) but increased at 10%. S-g-poly(AA) exhibited lower swelling power and solubility than the native sample (p<0.05).     

Morphological,physicochemical, and pasting properties of modified water chestnut (Trapabispinosa) starch

Selected physicochemical properties of native and modified water chestnut starch (Trapabispinosa) were studied. Single- and dual-modifications were carried out by pregelatinization, acetylation and acid-thinning methods. Chemical modification created unevenness on the surface of starch granule. Swelling power, solubility, and water retention capacity were improved by all modification techniques used. The peak viscosity was reduced in all modified starches as compared to native water chestnut starch. The setback value which is an indication of retrogradation (re-association of starch molecules) tendency in the starch paste was reduced after pregelatinization and acid-thinning but increased by acetylation.     

不同处理对猪毛角蛋白提取效果及功能特性的影响

为进一步提高猪毛的利用价值,采取碱解法、生物法、机械法、还原法四种处理提取猪毛角蛋白,研究不同处理对猪毛溶解率和可溶性蛋白含量以及角蛋白功能特性的影响。结果表明,碱解和蒸汽爆破处理下猪毛溶解率较高,而还原法处理的可溶性蛋白含量较高;不同处理对猪毛角蛋白的功能特性影响区别较大,溶解性和持水性最好的分别是碱解和蒸汽爆破处理得到的角蛋白,而还原法提取出的猪毛角蛋白持油性、冻融稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性较好,因此需要根据角蛋白的应用途径选择合适提取方法。本研究为猪毛角蛋白的提取及猪毛的充分利用提供了一定理论参考。     

水溶性壳聚糖接枝共聚物施胶剂的研究

以马来酸酐（MAH）改性后的水溶性壳聚糖（CS）为主链,苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为单体,丙烯酸（AA）为功能单体利用核壳聚合技术制备了一种稳定的无皂乳液表面施胶剂。研究了反应条件的变化对马来酸酐改性壳聚糖、改性后壳聚糖接枝共聚物乳液的稳定性及乳液在纸张上施胶度的影响,确定了以下合成条件制得的水溶性壳聚糖的取代度最好：反应时间为4 h,反应温度为25℃,调节pH至10～11,m（MAH）：m（CS）=0.4。     

Influence of plasticizers on the water sorption isotherms and water vapor permeability of chicken feather keratin films

Biodegradable films from many protein sources have in recent decades attracted a lot of attention for their potential use in food protection because they have several advantages over synthetic films, including those related to the environment. The effects of type and concentration of plasticizers on microstructure, sorption isotherms and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films obtained from chicken feather keratin (CFK) were investigated. Keratins were extracted with an aqueous solutions of urea, 2-mercaptoethanol and surfactant. The protein was dosed and the maximum concentration achieved was 12 g/100 ml. The protein concentration in the keratin film solution was standardized at 7 g/100 ml for the preparation of the films by casting. The results showed that increasing the plasticizer concentration caused a decrease in barrier properties and favored water adsorption by the polymeric network, increasing the moisture content of the films. The monolayer moisture content was 8.76 times higher for films made with glycerol than films made without plasticizer and 12 times higher than films plasticized with PEG 4000. The same behavior was observed for the water solubility coefficient, which increased with increasing plasticizer concentration.     

中性施胶剂的研究现状和发展趋势

论述了几种常用中性施胶剂的性质、施胶机理和各自的优缺点;阐述了中性抄纸的优点和中性施胶剂的发展过程;通过中性松香胶、AKD和ASA性能的比较指出:开发中性分散松香胶符合我国的国情,也是顺应世界造纸发展趋势的方向。     

α-淀粉酶水解对芭蕉芋淀粉理化性质的影响

目的酶法水解为芭蕉芋淀粉进行改性,提高芭蕉芋淀粉的应用价值,扩大于其在食品工业的应用范围。方法以芭蕉芋淀粉为原料,采用α-淀粉酶水解制备酶解淀粉,结合热失重(TGA)技术考察α-淀粉酶水解对芭蕉芋淀粉热稳定性和其他理化性质的影响。结果与原淀粉相比,酶解淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度、吸水度和吸油度增大;透光率和冻融稳定性降低;TGA结果表明,α-淀粉酶水解不改变芭蕉芋淀粉的组成成分,且酶解芭蕉芋淀粉的分解温度较高,表明其热稳定性增加。结论通过α-淀粉酶酶解法可制备满足工业需要的改良芭蕉芋淀粉。     

季铵阳离子型接枝淀粉浆料的浆膜性能

为提高淀粉浆料的使用性能,通过调整３?丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵（ATC）和酸解淀粉（ATC）的质量比,合成了不同接枝率的３?丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵接枝淀粉（S-g-PATC）。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对ATS和S-g-PATC 进行分子结构表征,研究了S-g-PATC 的膨胀度和浆膜的力学性能、结晶度、吸湿率、水溶速率。结果表明：用季铵阳离子对淀粉接枝变性可增大淀粉的膨胀度,降低浆膜的结晶度,提高浆膜的吸湿率和水溶速率;用季铵阳离子对淀粉接枝变性可提高浆膜的韧性,改善淀粉浆膜“硬而脆”的属性和淀粉浆料的退浆性能;当接枝率由2.8%增加到10.6%,S-g-PATC 浆膜的断裂伸长率由2.56%增加到3.92%,而浆膜断裂强度则由28.04MPa 减小到24.27MPa。     

再生羽毛蛋白纤维的研制

介绍了再生羽毛蛋白纤维的纺制工艺,对纺制纤维的理、化性能进行了测试分析,结果显示:采用氧化法制取羽毛角蛋白原液,纺丝原液中纤维素、蛋白质比例6∶4,碱的质量分数为3%,纺丝液黏度为40～60 s时,纺制出的再生羽毛蛋白纤维(2.7 dtex)干强为2.1 eN/dtex,湿强为1.8 cN/dtex,初始模量为33 c...     

不同pH条件下米谷蛋白的理化及结构特性研究

为探索溶解大米蛋白的最适pH值,扩大其应用范围,表征了不同pH(pH 3.0,4.0,7.0)条件下大米蛋白中主要成分——米谷蛋白的理化及结构性质。结果表明,与中性条件下相比,酸性条件下米谷蛋白的溶解度和结构性质发生了明显改变,pH 7.0时米谷蛋白分子结合紧密,形成庞大的分子聚集体,溶解度仅(6.24±1.25)%;而在酸性条件下,米谷蛋白逐渐分散,分子间二硫键断裂,呈现分散疏松的小分子体状态,pH 3.0时其溶解度最高,达到(72.47±2.36)%。     

阳离子松香中性施胶剂的应用

以十二叔胺、环氧氯丙烷、松香为原料合成了阳离子改性松香乳化剂乳化松香,并制备出一种阳离子松香中性施胶剂,探讨了其对纸张施胶的影响因素;实验结果表明,该阳离子松香中性施胶剂施胶效率高,在中性条件下具有良好的施胶效果。     

Preparation and Characterization of Starch Acetate

Acetylation of native hydrolyzed and oxidized, maize starch has been studied. The different factors affecting acetylation process were investigated. These factors include liquor ratio, acetic anhydride, perchloric acid concentration, reaction time and temperature. Also investigated were characterization and application of the acetylated starches in textile warp sizing. The acetyl content increases to reach a maximum and then decreases on increasing either liquor ratio or perchloric acid concentration. Also it increases with increasing acetic anhydride concentration within the range examined whereas the actylation reaction efficiency % decreases. Hydrolysis of starch prior acetylation inhances the susceptibility of the starch towards acetylation whereas oxidation do the reverse. The solubility of acetylated starches derived from hydrolyzed or oxidized starches increases more than that of acetylated native starch. The solubility depends on the extent of acetylation and of the modification prior acetylation. Acetylation of starch improves its sizeability of cotton yarns.     

中低温水溶季铵阳离子淀粉浆料的合成及其浆纱性能

为了解决淀粉中低温水不溶的问题,根据中低温浆纱工艺对浆料水溶性、黏度、成膜性及对纺织纤维粘附性能的要求,采用酸解、季铵阳离子化和乙醇-碱法对淀粉进行改性,合成了一种中低温水可溶季铵阳离子淀粉浆料。采用扫描电了显微镜、红外光谱、电泳仪分析了所制得浆料的微观结构。研究了乙醇-碱法制备中低温水可溶淀粉时,反应温度、反应时间、乙醇用量、水含量、碱量对该淀粉浆料溶解性能的影响,测试了该淀粉浆料的浆液、浆膜性能。结果表明,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为50min,淀粉、水、乙醇和碱的量比为1：20：8：0.4时,所制得的淀粉浆料可溶于室温水中,浆液具有良好的黏度和抗凝沉性。