湍流射流点火燃烧特性的模拟研究

稀薄燃烧策略可以在提高燃料效率的同时减少污染物排放,而预燃室式湍流射流点火技术作为一种强点火方式能够有效提高燃烧稳定性.采用数值模拟手段对稀薄混合气湍流射流点火燃烧特性进行研究.结果 表明:在混合气过量空气系数(φa)为1.5的情况下,湍流射流点火相较传统火花塞点火最高燃烧压力提高66.4％,NOx排放相较当量比燃烧降...     

面向缸内直喷汽油机燃烧调控中若干基础问题研究综述

汽油机缸内直喷技术可比进气道喷射自然吸气均质混合气汽油机热效率提高20-25%。然而稀燃时火焰传播速率低,火核生成困难,因此采用分层混合气燃烧组织方式用于提高点火性能和燃烧速率,采用提高缸内充量运动强度和废气再循环在保证燃烧速率的同时降低NOx排放。因此对缸内直喷汽油机燃烧调控进行研究具有提高内燃机利用效率的意义。     

双火花塞点火汽油机轻度分层混合气生成过程的数值模拟

在JS183FMQ大排量全地形摩托车用汽油机结构的基础上,进行双火花塞点火(DSI)燃烧系统的改造,对该DSI汽油机闭阀喷射模式和开阀喷射模式下燃油喷射及混合气形成过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,闭阀喷射模式可以确保缸内均质混合气的充分生成;而开阀喷射模式能形成不同程度的混合气分层状态。对开阀喷射模式的进一步研究表明,调整喷油正时使先期燃油组分于气阀开启阶段直接喷入缸内,而部分后期喷射燃油组分存留于气道与空气充分混合生成均质混合气,可形成较为理想的缸内混合气轻度分层状态;结合涡流运动的强化和DSI的采用,这种组合喷射模式具有实现缸内轻度分层稀薄燃烧的可行性。     

点火模式对增压稀燃LPG发动机燃烧特性的影响

使用三维仿真软件AVL-FIRE建立了增压稀燃LPG发动机缸内燃烧模型,对模型进行了数值仿真.分析了单、双火花塞不同点火模式对发动机工作过程的影响并通过实验得到验证.结果表明:采用双火花塞点火与单火花塞点火相比,缩短了火焰传播距离,增强了缸内涡流,加快了火焰的传播速度,减轻了爆燃,降低了排气温度,提高了热效率,使发动机具有较好的动力性和燃料经济性.     

天然气发动机燃烧过程控制及可视化的试验研究

在单缸四冲程点燃式发动机上，将天然气燃料直接喷入气缸内，采用高速摄影方法对不同喷射方式及喷射时刻下的火焰传播过程进行实际观测，并进行了对比分析。同时制取示功图分析研究了不同喷射方式对放热规律的影响，研究结果表明，在较稀薄的混合气下，通过不同的喷射方式可以有效地控制放热规律和控制排放特性。并明显改善循环变动量。     

从混合气燃烧规律谈发动机最佳点火时间

在摩托车发动机中,汽油与空气的混合气燃烧持续时间是非常短暂的,大概只有0.003秒,燃烧过程大致可分为三个阶段,即滞然期、明显燃烧期和后燃期。从火花塞开始跳火到火花塞电极附近火焰中心形成,这一阶段称为滞燃期。这一阶段燃放热量不多,气缸内压力升高不大。火焰中心形成后,混合气温度急剧上升,氧化反应激烈进行,火焰迅速传播,混合气迅速燃烧,气缸内的压力、温度急剧增     

广本飞度车智能双火花塞点火系统及检修

智能双火花塞点火（i-DSI）系统是把传统的每缸由1个火花塞点火方式改为2个火花塞点火方式，且每个火花塞上都单独配置了1个点火线圈，每个点火线圈内都有1个独立的点火控制模块（ICM，与点火线圈制成一体，没有高压线），点火时刻由ECU（装手动变速器的车）或PCM（装自动变速器的车）通过ICM控制。这种点火系统优化了混合气的燃烧过程，并且工作可靠，提高了发动机的动力性和经济性。本文以广州本田飞度轿车为例说明其工作原理和检修方法。     

控制稀燃汽油机NOx吸附-还原催化转化器再生过程的试验研究

针对汽油机稀薄燃烧排放控制的特殊要求,研制了一套适用于稀燃汽油机的电控节气门(ECT)系统.该系统可控制稀燃发动机周期性的短暂工作于浓混合气状态,满足NOx吸附-还原催化转化器的工作要求,降低稀燃发动机的NOx排放.并在混合气浓度改变的同时实现对点火时刻和节气门开度的连动控制,维持发动机输出功率稳定.实验结果表明,稀混合气燃烧配以NOx吸附-还原催化转化器进行排气后处理可使NOx排放最低达50×10-6,最高转化率达91%,该系统是解决稀燃及其排放问题的可行方案.     

GDI发动机二次喷射策略对油耗和排放影响的试验研究

通过改变某款GDI汽油发动机二次喷射策略,在2800rpm,13.5bar工况下研究了二次喷射比例和喷油时刻对油耗、排放的影响。试验结果表明:适当的二次喷射策略有利于优化发动机经济性和排放;二次喷射的比例和喷油时刻影响混合气的形成,可燃混合气形成的优劣程度直接影响燃烧和排放中炭烟生成,可通过优化策略控制CO和HC排放;二次喷射影响缸内温度,温度升高NOx排放增大。     

专利选登

内燃机碰撞雾化燃烧系统;液压控制蓄压室开启燃烧系统;灵活燃料发动机低排放燃烧系统;内燃机挤流燃烧室;柴油机双燃油泵喷射两种燃料的喷射系统;直喷式柴油机燃烧系统;一种着火时刻可直接控制的内燃机均质压燃燃烧系统;火花塞点火室燃烧系统。     

Combustion and emission characteristics of a lean burn natural gas engine

Lean burn is an effective way to improve spark ignition engine fuel economy. In this paper, the combustion and emission characteristics of a lean burn natural gas fuelled spark ignition engine were investigated at various throttle positions, fuel injection timings, spark timings and air fuel ratios. The results show that ignition timings, the combustion duration, the coefficient of variation (COV) of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and engine-out emissions are dependent on the overall air fuel ratio, spark timings, throttle positions and fuel injection timings. With the increase of the air fuel ratio, the ignition delays and combustion duration increases. Fuel injection timings affect ignition timings, combustion duration, IMEP, and the COV of the IMEP. Late fuel injection timings can decrease the COV of the IMEP. Moreover, the change in the fuel injection timings reduces the engine-out CO, total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions. Lean burn can significantly reduce NOx emissions, but it results in high cyclic variations.     

稀薄燃烧发动机改型设计及正时策略优化

基于某高速汽油机,对燃烧室结构、燃油喷射特性、凸轮型线改型设计为稀薄燃烧发动机。提出利用响应面模型对正时策略进行分析和优化的研究方法,并建立利用响应面进行多目标优化计算的流程。以提高有效功率和降低有效燃油消耗率为优化目标,以点火正时、空燃比和进排气正时为设计变量,建立了发动机性能与响应面耦合优化模型。分析与试验结果表明:较标准混合比燃烧时,稀薄燃烧发动机的进排气提前角减小,点火正时提前,最低燃油消耗率下降3.9%,最大功率提升9.7%;同时利用响应面优化方法提高了优化效率。     

Effects of intake flow on the spray structure of a multi-hole injector in a DISI engine

The spray characteristics of a 6-hole injector were examined in a single cylinder optical direct injection spark ignition engine. The effects of injection timing, in-cylinder charge motion, fuel injection pressure, and coolant temperature were investigated using the 2-dimensional Mie scattering technique. It was confirmed that the in-cylinder charge motion played a major role in the fuel spray distribution during the induction stroke while injection timing had to be carefully considered at high injection pressures during the compression stroke to prevent spray impingement on the piston.     

稀燃汽油机二次喷油电控系统开发

根据发动机稀薄燃烧的要求,采用16位单片机MC9S12XDP512微控制器,利用其增强型输入捕捉输出比较定时器,自主开发出电控系统。采用稀燃、快燃(滚流)、推迟点火和二次喷油的可控燃烧方案,改变二次喷油比例和二次喷油时刻等参数,实现二次喷油过程的优化,在气流运动的作用下,实现了发动机稀薄燃烧复杂时序控制,明显改善燃烧过程。在稀薄燃烧发动机典型工况下,空燃比越大,二次喷油比例对燃油经济性的改善越明显。     

Combined effect of boost pressure and injection timing on the performance and combustion of CNG in a DI spark ignition engine

There is an increasing interest in supercharging spark ignition engines operating on CNG (compressed natural gas) mainly due to its superior knock resisting properties. However, there is a penalty in volumetric efficiency when directly injecting the gaseous fuel at early and partial injection timings. The present work reports the combined effects of a small boost pressure and injection timing on performance and combustion of CNG fueled DI (direct injection) engine. The experimental tests were carried out on a 4-stroke DI spark ignition engine with a compression ratio of 14. Early injection timing, when inlet valves are still open (at 300°BTDC), and partial injection timing, in which part of the injection occurs after the inlet valves are closed (at 180°BTDC), were varied at each operating speed with variation of the boost pressure from 2.5 to 10 kPa. A narrow angle injector (NAI) was used to increase the mixing rate at engine speeds between 2000 and 5000 rpm. Similar experiments were conducted on a naturally aspirated engine and the results were then compared with that of the boosting system to examine the combined effects of boost pressure and injection timing. It was observed that boost pressure above 7.5 kPa resulted in an improvement of performance and combustion of CNG DI engine at all operating speeds. This was manifested in the faster heat release rates and mass fraction burned that in turn improved combustion efficiency of the boosting system. An increased in cylinder pressure and temperature was also observed with boost pressure compared to naturally aspirated engine. Moreover, the combustion duration was reduced due to concentration of the heat release near to the top dead center as the result of the boost pressure. Supercharging was also found to reduce the penalty of volumetric efficiency at both the simulated port and partial injection timings.     

Effects of the throttle opening ratio and the injection timing of CNG on the combustion characteristics of a DI engine

We investigated the effects of the fuel injection timing — both for early and late injection — in conjunction with the throttle opening ratio on the fuel-air mixing characteristics, engine power, combustion stability and emission characteristics of a DI CNG spark engine and control system that had been modified and designed according to the author’s original idea. We verified that the combustion characteristics were affected by the fuel injection timing and that the engine conditions were affected by the throttle opening ratios and the rpm. The combustion characteristics were greatly improved for a complete open throttle ratio with an early injection timing and for a partial throttle ratio with a late injection timing. The combustion duration was governed by the duration of flame propagation in late injection timing scenarios and by the duration of early flame development in cases of early injection timing. As the result, the combustion duration is shortened, the lean limit is improved, the air-fuel mixing conditions are controlled, and the emissions are reduced through control of the fuel injection timing and vary according to ratio of the throttle opening.     

两段喷射直喷式汽油机(TSGDI)点火特性的试验研究与模拟计算

用试验和数值模拟两种方法研究了点火时刻对两段喷射直喷式汽油机(TSGD I)性能的影响。研究结果表明,对于不同转速和负荷存在着最佳点火提前角,最佳点火提前角随着发动机转速和负荷的升高而减小,过量空气系数对最佳点火提前角的影响较小;模拟计算表明在最佳点火提前角时,火花塞周围形成了燃空当量比为1.0~1.2的较浓混合气区域。     

火花塞对汽油机缸内湍流的影响

针对4种不同火花塞,利用三维模拟软件建立了缸内直喷汽油机的仿真计算模型,在2 000r/min冷态情况下,对缸内湍流进行了计算,得到发动机在进气冲程、压缩冲程、点火时刻气缸内及火花塞附近的流场,评价了缸内速度场、湍动能参数。结果表明:在进气初期,火花塞对周围湍动能和缸内速度场影响最大,决定了缸内初期涡团的形成以及此后缸内湍流的发展变化;随着进气门的关闭和气缸容积的增大,火花塞对缸内湍流的影响越来越小;直至活塞靠近上止点,火花塞对局部流场的影响再一次显现。采用恰当的火花塞结构,使点火位置气流处于低速且具有足够湍流强度,对点火的稳定性和火焰的传播具有深远的影响。     

稀燃快燃点火电路研究

在电容储能点火系统的基础上,利用火花能量转换原理和能量叠加原理,提出了一种有别于传统发动机点火系的"稀燃快燃点火系"。简要介绍和分析了该点火系的组成及工作原理,对其进行了设计研究,通过试验验证了稀燃快燃点火系比传统点火系具有的优越性。结果表明:该点火系统能够提高点火线圈的次级电压,增加火花持续时间,有效提高点火能量的利用率,改善发动机点火性能。该点火系在进行适当匹配后不仅适用于现代高速、稀燃、高压缩比发动机,而且也适用于传统点燃式发动机。     

天然气发动机稀燃工况燃烧循环变动特性研究

对一台点燃式多点电喷天然气发动机在稀燃工况下进行试验,获得了各工况下的连续循环缸内压力数据,并计算了每循环与压力相关的燃烧循环变动特征参数及循环变动系数,进而研究了稀燃工况下天然气发动机的燃烧循环变动特性。结果表明,在稀燃条件下,每循环缸内峰值压力与平均指示压力有稳定的线性相关关系,每循环缸内峰值压力出现时刻与峰值压力和平均指示压力的线性相关关系随当量比的减小,均出现了由负相关到正相关的转变,并且混合气当量比越小,天然气发动机的燃烧循环变动越明显,在当量比为0.60~0.65时,平均指示压力变动系数有加速增长的趋势。