铟电解精炼提纯方法的研究

研究了铟电解精炼提纯的方法及工艺。为了提高铟电解提纯的效果,建议使用电解液循环通过高纯铟柱的总体电解工艺流程。通过研究电解液组成及酸度、电流密度等关键参数对电解提纯的影响,得出铟电解精炼提纯的关键参数为:硫酸体系电解液,成分为100g/L硫酸铟+70～100g/L氯化钠+0.5g/L明胶;电解液的酸度控制在pH=2～2.5;设计电解槽的同极距为40～50mm;阴极板用钛板;控制电解过程中的电流密度在35～65A/m2之间;电解过程中,电解液循环通过高纯铟柱,达到电解过程中净化铟电解液的效果,显著提高铟电解精炼提纯的效果。     

阴离子膜不锈钢阳极锌锰合金电沉积的研究

研究了锌锰合金电沉积的工艺条件,镀液稳定性,镀层中锰含量和阴极电流效率的规律。采用阴离子膜作阳极隔膜,不锈钢作阳极,紫铜板为阴极,研究了硫酸盐－柠檬酸体系锌锰合金电沉积的工艺条件,讨论了阴极电流密度,镀液中锰离子的浓度,镀液中锌,锰离子的摩尔比,增效剂、电沉积温度等因素对镀层中锰含量和阴极电流效率的影响规律,探索了提高阴极电流效率的途径,改善了镀液的稳定性。本文所选工艺条件为：MnSO4.H2O 30-50g/L,ZrSO4.7H2O:5-10g/L,柠檬酸钠（二水）100－150g/L,增效剂0．083g/L,表面活性剂适量,ic 1.5-3.0A/dm^2,pH值5．6,t25-30℃。该工艺可得含锰量为50％左右的锌锰合金镀层,阴极电流效率约60％。镀液在该工艺条件下连续施镀90min镀层组成稳定。     

电沉积RE-Ni-W-P-SiC复合材料镀层的阴极过程

为了进一步掌握电沉积RE-Ni-W-P-SiC复合材料镀层的阴极过程,采用电位线性扫描测绘法、镀液pH值测定法研究了复合镀层阴极过程,结果表明,当镀液中加入SiC微粒和稀土后,复合材料的阴极沉积电流密度增加,有利于Ni-W-P合金在阴极沉积,并形成Ni-W-P-SiC和RE-Ni-W-P-SiC复合材料：而镀液中加入PTFE后却降低了复合材料镀层的阴极沉积电流密度。当稀土的添加量为7～9g／L时,复合材料镀层的阴极沉积电流密度增加并不明显;随着稀土添加量的增加,复合材料镀层的阴极沉积电流密度增加较明显,当添加量达到11～13g／L时,镀层的阴极沉积电流密度增加并达到最大值;若进一步增加稀土用量,则阴极沉积电流密度有所下降。如此可以加大SiC和RE对阴极电沉积的影响。     

Al2O3/Ni功能梯度材料电沉积工艺的研究

功能梯度材料的组成和结构呈梯度变化并呈适应使用环境要求的梯度分布.在瓦特型镀镍溶液中,利用复合电沉积的技术,制备了Ni/Al2O3梯度镀层.通过改变镀液中Al2O3颗粒的浓度、阴极电流密度、镀液的搅拌速度3种工艺参数,研究了Al2O3颗粒在形状为正八面体的阴极上的复合镀层的分布规律.对Al2O3颗粒在复合镀层内的含量进行了测量并对镀层断面的金相照片进行了观察和分析,得出了制备梯度镀层的最佳工艺.试验结果表明,在适当的工艺参数下,通过旋转阴极,能够制取Ni/Al2O3梯度镀层.为制备梯度复合材料提供了一种新的方法.     

镍钴合金电沉积中硫酸钴影响的探讨

电沉积镍层硬度低,耐磨性差,在瓦特型镀镍液中加入硫酸钴可以提高镀层的抗热性能、耐蚀性能和韧性.采用硫酸盐电解液电沉积镍钴合金,研究了电解液中硫酸钴浓度与镀液分散能力、深镀能力的关系及其对镀层显微硬度、孔隙率和内应力的影响.同时,利用扫描电子显微镜分析了沉积层的表面形貌.结果表明:随着镀液中硫酸钴浓度的增大,镀液的分散能力下降,深镀能力升高;镀层显微硬度显著提高,内应力和孔隙率也有所增加.镍钴合金沉积层比纯镍镀层更细致、结晶均匀.     

硫酸阳极氧化槽中阴极的改进

硫酸阳极氧化用铝阴极替代铅阴极可以减少压降损失1～2 V,铅电导率仅为铝的10%～15%.使用铝阴极可减少氧化槽热量的产生,节能30%.6063T6铝阴极在硫酸中(180g/L)因溶解的损失率仅1 mm/a,阴阳极面积比最佳为1:3,特殊情况可控制在1:5,阴阳极之间最小距离25 cm较为合适.     

共沉淀法净化铟电解液的研究

对铟电解液的净化方法进行了研究,提出硫酸钡共沉淀的净化方法。研究表明,最佳的净化条件为:以BaCl2为沉淀剂,在适中的搅拌状态下,将BaCl2溶液逐滴滴入经硫酸酸化过的铟电解液中,BaCl2用量控制在每升铟电解液中加入15～30g氯化钡,反应温度控制在30～50℃之间。     

分段恒电位电化学沉积法制备CuInSe2吸收层

采用分段恒电位电沉积法在FTO导电玻璃上制备了CuInSe2 (CIS)薄膜.通过线性电位扫描分析了阴极的电化学反应,并通过电化学沉积法制备了CIS薄膜.结果表明,恒电位电化学沉积的薄膜与CIS的化学计量比相差较大,增加溶液中铟离子的浓度,可以提高铟在镀层的含量,使薄膜更接近CIS化学计量比.而采用分段恒电位法沉积薄膜,可以抑制铜硒化合物的生长,使薄膜更接近于CIS化学计量比.     

电沉积法制备高孔隙率微孔金属锌泡沫材料

为制备电极材料用金属锌泡沫材料,研究了以孔径0.3mm的微孔聚氨酯泡沫为基体,经脱脂、粗化、活化、化学镀、电沉积等工艺制备泡沫锌的工艺,探讨了主盐浓度、镀液温度、pH值、阴极电流密度、异极距及超声强化对电沉积工艺的影响.研究得到电沉积优化工艺条件为:硫酸锌250g/L、硫酸铝20g/L、硫酸铝钾40g/L、硫酸钠30g/L、添加剂H6g/L、硫锌-30光亮剂10mL/L,镀液温度30℃,pH值为3.5,异极距4.0cm,阴极表观电流密度0.04A/cm2.研究了超声强化对提高电沉积工艺的深镀能力和电流效率的积极作用,在优化条件下,可制得三维网状结构、光亮性好且孔隙率高达92.2%的泡沫锌材料.     

Ni-SiO2复合镀工艺研究

研究了Watts型镀镍液中SiO2微粒在镀层中的含量与阴极电流密度的关系，以及镀液的pH值、搅拌速度、电流密度、微粒悬浮量、添加剂等工艺条件和参数对Ni-SiO2复合镀层的影响，确定了其最佳镀液组成和工艺参数；SEN能量色散检测表明，制备的镀层中SiO2质量含量在10％～20％。镀层的外观均匀、细致，并有金属光泽。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.