气相色谱法分析大鼠大脑皮质脂肪酸组成及含量

[目的]对大鼠大脑皮质脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析测定。[方法]采用甲醇-二氯甲烷提取脑皮质总脂,用甲醇/乙酰氯法进行脂肪酸甲酯化,利用气相色谱法对脂肪酸组成及含量进行测定。[结果]定性分析结果表明大鼠脑皮质脂肪酸至少有16种,含量占优势的脂肪酸为C18︰0、C16︰0、C18︰1、C20︰4、C22︰6;饱和与不饱和脂肪酸之比为1.22︰1。[结论]该实验确定了大鼠大脑皮质脂肪酸的组成及含量,为进一步研究脂肪酸与脑功能打下了基础。     

肠道短链脂肪酸与腹泻的相关性研究进展

 短链脂肪酸是肠道菌群发酵食物中膳食纤维产生的代谢产物,主要为含有1~6个碳原子的有机脂肪酸及其盐类化合物。肠道菌群失调与腹泻的发生相关。肠道菌群组成改变引起肠道短链脂肪酸含量改变。越来越多的研究表明,短链脂肪酸在腹泻的发生和治疗过程中具有重要作用。本文介绍短链脂肪酸的来源和组成,从肠道能量代谢、肠道黏膜屏障功能、肠道免疫功能,以及肠道电解质和水的吸收角度综述短链脂肪酸对腹泻的影响,为临床腹泻的诊治提供策略。     

孕妇膳食、血清中脂肪酸组成及含量分析

目的：了解本地区孕妇膳食，血清中脂肪酸含量及组成，为孕妇合理营养提供指导。方法：对孕中期妇女追踪调查至孕晚期，分别用三天膳食记录法和气相色谱法分析两阶段孕妇的膳食和血清脂肪酸水平，并进行相关回归分析。结果：孕中，晚期膳食脂肪酸总量及组成差异无显著性。血清脂肪酸总量孕晚期较孕中期明显增加，但ω3系脂肪酸显著降低。孕期膳食脂肪酸和血清脂肪酸有相关关系者为C16：0，C18：0，C18：1，C18：2，C18：3，C22：6。结论：应提供膳食中ω3系脂肪酸（α-亚麻酸）的摄入水平，使ω6系脂肪酸同ω3系脂肪酸保持适宜的比例关系。     

紫草素桔抗膜脂流动性下降和脂质过氧化损伤的作用

ＳＤ大鼠按体重承机分成５组，喂饲含脂肪酸组成不同的饲料９０天，研究其对肝中脂肪酸组成和膜脂流性的影响及紫草素阻抑ＣＣｌ４诱导的肝细胞膜脂流动性下降和脂和脂质过氧化损伤的能力。结果表明肝脏中的脂肪酸组成与摄入饲料的脂肪酸组成呈显著的正相关；不同脂肪酸组成的肝脏，其细胞膜脂流动性之间有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），摄食含多不饱和脂肪酸较多且以含ｎ－３系列脂肪酸最多的第４组，其膜脂流动性较好但当加入１００μ     

高脂血症病人血清中脂肪酸含量的研究

高脂血症病人血清中脂肪酸含量的研究鲁凤友李亚南林海生１于恒和２（山东医科大学药学系，济南２５００１２）血清中脂肪酸的组成与动脉粥样硬化有关，Ｓｃｈｒａｄｅ等人研究对照组和动脉粥样硬化患者血清脂类含量以及胆固醇中脂肪酸的组成，发现患者血清中饱和脂肪酸比...     

人工养殖对虾与野生对虾脂肪酸的组成分析和测定

<正>1 引言 对虾（学名Penaeus orientals Kishinouye）以我国渤海、黄海沿海最多。它具有补肾壮阳、滋阴、健骨、镇静等功效[1]。文献[2]曾对对虾在蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物等方面做过研究,但对脂类方面的研究国内外报道不多。脂类是鱼虾体主要能量来源,其脂肪组成对于研究对虾营养价值具有重要意义。目前已在北方沿海大面积养殖对虾,但由于人工养殖对虾所处生态环境和所摄取的饵料与野生对虾完全不同,特别是后者势必影响人工养殖对虾与野生对虾在脂肪酸组成和含量上的差异。本文通过对烟台沿海人工养殖对虾与野生对虾在脂肪酸组成和含量上的分析及比较研究,了解对虾脂肪酸组成模式,为提高人工养殖对虾质量,充分开发和利用对虾的使用价值,研究其营养价值提供科学依据。     

漫谈脂肪酸

脂肪酸是膳食脂肪的重要组成部分．每个脂肪分子都是由一个甘油分子、三个脂肪酸分子化合成的．需要在体内经消化分解成脂肪酸和甘油后才能被人体吸收利用。膳食脂肪因其所含的脂肪酸的链的长短、饱和程度和空间结构的不同而呈现不同的特性和功能，可以说．脂肪酸是脂肪的灵魂。     

食品中沙门菌细胞脂肪酸组分的气相色谱分析

目的：建立沙门菌属全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱指纹图谱，为沙门菌的鉴定提供依据。方法：对从食品中分离的6种沙门菌在相同的条件下培养，离心收集细胞，提取脂肪酸并甲基化，通过TLC来分离纯化甲基酯，通过气相色谱测定脂肪酸的组成。结果：沙门菌属中的细菌在脂肪酸的组成上主要含C12、C16、C18、C19。不同种的脂肪酸组分表现出一定的差异，地方菌株与模式菌株具有相同的脂肪酸组分。结论：该方法灵敏度高、重现性好，准确性强可以对食品中的沙门菌进行快速鉴定。     

厌氧菌内毒素脂多糖的化学及色谱分析

采用化学和色谱技术对产黑普氏菌、中间普氏菌、牙髓普氏菌和具核梭杆菌４种厌氧菌脂多糖的糖和脂肪酸进行化学分析。结果表明，４种厌氧菌内毒素的糖类由氨基葡萄糖、内毒素酸性糖（ＫＤＯ）和中性糖组成，其中中性糖主要由鼠李戊醛糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成。脂肪酸的组成主要为饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、分枝脂肪酸和羟基脂肪酸组成。不同种属间内毒素的糖脂含量存在一定差别     

不同产地螺旋藻中脂肪酸的GC/MC分析比较

目前,全世界对螺旋藻(SP)的开发利用方兴未艾.我省气候条件适合于螺旋藻的生长,螺旋藻已成为我省新兴的养殖业,加工生产螺旋藻制品厂家也已发展至十多家,但未见螺旋藻中各种脂肪酸质量差异的分析报道.本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测螺旋藻中脂肪酸的组成,利用计算机进行NBS质谱库检索出各种脂肪酸的成分;对检索出的6种百分含量较高的脂肪酸采用毛细管柱气相色谱法对其成分进行测定,为进一步了解螺旋藻的功能因子,进行深层次的开发提供了科学的依据.     

Implications of SCFAs on the Parameters of the Lipid and Hepatic Profile in Pregnant Women

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the product of the anaerobic intestinal bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch. An abnormal intestinal microbiota may cause a reduction in the production of SCFAs, which stimulate the development of intestinal epithelial cells, nourish enterocytes, influence their maturation and proper differentiation, reduce the pH, and are an additional source of energy for the host. There have been reports of the special role of SCFAs in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation of SCFAs with lipid and hepatic metabolism during pregnancy in relation to the body weight of pregnant women. Material and methods: This study was conducted in pregnant women divided into two groups: Obese (OW—overweight and obese women; n = 48) and lean (CG—control group; n = 48) individuals. The biochemical plasma parameters of lipid metabolism (TG, CH, LDL, HDL), inflammation (CRP), and liver function (ALT, AST, GGT) were determined in all of the subjects. SCFA analysis was performed in the stool samples to measure acetic acid (C 2:0), propionic acid (C 3:0), isobutyric acid (C 4:0 i), butyric acid (C 4:0 n), isovaleric acid (C 5:0 i) valeric acid (C 5:0 n), isocaproic acid (C 6:0 i), caproic acid (C 6:0 n), and heptanoic acid (C 7:0). Results: Statistically significant differences in the concentrations of C 3:0 and C 6:0 n were found between women in the OW group compared to the CG group. The other SCFAs tested did not differ significantly depending on BMI. The C 2:0, C 3:0, and C 4:0 n ratios showed differences in both OW and CG groups. In the OW group, no relationship was observed between the concentrations of the SCFAs tested and CRP, ALT, AST. A surprising positive relationship between C 5:0 n and all fractions of the tested lipids and branched C 5:0 with CHL, HDL, and LDL was demonstrated. In the OW group, HDL showed a positive correlation with C 3:0. However, lower GGT concentrations were accompanied by higher C 4:0 and C 5:0 values, and this tendency was statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of our research show that some SCFAs are associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and CRP concentrations, which may vary with gestational weight. Obesity in pregnancy reduces the amount of SCFAs in the stool, and a decrease in the level of butyrate reduces liver function.     

染铝大鼠尿中单胺类神经递质代谢物含量的变化

目的观察三氯化铝 (AlCl3)对染毒大鼠尿中单胺类神经递质含量变化的影响 ,寻找早期生物学监测指标 ,为探讨铝的神经毒性作用机制提供依据。方法144只Wistar大鼠随机分为注射剂量分别为5.0、15.0、25.0mg/Kg的3个剂量组和生理盐水对照组。用原子吸收分光光度计测定尿铝含量 ,用高效液相色谱仪测定尿中高香草酸 (HVA)及香草扁桃酸 (VMA)含量。结果各时间剂量组大鼠尿铝均显著高于对照组 (P<0.01);尿中的HVA和VMA水平均较高 ,各时间剂量组VMA水平显著高于对照组 (P<0.01) ;25mg/kg组HVA也显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)。结论铝可影响单胺类神经递质代谢 ,尿铝和VMA可用作铝引起的中枢神经系统功能异常的早期生物学监测指标     

四种扇贝氨基酸和脂肪酸含量分析

四种扇贝氨基酸和脂肪酸含量分析段德麟，王远红，汪贻生，薛长湖，徐家敏（青岛海洋大学食品工程系，青岛２６６００３）关键词扇贝，氨基酸，脂肪酸ＡｎａｌｙｓｅｓｏｆＡｍｉｎｏＡｃｉｄａｎｄＦａｔｔｙＡｃｉｄＣｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆＦｏｕｒＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＳｃ...     

ICS-1500型离子色谱仪在空气检测中的应用

[目的]利用免试剂ICS-1500型离子色谱仪对龙岩市化工厂车间空气中HCl、H2SO4、HNO3、H3PO4和HF进行检测。[方法]采用分析柱为容量高、亲水性强的Dionex IonPac AS19阴离子交换柱,EG40在线产生KOH淋洗液,等浓度泵作梯度淋洗消除干扰,直接进样电导检测5种酸阴离子。[结果]实际样品的加标回收率在97.8%~103.6%之间,5种混酸各含5.0μg/ml连续进样6次,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.17%~1.20%。[结论]本法应用于车间空气中酸阴离子的测定,简单、快速（一次分检时间为28 min）,重现性好、样品用量少,检出限及检测成本较低,尤其适用于大批样品多项目的测定。     

对苯二甲酸的致畸毒性研究

研究对苯二甲酸的致畸毒性,为制订卫生标准提供依据。方法：选择受孕的ＳＤ大鼠,通过灌胃途径在妊娠等７天给予ＴＰＡ,剂量组分别为：５０００、５０００、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,对照给予等量植物油,妊娠第２０天断颈处死动物,检查胎鼠内脏和骨骼有无异常。结果：５０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组母鼠体重增长量,胎鼠体重,体长均低于对照组,胎鼠内脏检查未见异常,骨骼检查仅见几例波状肋但无统计意义,其它未见异常。结论本次研究结果提     

食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸的测定方法改进

[目的]对食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸测定的前处理进行改进,以达到样品中待测组分提取完全,操作简便。[方法]于2004年3月对GB/T5009.29-2003食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸测定方法中前处理用分液漏斗代替比色管、提取由两次改为三次、提取残渣用丙酮直接定容。[结果]改进法回收率90.3%～96.8%、最低检出浓度0.012g/kg、RSD<6.4%。[结论]改进法操做简便、准确,灵敏度、准确度均符合实验要求。     

发育期补充鱼油对大鼠脑内脂肪酸组成及神经递质的影响

为观察发育期补充二十二碳六烯酸对大鼠脑内脂肪酸代谢和部分神经递质的变化,将孕鼠分为４组：正常对照组组（Ｏ）、添加ＤＨＡ的低（Ｌ）、中（Ｍ）、高（Ｈ）剂量组,于基础饲料中分别添加鱼油０、１７．５、３５和７０ｍｌ／ｋｇ,实验组饲料中的ＤＨＡ含量分别为７．５、１５和３０ｇ／ｋｇ。     

Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils.

This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and less than 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

空气中四种羧酸的同时测定

目的 建立工作场所空气中乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸4种羧酸同时测定的毛细管柱气相色谱方法.方法 硅胶管吸附空气中乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸,用丙酮解吸后毛细管柱气相色谱(FID)测定.结果 乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸浓度分别在3.4～500.0、2.1～500.0、2.9～500.0及1.6～500.0 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好;线性方程分别为:y=-4.3+1.46x(r=0.999);y=0.4+2.37x(r=0.999);y=10.4+1.73x(r=0.999);y=-2.3+3.21x(r=0.999);检出限分别为3.4、2.1、2.9及1.6 μg/ml.若采集15 L空气样品,最低检出浓度分别为0.2、0.1、0.2及0.1 mg/m3;平均解吸效率分别为92.2%～92.8%、94.1%～97.4%、94.8%～95.4%及94.1%～98.3%;相对标准偏差分别为1.1%～4.0%、1.2%～7.8%、0.9%～4.0%及1.6%～4.8%.结论 本方法适用于工作场所空气中4种羧酸浓度的同时测定.

Abstract：

Objective Four kinds of acids (acetic acid,propionic acid,acrylic acid and methylacrylic acid) in the air in a workplace were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography synchronously.Methods Four acids in the air were adsorbed by silica gel tube sampling and solvent desorption using acetone,then analyzed by GC with FFAP capillary column.Results To acetic acid,propionic acid,acrylic acid and methylacrylic acid,the linear regression equations were respectively y=-4.3+1.46x (r=0.999),y=0.4+2.37x(r= 0.999),y=10.4+1.73x(r=0.999) and y=-2.3+3.21x(r=0.999).The detection limits were respectively 3.4μg/mL,2.1 μg/mL,2.9 μg/mL and 1.6 μg/mL.The average desorption efficiencies were respectively 92.2%~92.8%,94.1%～97.4%,94.8%～95.4% and 94.1%～98.3%.The relative standard deviations were 1.1%～4.0%,1.2%～ 7.8%,0.9%～4.0% and 1.6%~4.8%.Conclusion The method is suitable to determine four kinds of acids in the air in a workplace.     

有机酸对单核-内皮细胞粘附作用的影响

目的探讨氯原酸(CHA)、抗坏血酸(AA)、柠檬酸(CA)和苹果酸(MA)4种有机酸对单核-内皮细胞(MC-EC)粘附作用的影响,为开发利用天然食物成分有机酸防治动脉粥样硬化提供科学依据.方法通过原代培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(EC),观察氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)(100mg/L),不同剂量(10、20、40mg/L)CHA、AA、CA和MA4种有机酸+oxLDL(100mg/L),以及单纯CHA和AA3个剂量,分别与EC共培养12h后MC-EC的粘附率.结果正常对照组MC-EC的基础粘附率是(11.35±1.27)%;oxLDL组粘附率为(37.25±5.63)%,显著高于正常组(P<0.01);有机酸+oxLDL各组MC-EC粘附率与oxLDL组比较,有不同程度的降低,其中3个剂量组的CHA+oxLDL和AA+oxLDL的降低率分别为CHA60.81%、72.66%、100.96%,AA34.29%、65.06%、95.76%,呈剂量依赖性;CA+oxLDL只有高剂量组的MC-EC粘附率显著低于oxLDL组(P<0.05),MA+oxLDL3个剂量组无明显作用.单纯CHA和AA各个剂量组的MC-EC粘附率略低于正常对照组,但差异不显著.结论CHA和AA对oxLDL诱导的MC-EC粘附作用具有明显的抑制效应,CA作用较弱,而MA作用不明显.