室内百叶帘对隔热铝合金窗热工性能的影响分析

本文选取铝合金、塑料和钢材三种材质的百叶帘,利用幕墙门窗热工性能计算软件进行模拟计算,研究其对隔热铝合金窗热工性能的影响。结果表明,三种材质的百叶帘均可提高窗的保温性能。在帘片与室内侧玻璃表面间距为30mm时,窗的传热系数有明显变化,可有效提高窗的保温性能。间距超过30mm后,间距的增大对窗的保温性能影响变小。三种材质中,镀锌钢材百叶帘对隔热铝合金窗的传热系数影响更为明显。帘片与室内侧玻璃表面间距对窗的隔热性能无明显影响,不同材质的表面反射率对窗的隔热性能有较大影响。本研究对室内百叶帘的设计、选用具有一定的指导意义。     

基于模糊神经网络的室内照度控制系统的研究

阐述了一种以室内视觉舒适度为控制目标,含室内遮阳百叶帘及人工照明补光的室内照度智能控制系统。该智能控制系统基于对百叶帘旋转角度与室内照度的耦合关系,采用模糊神经网络技术来智能调节百叶帘遮阳角度,及进行补光控制。给出了系统构成及实现方法,并对控制性能进行了讨论。     

住房和城乡建设部发布遮阳技术目录

住房和城乡建设部最近发布了《建筑遮阳推广技术目录》,包括建筑外遮阳织物卷帘、建筑外遮阳金属百叶帘、遮阳保温一体化双层节能窗、玻璃用透明隔热涂料、百叶帘调光控制系统等21个门类的建筑遮阳产品和技术被列入推广目录。     

海南推广20项建筑遮阳新技术

本刊讯近日,海南省住建厅发布消息,将推广应用20项建筑遮阳新技术。包括：建筑外遮阳铝合金卷帘、建筑外遮阳织物卷帘、电动软卷帘、手动软卷帘、电动张紧式天篷帘、旋转式/斜伸式曲臂遮阳篷、建筑外遮阳金属百叶帘、建筑遮阳织物、玻璃用透明隔热涂料、建筑玻璃隔热膜、内置百叶中空玻璃、内置百叶遮阳中空玻璃门窗、集成多功能门窗、遮阳型铝塑复合窗、     

住建部发布遮阳技术目录

本刊讯住房和城乡建设部最近发布了《建筑遮阳推广技术目录》,包括建筑外遮阳织物卷帘、建筑外遮阳金属百叶帘、遮阳保温一体化双层节能窗、玻璃用透明隔热涂料、百叶帘调光控制系统等21个门类的建筑遮阳产品和技术被列入推广目录。其中,遮阳保温一体化双层节能窗,以其具有遮阳、通风、隔音、保温隔热等特点引起业界关注。     

寒冷地区建筑双层光伏外窗的采光与节能特性研究

本文针对寒冷地区双层光伏外窗建筑,采用Daysim和EnergyPlus软件耦合模拟研究了光伏电池覆盖率、安装朝向以及窗墙比等关键设计参数对建筑室内采光质量和综合能耗的影响。首先,对典型气象条件下双层光伏外窗建筑室内工作面水平照度值进行了实测,并采用实验数据验证了Daysim软件采光模拟模型的可靠性;其次,结合常见采光评价参数对眩光问题考虑的不足,提出了N-Daylit区域室内面积占比指标以评价室内天然采光质量;在此基础上,从改善室内采光质量和降低建筑综合能耗的角度出发,对双层光伏外窗的光伏电池覆盖率、朝向及窗墙比等关键设计参数进行了优化研究。结果显示,当双层光伏外窗建筑应用于北方寒冷地区办公建筑时,采用南向或者东南向安装、40%的光伏电池覆盖率和30%的建筑窗墙比,可以在保证良好采光质量的前提下最大化外窗的节能潜力。     

自适应模糊控制在室内采光控制中的应用研究

针对室内遮阳百叶帘运行角度的控制,在大量实验和理论研究的基础上,提出将自适应模糊控制应用于室内采光控制系统中,对百叶帘进行智能控制。介绍室内采光控制系统及工作原理,基于模糊控制规则的自适应模糊控制方法及其应用。仿真结果表明在该系统中使用自适应模糊控制具有良好的控制效果。     

青海科技馆光伏建筑一体化设计

通过剖析青海科技馆光伏系统工程设计相关内容,对光伏建筑一体化效果和主要构造做相关介绍及说明。该项目的主要特征是光伏系统设计时充分考虑光伏系统与建筑的融合效果,针对建筑本身的特点设计适合的光伏系统;将光伏百叶应用于传统的电动玻璃百叶控制系统中。重点阐述绿色建筑的创新技术在实际工程中的应用及示范作用。     

遮阳一体化窗结构分析及前景应用

本文就现阶段国家和各地区节能指标及活动外遮阳(专指遮阳百叶帘)使用现状为切入点,针对现阶段建筑外遮阳在工程应用上的一些弊端,阐述建筑外遮阳应用前景及遮阳一体化窗的结构设计要点。     

南京地区活动式建筑外遮阳设施对室内热环境影响

针对活动式铝合金的外遮阳百叶帘和卷帘,对夏季和过渡季节南京地区建筑室内的热环境的影响进行了计算和分析研究,指出在该地区两种活动式建筑外遮阳设施在夏季能有效改善空调房间室内热环境,但对过渡季节自然通风房间室内热环境的影响正相反。     

A dual-mode internal window management device for energy conservation

The design of a simple energy conserving window management system is described, and its heat transfer characteristics are calculated. The device serves as a quasi-active solar collector during winter daytime, provides added insulation comparable with that of vented storm windows during winter nighttime, and rejects solar heat during summer cooling periods. The problem of avoiding the intensity of direct sun through windows while obtaining essentially all the associated heat is effectively solved with a window system of this type. The results of the numerical modeling show that the dual shade:will be approximately 90% as energy efficient as an unshaded window while intercepting direct sunlight;will save about 40% on energy losses through a single pane window during winter nighttime;will reduce solar heat gain by about 70% during peak-power summer air conditioning periods.     

建筑负荷预测中太阳辐射透过窗户引起的冷负荷

通过对建筑物玻璃窗所受太阳辐射得热的性能分析,建立了太阳辐射得热模型;根据《民用建筑热工设计规范》中划分的5个建筑热工分区,建立了典型玻璃窗的太阳辐射得热系数（SHGC）数据库,由此构建了透过玻璃窗的瞬时太阳辐射得热模型。参考DeST中的家具平板模型,建立了玻璃窗的室内蓄热平板模型,通过模型将太阳辐射得热量转化为瞬时冷负荷,并与相同条件下冷负荷系数法中的透过玻璃窗的日射得热形成冷的负荷进行对比,其相对误差不超过20％,满足城市规划阶段负荷预测的要求。从而为解决太阳辐射透过玻璃窗形成的冷负荷提供了一个新的思路,为修正用于区域能源规划中建筑负荷预测用的负荷因子模型提供了一个实用方法。     

一种适合北方近南向窗口的可变构造设计方案

针对北方地区节能设计的不足之处,提出了一种新型建筑窗口可变式构造设施的设计方案,详细阐述了冬季白天纳阳保温、夏季白天遮阳隔热等设计方法,以便能够实现综合协调天然采光、冬季增加室内太阳辐射得热、夏季遮阳隔热、防风沙、防爆等多功能需求。     

气候适应性窗对室内环境的影响研究

外窗作为建筑围护结构的重要部组成部件,起着与外部光、热环境进行隔离或交换的作用,对调节室内热舒适性、改善空气质量以及必要的照明起着至关重要的作用。在亚热带地区,由于其特殊的气候特征,建筑节能既要考虑夏季隔热,又要兼顾冬季保温,因此外窗的节能设计就显得尤为重要。本文以住房和城乡建设部、财政部可再生能源建筑应用示范项目为例,通过建筑构造技术设计,提出了亚热带地区不同建筑围护结构各朝向气候适应性窗的概念,通过计算机模拟分析与实验测试,对该窗的夏季隔热和冬季保温效果进行了验证。本文所介绍的构造技术强化了气候适应性窗在区域气候方面的得热优势并弱化了其不利影响,为亚热带地区建筑外窗的设计提供了新的思路。     

Design of solar radiation and thermal capacity influence on the indoor climate of buildings

The influence of building design on indoor climate is studied using Hoffman and Feldman's Total Thermal Time Constant Method for simulation of the thermal response of a building.Comfort requirements in summer in residential buildings, and the manner in which they can be achieved by appropriate building design in order to improve indoor thermal conditions are discussed.The proper use of insulation and heat capacity properties (represented in this paper by the total thermal time constant of the external elements) and the use of light external colours are very important in eliminating or minimizing the need for air conditioning coolers. The correct design of insulation, and window areas permitting solar radiation penetration, can drastically reduce heating requirements in winter.The incomplete results reported are part of a research in progress on the calibration of ventilation as a source of cooling in summer and of window area (with solar radiation penetration) as a source of heating in winter.     

夏热冬冷地区遮阳及自然采光节能优化设计

对于夏热冬冷地区,建筑外遮阳是一种非常有效的节能措施,不仅可以有效降低冷负荷,而且能够阻挡眩光,提供舒适的视觉环境,但是对自然采光有一定影响。借助能耗模拟软件Energyplus建立了上海某高层办公楼建筑模型,在采用自然采光和人工照明自动控制的条件下,模拟不同朝向采用不同形式的遮阳对建筑整体能耗及室内光环境产生的影响,通过比较后得出各个朝向的最佳遮阳形式。     

建筑一体化电热冷联产光伏组件能量特性研究

传统太阳能光伏或光热建筑一体化只能为建筑提供单一电能或热能。通过研究一种集成发电、集热、制冷3种功能的建筑一体化电热冷联产光伏组件,对其夏季工况下能量特性进行了实际检测。结果表明:白天,组件集热同时能有效降低光伏电池温度,组件工作温度高于环境温度约8~16℃,发电和集热效率分别为14.1%~13.7%和40.1%~15.7%;晴朗夜间,组件通过对流和辐射两种传热方式进行散热制冷,总制冷功率为26.0~268.5 W/m~2。电热冷联产光伏组件适合与热泵结合,为建筑提供所需能源。     

Impacts of the shading-type building-integrated photovoltaic claddings on electricity generation and cooling load component through shaded windows

The shading-type building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) claddings can act as power generators as well as external shading devices of a building, which reduce the energy consumption of the building. However, there is little information about energy impacts of different tilt angles of the shading-type BIPV claddings. By considering the typical meteorological conditions of Hong Kong, the energy performance of the shading-type BIPV claddings, in terms of the electricity generation and the cooling load reduction, is analyzed in this paper. The optimum tilt angle of PV modules for maximum electricity generation is found to be 20° instead of local latitude. Combining electricity generation and cooling load reduction, it can be concluded that the optimum tilt angles for the first type of the shading-type BIPV claddings vary from 30° to 50°, while the optimum tilt angle for the second type is 0°.     

Exergy analysis for day lighting, electric lighting and space cooling systems for a room space in a tropical climate

Turning off the electric lamp during available daylight will save electricity, while at the same time thermal energy from solar radiation transmitted through the window will increase the space-cooling load. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the whole system that includes not only the room space with the windows and the electric lighting systems, but also the air conditioning system. For analysis of the whole system using different types of energy (i.e. electricity, solar radiation, light emitted by lamps and thermal energy), it is important to take into account the quality of these different types of energy. The concept of entropy and exergy were applied in this analysis. The purpose of this study is to show the energy use for daylighting, electric lighting, and space cooling systems as a series of exergy input, output, and consumption and reveal how a daylighting system consumes solar exergy and how electric lighting and space cooling systems consume exergy from fossil fuel. The methodology to calculate the exergy consumption of the system during a given time was developed first. This method was then applied to the lighting and cooling for a typical room. The study found that electric lighting consumes the lowest amount of exergy while the space cooling consumes the highest amount of exergy for the system.     

我国五种气候区应用半透明光伏幕墙的综合能耗研究

建筑幕墙集成半透明光伏材料,能够形成瑰丽的建筑外观和斑驳的室内光影,在获得光伏发电的同时也改变了建筑照明能耗、空调采暖制冷能耗。考虑到气候因素对建筑能耗和太阳能发电的显著影响,文章选取了我国五种气候分区的代表性城市,测算了半透明光伏幕墙在不同气候区的综合能耗（包括发电、照明、采暖和制冷等）,为相关工程中应用半透明光伏的优化设计提供参考。