微/纳B4C增强6061Al复合材料微观结构及力学性能

采用先进粉末冶金技术(放电等离子烧结+热挤压)制备了三种体积分数(3vol%、5vol%、7vol%)的微/纳B₄C增强6061Al复合材料,对不同制备阶段复合材料的微观组织(SEM、TEM、EBSD)进行观察分析,对复合材料的纳米压痕行为及拉伸性能进行测试。结果表明:烧结后B₄C颗粒在基体中呈“网状”分布;挤压变形后B₄C颗粒在基体实现弥散均匀分布。挤压变形后,纳米B₄C在晶内及晶界均有分布,纳米B₄C对位错的钉扎作用使得基体积累大量位错,提供驱动力并越过动态回复,使内部再结晶比例高达74%。当B₄C体积分数为3vol%时,挤压态B₄C/6061Al复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度及延伸率为219 MPa、88 MPa和22.5%,断裂形貌中呈现大量韧窝。      

多重结构Ti-B4C/Al2024复合材料的组织和力学性能

为了研究多重结构对铝基复合材料力学性能的影响,将气雾化态Al2024合金粉末与球磨不同时间的Ti-10%(质量分数,下同)B_4C复合粉末混合,采用热压烧结和热挤压的方法制备多重结构Ti-B_4C/Al2024复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸试验机对不同材料的显微组织与力学性能进行观察和测试,并对多重结构复合材料的强韧化行为进行讨论。结果表明:Ti-B_4C/Al2024复合材料多重结构包括基体Al2024、核壳结构Ti/Al₁₈Ti_2Mg_3组织和B_4C颗粒。向Al2024中加入5%预先球磨6h后的Ti-B_4C粉末时,其屈服强度从107MPa提高到122MPa,并且表现出与热挤压Al2024合金几乎相同的伸长率。当球磨时间延长至12h时,试样5TB-12h的伸长率可达到16.4%。然而,复合材料的伸长率随着Ti-B_4C添加量的增加而降低。     

晶内/晶间复合型Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的研究

采用非均相沉淀法和热压工艺制备了Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷.在1450℃热压γ-Al2O3/Ni复合粉体得到相对密度＞98%的金属陶瓷.结果表明,Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中,其中＜100nm的Ni颗粒位于Al2O3晶内,100～300nm的分布在晶界,形成了晶内/晶界复合型纳米金属陶瓷.同单相Al2O3相比,Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷的三点抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别增加了26%和79%分析了纳米金属陶瓷的增强增韧机制.     

热挤压对SiCw·SiCp/2024Al组织与性能的影响

为了研究SiCw·SiCp/2024Al复合材料的热变形行为,对压铸法制备的SiCw·SiCp/2024Al复合材料进行了热挤压变形,并测定了其变形前后的室温拉伸性能.利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对复合材料热变形前后的微观组织进行观察.研究表明:增强体在基体中分布均匀,并与基体有良好的界面结合;热挤压后,纳米颗粒分布的均匀性和分散性得到改善,SiC晶须产生了沿挤压方向的定向排列,且SiC晶须与基体合金的界面结合良好;随着SiC颗粒含量的增加,混杂增强复合材料的抗拉强度随之升高,挤压后复合材料的抗拉强度进一步提高;与基体合金相比,混杂增强复合材料的延伸率下降,热挤压有利于提高混杂复合材料的延伸率.     

单壁纳米碳管增强纳米铝基复合材料的制备

将用氢电弧法制备的单壁纳米碳管（SWNTs）提纯后与纳米Al粉体混合，在室温下冷压成型，再在260～480℃真空热压处理，制备出相对密度大于90%，SWNTs弥散分布于纳米Al基体中的单壁纳米管增强纳米复合材料，含量为2.5%（质量分数）的SWNTs对纳米Al基体的增强效果约为55%，SWNTs/纳米Al复合材料的硬度随热压温度的升高而增加，热压温度为380℃时硬度达到峰值2.21GPa，大约是粗晶Al的15倍，比同样温度热压出来的纳米Al块体的硬度高36.4%。     

粉末冶金法制备Al-Pb合金微观组织分析EI

采用机械合金化与真空热压烧结制备Al-Pb合金,并通过热挤压变形细化显微组织。XRD检测分析表明:Al,Pb衍射峰随机械合金化的进行不断宽化,晶粒尺寸减小。SEM分析表明:球磨15h后可以得到合金粉末,其具有Pb粒子弥散分布于Al基体的复相结构。再通过550℃/20MPa真空热压烧结1h,可制备出Al-Pb合金块体。适当的热挤压工艺能够细化组织,减小Pb颗粒的尺寸。其抗拉强度可达231.6MPa,延伸率为17.6%。     

制备工艺对铝基复合材料增强体颗粒分布均匀性的影响

采用高能球磨法混料和低温快速热挤压相结合的粉末冶金工艺制备了SiCp/6066Al复合材料,研究了制备工艺对增强体颗粒分布均匀性的影响.结果表明:高能球磨法混料是显著改善增强体颗粒形貌、细化增强体颗粒粒度,在基体更小的微区域中实现增强体颗粒数量分布均匀性的最有效混料方法;低温快速热挤压利用基体的较低塑性和强大物理变形量使增强体颗粒进一步细化,得到的细小等轴颗粒更易随着基体的塑性流动而呈弥散均匀分布,进一步改善或消除微区域内增强体颗粒的偏聚或尽可能降低偏聚的程度.两种方法相结合是实现增强体颗粒微观分布均匀性的最有效方法.     

真空退火对原位Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni增强复合材料性能的影响

铁铬镍合金具有良好的高温强韧性和抗蠕变性,被广泛应用于制造航空发动机、工业燃气轮机等设备。利用原位合成和热压烧结工艺制备Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni复合材料。为减少脆性相对复合材料性能的影响,将热压烧结试样在1000℃下真空保温2h后退火。采用XRD和SEM等测试方法,研究热处理后Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni复合材料的微观结构和常温力学性能。结果表明:Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni复合材料主要由Fe-Cr-Ni合金相、Fe-Cr相和Al2O3陶瓷增强相组成。热压烧结试样的维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度分别为4.16GPa、298.31MPa和8.04MPa·m1/2。经1000℃高温热处理后,复合材料中Fe-Cr相发生奥氏体转变和合金基体晶粒长大,导致硬度下降至2.98GPa。Fe-Cr-Ni合金基体中韧性相含量和基体连续性增加,使该复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧度明显上升,其值分别为459.33MPa和12.81MPa·m1/2。     

高能球磨粉末冶金制备工艺对15%SiCp/2009Al复合材料性能的影响

采用高能球磨粉末冶金法制备了15%SiC_p/2009Al复合材料,研究了球磨转速、球磨时间、加热抽真空工艺、热压成型以及热挤压比对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,球磨转速和时间、热压成型工艺是影响复合材料力学性能的重要因素。较长时间高转速球磨使SiC颗粒均匀分布,高温真空热压改善粉末之间的结合是获得高性能复合材料的关键。转速190 r/min、球磨6 h制备的复合粉末经高温真空热压、挤压后的复合材料SiC颗粒均匀分布,材料的抗拉强度高达650 MPa,延伸率大于5%。      

晶内/晶间复合型Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的研究

采用非均相沉淀法和热压工艺制备了Al2O3/Ni纳米金属陶瓷。在1450℃热压γ-Al2O3/Ni复合粉体得到相对密度＞985的金属陶瓷。结果表明，Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中，其中＜100nm的Ni颗粒位于Al2O3晶内，100－300nm的分布在晶界，形成了晶内／晶界复合型纳米金属陶瓷。同单相Al2O3相比，Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷的三点抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别增加了26％和795。分析了纳米金属陶瓷的增强增韧机制。     

In situ TiC particles reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix composite with a network reinforcement architecture

TiC particles reinforced Ti6Al4V (TiCp/Ti6Al4V) composite with a network TiCp distribution has been successfully fabricated by reaction hot pressing of coarse Ti6Al4V particles and fine carbon powders. TiC particles are in situ synthesized around the boundaries of the Ti6Al4V particles, and subsequently formed into a TiCp network structure. Contrary to the typical Widmanstätten microstructure for the monolithic Ti6Al4V alloy, an equiaxed (α + β) microstructure for the Ti6Al4V matrix of the composite is formed. This is due to the isotropic tensile stress generated by the network TiCp structure and the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) during the phase transformation. The prepared composite exhibits superior compressive strength before and after heat-treatment due to the reinforcement network architecture and the relatively large matrix region with an equiaxed microstructure.     

Improved properties of Ti-6Al-4V by combining isothermal equal-channel angular processing and hot-extrusion

The aim of this work was to study effects of hot extrusion on the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V (wt-%) alloy processed by ECAP. Firstly, an isothermally Ti–6Al–4V alloy processed by Equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) was preheated at 950°C for 6?min and then hot extruded at 900°C. The hot extrusion minimised the grain size and maximised the mechanical strength. Therefore, it was demonstrated that hot extrusion of Ti-6Al-4V alloys that processed by ECAP could be performed without compromising any mechanical properties. Therefore, it is possible to use the ability to apply a reduced cross-section in hot extrusion for an Ti-6Al-4V processed by ECAP without concern about the reduction of properties.     

Mechanical properties of hot pressed SiCp and B4Cp/Alumix 123 composites alloyed with minor Zr

In the present study, effect of Zr addition on the microstructure and wear behavior of aluminum alloy composites (AMCs) reinforced with B4Cp and SiCp particles fabricated via hot pressing were investigated. The samples for the study composed of unreinforced aluminum alloy (Alumix 123) and the composites reinforced with 10% B4Cp and % SiCp were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method. Similarly, all the samples alloyed with 0.2% Zr were also produced in order to make a comparison. The produced samples were evaluated for microstructural properties and mechanical tests for hardness, tensile and bending strength were performed. Wear test was carried out at 5 mm/s sliding speed under 3.0 N load for the all kind of hot pressed produced samples. The hot pressed composite microstructures have a more uniform distribution of the reinforcements. After HIP process, the composites were successfully produced with high density (>99%). The addition of Zr increased the yield and tensile strength of the samples. The highest strength value was found for the sample Al 123 matrix alloy with Zr. Evaluation of microstructures showed that copper and zirconium dispersed equally within the matrix microstructure without agglomeration. For the composite samples, Al3Zr, appeared as white precipitate, were inspected around B4C and SiC particles. The composite containing SiC particles and Zr had wear resistance value superior to those of the other counterparts.     

Load-bearing contribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on tensile response of aluminum

We fabricated a uniformly dispersed and aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix (Al–MWCNT) composite with minimal work hardening and without interfacial chemical compounds. In this paper, the direct load-bearing contribution of MWCNTs on the Al–MWCNT composite was investigated in detail for various volume fractions of MWCNTs. For up to 0.6 vol% of MWCNTs, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the Al–MWCNT composite increased with the conservation of the remarkable failure elongation of Al. These UTS values are consistent with shear lag model. We also observed an uncommon multi-wall-type failure of MWCNTs during the hot extrusion process. However, owing to the agglomeration of MWCNTs in the Al matrix, the UTS deviated significantly from the shear lag model and the remarkable failure elongation of Al decreased. The possibility of strengthening, without degrading ductility, was demonstrated by exploiting directly the load-bearing ability of individually and uniformly dispersed aligned MWCNTs.     

碳纳米管增强2024铝基复合材料的力学性能及断裂特性

为了研究碳纳米管对铝基复合材料性能的影响,采用冷等静压、热挤压方法制备了质量分数1.0%的多壁碳纳米管增强2024Al基复合材料.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验对复合材料的显微组织进行了观察和分析,并对其力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,碳纳米管均匀地分布在复合材料中,碳纳米管和铝基体的界面结合良好,没有发现界面产物Al4C3的形成;复合材料的断口上存在大量的撕裂棱,韧窝,并涉及碳纳米管的拔出或拔断与桥接,与2024Al基体材料相比,复合材料的硬度、弹性模量和抗拉强度显著提高,同时复合材料的延伸率却并不下降.碳纳米管的加入可以显著提高铝基复合材料的力学性能.     

挤压铸造法制备可变形SiCP/Al复合材料的组织与性能

通过在SiC颗粒预制块中加入铝粉的方法制备了颗粒含量可控的SiC颗粒预制块,并用挤压铸造法制备了可变形SiC_P/Al复合材料。通过对颗粒体积含量为25%的SiC_P/Al复合材料进行热挤压变形,研究了挤压变形的可行性及其对复合材料组织与性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,用本文中提出的新工艺制备的25vol%SiC_P/Al复合材料可以成功地进行挤压比为25∶1的热挤压变形,并且热挤压变形可以明显提高复合材料的强度、刚度和塑性。     

20vol%体积分数纳米Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高温压缩性能

为提高铝基材料的高温力学性能以满足其在573 K以上用于航空航天装备结构件的性能需求,采用高能球磨结合真空热压烧结工艺制备了体积分数高达20vol%的纳米Al₂O₃颗粒(146 nm)增强铝基复合材料,对其微观结构和高温压缩性能进行了研究。结果表明：纳米Al₂O₃颗粒均匀分散于超细晶铝基体中,且复合材料完全致密;该复合材料具有优异的高温压缩性能：应变速率为0.001/s时,473 K时压缩强度高达380 MPa,即使673 K时依然高达250 MPa,比其他传统铝基材料提高至少1倍;通过对其流变应力进行基于热激活的本构模型拟合可以发现,该复合材料具有高的应力指数(30)和表观激活能(204.02 kJ/mol)。这是由于高体积分数纳米颗粒能够有效钉扎晶界,并与铝基体形成热稳定的界面结合,显著提高复合材料的组织热稳定性,而且在变形过程中与晶界有效阻碍位错运动,显著提高复合材料的热变形门槛应力(在473～673 K时为190.6～328.4 MPa),其热变形过程可以由亚结构不变模型进行解释。     

搅拌铸造SiCp/2024复合材料热挤压-轧制变形组织及性能

利用搅拌铸造-热挤压-轧制工艺制备SiCp/2024复合材料薄板。通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及力学测试等手段研究了该复合材料在铸态、热挤压态及轧制态下的显微组织及力学性能,分析了材料在塑性变形过程中显微组织及力学性能的演变。结果表明,该复合材料铸坯主要由80～100μm的等轴晶组成,粗大的晶界第二相呈非连续状分布,SiC颗粒较均匀地分布于合金基体中;热挤压变形后,晶粒沿挤压方向被拉长,SiC颗粒及破碎的第二相呈流线分布特征;轧制变形后,基体合金组织进一步细化,晶粒尺寸为30～40μm,SiC颗粒破碎明显,颗粒分布趋于均匀,轧制变形对挤压过程中形成的SiC颗粒层带状不均匀组织有显著的改善作用。数学概率统计指出,塑性变形有利于提高颗粒分布的均匀性。力学测试表明,塑性变形后,复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率显著提高。SiCp/2024铝基复合材料主要的断裂方式为:合金基体的延性断裂、SiC颗粒断裂及SiC/Al界面脱粘。