16Cr2Ni2A钢连续冷却转变图及等温转变图的测定

在Ｆｏｒｍａｓｔｏｒ－Ｄ型全自动快速膨胀仪对１６Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ２Ａ钢的ＣＣＴ和ＴＴＴ曲线进行测试，研究了不同温度，冷却速度下该钢的金相组织和相变特点，建立了一套完整的ＣＣＴ和ＴＴＴ图。     

高性能双组份环氧树脂固化动力学研究和TTT图绘制

用全动态DSC 研究了先进复合材料用高性能双组份环氧树脂的固化反应动力学, 获得了固化反应的动力学参数, 并建立了固化动力学的唯象模型。用恒温DSC 和动态DSC 结合DiBenedetto 方程研究了树脂玻璃化转变温度和固化度之间的关系, 并给出了玻璃化转变温度T_g和时间t 及温度T 之间的数学关系。通过DMA 研究了树脂恒温下的凝胶过程, 给出了凝胶时间tgel 和凝胶温度T 之间的关系, 回归得到凝胶时的固化度为α_gel =0.4539 , 并以此计算出了T_g ,gel = 70. 18 ℃, 为工艺选择提供了依据。并在此基础上绘制出了该树脂体系的TTT图, 提出了将TTT 图用于工艺优化的思路, 并做了初步验证。      

Phase transformation in Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg alloy

After solid solution treatment, the effects of aging processes on the microstructure and electrical conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg lead frame alloy were investigated in order to determine the phase transformation and the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) behavior. The results show that aged at 470 °C the fine precipitation of an ordered CrCu₂(Zr,Mg) phase is found in copper matrix as well as fine Cr and Cu₄Zr, aged at 550 °C the phase CrCu₂(Zr,Mg) is decomposed into Cu₄Zr and Cr phase, aged at 600 °C the precipitates is bcc Cr only. The phase transformation kinetics equation was deduced from the Avrami empirical formula based on the linear relationship between the electrical conductivity and the volume fraction of the phase transformation.     

6082铝合金的TTT曲线及其研究

为研究6082铝合金的淬火敏感性,采用分级淬火的方法测定了6082铝合金的时间-温度-转化率（TTT）曲线,利用XRD、TEM并结合Avrami方程研究了6082合金在等温过程中的组织变化.结果表明：6082铝合金TTT曲线的鼻尖温度约为350℃,淬火敏感温度区间为300～420℃;6082铝合金过饱和固溶体在350℃...     

2A14铝合金TTT曲线及其淬火敏感性

采用分级淬火实验方法,绘制了2A14铝合金时间-温度-转换率(TTT)曲线,利用XRD、TEM、EDS等观察分析了合金等温过程中的组织变化,结合Avrami方程研究了等温过程中相变动力学。结果表明合金TTT曲线鼻尖温度为350℃,淬火敏感区间为300~400℃。2A14铝合金过饱和固溶体在350℃等温处理时快速分解,第二相脱溶析出速率达到最高。鼻尖温度较大的过饱和度和较高的扩散速率是第二相快速析出和长大的主要原因。2A14铝合金淬火过程中,建议在淬火敏感区间(300~400℃)提高冷却速率抑制第二相析出,在其他温度区间适当降低冷却速率,以获得较高的综合性能。     

Isothermal transformation of low-carbon microalloyed steels

The microstructures of isothermal transformation products and time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagrams of two low-carbon microalloyed steels have been investigated by the means of dilatation and microscopy. The results show there are three independent “C-shape” curves in the TTT diagrams of low-carbon microalloyed steels, namely, the polygonal ferrite/pearlite transformation “C-shape” curve, the massive ferrite transformation “C-shape” curve and the bainitic transformation “C-shape” curve, respectively. The effects of the carbon and Mo content on massive ferritic transformation are discussed.     

Acicular ferritic microstructure of a low-carbon Mn–Mo–Nb microalloyed pipeline steel

The transformations during continuous cooling and isothermal processes, the effects of hot deformation and the morphology of the final microstructure of a low-carbon Mn–Mo–Nb microalloyed pipeline steel designed for acicular ferrite microstructure were investigated. The results show that there are three independent “C” curves for isothermal phase transformation, i.e., TTT diagram, of low-carbon microalloyed steel, namely, polygonal ferrite–pearlite transformation “C” curve, the massive ferrite transformation “C” curve and the bainitic transformation “C” curve, respectively. Hot deformation accelerates acicular ferrite transformation and refines the steel's matrix. The microstructure of acicular ferrite for pipeline steels was discussed.     

耐高温双马来酰亚胺树脂的固化反应动力学和TTT图

采用动态DSC法对耐高温双马来酰亚胺树脂的固化反应动力学进行研究,根据Kissinger方程和Crane方程,拟合得到树脂的固化动力学参数,并建立树脂的唯象模型。此外,采用恒温DSC法,根据DiBenedetto方程,建立树脂的玻璃化转变温度与固化度之间的函数关系。采用凝胶盘法,获得树脂在不同温度下的凝胶时间,建立凝胶时间和凝胶温度之间的函数关系,最终得到树脂的TTT图。结果表明:根据TTT图确定合适的加压时机,可以有效排除夹杂于预浸料层内层间的气体,从而制备内部质量完好的复合材料。     

7085铝合金的淬火敏感性

采用分级淬火法测定了7085铝合金的TTT和TTP曲线,并结合透射电镜对其淬火敏感性进行了研究。结果表明,在等温保温过程中7085铝合金淬火态电导率升高,时效态硬度下降,在中间温度段电导率及硬度变化较快;TTT和TTP曲线的鼻尖温度约为320℃,淬火敏感区间为250~370℃;等温保温过程中,过饱和固溶体分解析出平衡相η,在320℃附近析出速率达到最大,随着等温保温时间的延长,η相聚集并长大,时效后出现大量无沉淀析出区域,导致性能显著下降;在淬火敏感区间,较高的相变驱动力和较大的扩散速率是η相快速析出长大的主要原因。     

Effect of hot deformation on phase transformation kinetics of 86CrMoV7 steel

The time–temperature–transformation (TTT) and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams of 86CrMoV7 steel with and without hot deformation were constructed by means of dilatometry, metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the pearlite and bainite transformations of 86CrMoV7 steel can be promoted and the microstructure can be refined by hot deformation. The undissolved carbides associated with hot deformation increase the inhomogeneity of carbon distribution in deformed austenite. The inhomogeneities of the austenite increase the number of nucleation sites for pearlite and bainite, and promote pearlite and bainite formation, which result in refinement of both the pearlite and bainite microstructures. In contrast, the undissolved carbides do not play a direct role on the pearlite and bainite transformation of 86CrMoV7 steel in the absence of hot deformation.     

Complexion time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams: Opportunities and challenges

Grain boundaries and other interfaces can undergo complexion transitions from one thermodynamic state to another, resulting in discontinuous changes in interface properties such as diffusivity, mobility, and cohesive strength. The kinetics of such complexion transitions has been largely overlooked until recently. Just as with bulk phase transformations, complexion transition kinetics can be represented on time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams. An experimental complexion TTT diagram is presented here for polycrystalline Eu-doped spinel annealed at 1400–1800 °C. This material developed a microstructure with a bimodal grain size distribution, indicating that a complexion transition occurs within this temperature range. The time and temperature dependence of this complexion transition was analyzed and used to produce a grain-boundary complexion TTT diagram for this system. Complexion TTT diagrams have the potential to be remarkably useful tools for manipulating the properties of internal interfaces in polycrystalline metals and ceramics. The development of experimental complexion TTT diagrams is likely to have an important impact on the field of grain-boundary engineering, and hence the development of these experimental diagrams should be an intense area of focus in the coming years.     

高韧性双马来酰亚胺树脂的固化反应动力学和TTT图

采用动态DSC法,研究了高韧性双马来酰亚胺树脂的固化反应动力学。根据Kissinger方程和Crane方程,拟合得到双马来酰亚胺树脂的固化动力学参数,建立了该树脂的唯象模型。采用恒温DSC法,根据DiBenedetto方程,建立了双马来酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度与固化度之间的函数关系。采用凝胶盘法,获得了该树脂在不同温度下的凝胶时间,建立了凝胶时间和凝胶温度之间的函数关系,得到了树脂的时间-温度-转变（TTT）图。根据TTT图对复合材料的固化工艺进行优化。结果表明:预浸料在150℃恒温0.5 h后加压0.6 MPa,树脂具有一定的流动性,可制备内部质量完好的复合材料。      

Precipitates,zones and transitions during aging of Al-Zn-Mg-Zr 7000 series alloy

Abstract

Age hardening of an industrial 7000 series alloy in the temperature range 70-150° C has been followed by mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurement, differential scanning calorimetry and extensive electron microscopy (TEM). The property changes during aging are interpreted in terms of structural transformations that involve two types of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones (I and II), the metastable hardening precipitate η′ and the stable phase η-MgZn₂, as well as coarsening, changes of composition and internal order within zones and precipitates. Time-temperature ranges of the transformations during aging, and its dependence on quenching temperature, are estimated from TEM observations. The role of the GP(II) zones in the aging of alloys quenched from temperatures above 450°C is emphasized.     

热固性树脂固化动力学模型简化的新方法

时间-温度-转变(TTT)图是分析和设计固化过程的有用工具,具有重要的研究价值。传统的TTT图中等固化曲线族的绘制是一个繁琐的过程,耗费大量的成本和时间。温度-时间-固化度三者之间的关系是由固化动力学方程控制的,因此从固化动力学方程入手,采用数值模拟的方法研究等固化曲线族是一种省时省力的新方法。针对两种树脂的固化动力学模型,数值模拟了树脂的固化度,并对计算方案进行了验证。在此基础上,分别做出树脂固化动力学模型的等固化曲线图,探讨了温度-时间-固化度之间的关系,结果表明:在等固化条件下温度和时间的对数之间存在线性关系。在此基础上对温度-时间-固化度曲线进行拟合,得到了较为简单的关系式,简化了原先复杂的固化动力学方程,能够方便地用于工程实际,避免了繁琐的求解。     

On reliability criteria and the implied cost of failure for a maintained component

This paper considers age-based replacement and block replacement when reliability is also a decision criterion. We describe how specification of the operational reliability of component function determines the replacement policy, and that setting a value for the cost of failure and specifying an operational reliability requirement are equivalent. This duality then implies a simple method for checking the consistency of the cost of failure and operational reliability measures when they are set system operators and maintainers. A simple expression for the median time between operational failures for a socket subject to age-based replacement is also obtained. These ideas are considered briefly in the context of block replacement. Data from an actual case relating to the maintenance and replacement of train traction motors is used for illustration.     

ACA离子取代凝胶多价离子置换性能研究

考察了海藻酸－壳聚糖－海藻酸（ACA）离子取代凝胶对几种二价金属离子的置换行为。实验结果表明，海藻酸钙凝胶和海藻酸－壳聚糖－海藻酸凝胶微球（ACA－Ca)也能吸附Pb^2 ,Cu^2 和A^3 ,其中Pb^2 ,Cu^2 和Al^3 取代了凝胶中的Ca^2 ,并且其置换速率要大大快于离子交换树脂，而其平衡取代量与ACA微胶囊相当，因此，海藻酸钙凝胶也能作为离子吸附剂应用于吸附某些金属离子。此外，Pb^2 也能置换海藻酸锌中的Zn^2 ，Ca^2 能置换海藻酸亚铁中的Fe^2 。Pb^2 对海藻酸钙凝胶中的Ca^2 的置换不仅包括b^2 和Ca^2 的置换，还存在对Pb^2 的静吸附。     

RTM快速成型环氧树脂时间-温度-转变图的构建及其碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料评价

针对自行研制的树脂传递模塑工艺（RTM）快速成型环氧树脂,利用唯象动力学模型、DiBenedetto方程和凝胶模型研究了树脂体系的等温及非等温固化动力学,构建了时间-温度-转变（TTT）的关系图,表明树脂体系兼具较长的适用期与快速固化特性。以此设计RTM快速成型工艺,考察了树脂体系对碳纤维织物的浸润流动行为,并评价了快速成型碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面力学性能与微观形貌。结果表明,注射温度下树脂体系的浸润填充性良好,RTM快速成型碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能和内部成型质量较好。      

采用惰性气体对容器、管道置换的三种方法

介绍了用氮气对容器、管道置换的三种方法 :大气压力稀释置换法、压力循环置换法、抽真空置换法 ;最后分析了置换时的操作要点     

LD7铝合金淬火敏感性及相变动力学规律

通过分级淬火的方法,结合所测LD7铝合金淬火态电导率和时效态硬度拟合出合金的时间-温度-转化率(TTT)曲线和时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线。利用透射电镜(TEM)和Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程研究了铝合金等温淬火过程中的组织变化和相变动力学规律。结果表明:LD7铝合金TTT和TTP曲线的鼻尖温度均为350℃,孕育期约为2s,淬火敏感区间为290~410℃;等温保温过程中过饱和固溶体析出第二相粒子,鼻尖温度附近析出速率最快;随保温时间的延长,第二相富集长大且粗化,无沉淀析出区域变宽,晶界第二相连续化,导致合金强化效果下降;根据相变动力学方程拟合出的S曲线,解释了合金在350℃附近淬火敏感性最大以及淬火敏感区间合金第二相主要以针状形态析出的规律。